Extract the lock-protected parts of SEV ASID allocation into a new helper
and opportunistically convert it to use guard() when acquiring the mutex.
Preserve the goto even though it's a little odd, as it's there's a fair
amount of subtlety that makes it surprisingly difficult to replicate the
functionality with a loop construct, and arguably using goto yields the
most readable code.
No functional change intended.
Signed-off-by: Carlos López <clopez@suse.de>
[sean: move code to separate helper, rework shortlog+changelog]
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260310234829.2608037-21-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Assert that kvm->lock is held when checking if a VM is an SEV+ VM, as KVM
sets *and* resets the relevant flags when initialization SEV state, i.e.
it's extremely easy to end up with TOCTOU bugs if kvm->lock isn't held.
Add waivers for a VM being torn down (refcount is '0') and for there being
a loaded vCPU, with comments for both explaining why they're safe.
Note, the "vCPU loaded" waiver is necessary to avoid splats on the SNP
checks in sev_gmem_prepare() and sev_gmem_max_mapping_level(), which are
currently called when handling nested page faults. Alternatively, those
checks could key off KVM_X86_SNP_VM, as kvm_arch.vm_type is stable early
in VM creation. Prioritize consistency, at least for now, and to leave a
"reminder" that the max mapping level code in particular likely needs
special attention if/when KVM supports dirty logging for SNP guests.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260310234829.2608037-16-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Document that the check for an SEV+ guest when reclaiming guest memory is
safe even though kvm->lock isn't held. This will allow asserting that
kvm->lock is held in the SEV accessors, without triggering false positives
on the "safe" cases.
No functional change intended.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260310234829.2608037-15-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Bury "struct kvm_sev_info" behind CONFIG_KVM_AMD_SEV=y to make it harder
for SEV specific code to sneak into common SVM code.
No functional change intended.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260310234829.2608037-14-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
WARN if KVM encounters an unhandled VM type when setting up flags for SEV+
VMs, e.g. to guard against adding a new flavor of SEV without adding proper
recognition in sev_vm_init().
Practically speaking, no functional change intended (the new "default" case
should be unreachable).
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260310234829.2608037-13-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Move SEV+ VM initialization to sev.c (as sev_vm_init()) so that
kvm_sev_info (and all usage) can be gated on CONFIG_KVM_AMD_SEV=y without
needing more #ifdefs. As a bonus, isolating the logic will make it easier
to harden the flow, e.g. to WARN if the vm_type is unknown.
No functional change intended (SEV, SEV_ES, and SNP VM types are only
supported if CONFIG_KVM_AMD_SEV=y).
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260310234829.2608037-12-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Now that all external usage of the VM-scoped APIs to detect SEV+ guests is
gone, drop the stubs provided for CONFIG_KVM_AMD_SEV=n builds and bury the
"standard" APIs in sev.c.
No functional change intended.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260310234829.2608037-11-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Use the "unsafe" API to check for an SEV-ES+ guest when determining whether
or not SMBASE is a supported MSR, i.e. whether or not emulated SMM is
supported. This will eventually allow adding lockdep assertings to the
APIs for detecting SEV+ VMs without triggering "real" false positives.
While svm_has_emulated_msr() doesn't hold kvm->lock, i.e. can get both
false positives *and* false negatives, both are completely fine, as the
only time the result isn't stable is when userspace is the sole consumer
of the result. I.e. userspace can confuse itself, but that's it.
No functional change intended.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260310234829.2608037-10-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Add "unsafe" quad-underscore versions of the SEV+ guest detectors in
anticipation of hardening the APIs via lockdep assertions. This will allow
adding exceptions for usage that is known to be safe in advance of the
lockdep assertions.
Use a pile of underscores to try and communicate that use of the "unsafe"
shouldn't be done lightly.
No functional change intended.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260310234829.2608037-9-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Provide vCPU-scoped accessors for detecting if the vCPU belongs to an SEV,
SEV-ES, or SEV-SNP VM, partly to dedup a small amount of code, but mostly
to better document which usages are "safe". Generally speaking, using the
VM-scoped sev_guest() and friends outside of kvm->lock is unsafe, as they
can get both false positives and false negatives.
But for vCPUs, the accessors are guaranteed to provide a stable result as
KVM disallows initialization SEV+ state after vCPUs are created. I.e.
operating on a vCPU guarantees the VM can't "become" an SEV+ VM, and that
it can't revert back to a "normal" VM.
This will also allow dropping the stubs for the VM-scoped accessors, as
it's relatively easy to eliminate usage of the accessors from common SVM
once the vCPU-scoped checks are out of the way.
No functional change intended.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260310234829.2608037-8-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Lock and unlock all vCPUs in a single batch when synchronizing SEV-ES VMSAs
during launch finish, partly to dedup the code by a tiny amount, but mostly
so that sev_launch_update_vmsa() uses the same logic/flow as all other SEV
ioctls that lock all vCPUs.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260310234829.2608037-7-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Lock all vCPUs when synchronizing and encrypting VMSAs for SNP guests, as
allowing userspace to manipulate and/or run a vCPU while its state is being
synchronized would at best corrupt vCPU state, and at worst crash the host
kernel.
Opportunistically assert that vcpu->mutex is held when synchronizing its
VMSA (the SEV-ES path already locks vCPUs).
Fixes: ad27ce1555 ("KVM: SEV: Add KVM_SEV_SNP_LAUNCH_FINISH command")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260310234829.2608037-6-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Reject LAUNCH_FINISH for SEV-ES and SNP VMs if KVM is actively creating
one or more vCPUs, as KVM needs to process and encrypt each vCPU's VMSA.
Letting userspace create vCPUs while LAUNCH_FINISH is in-progress is
"fine", at least in the current code base, as kvm_for_each_vcpu() operates
on online_vcpus, LAUNCH_FINISH (all SEV+ sub-ioctls) holds kvm->mutex, and
fully onlining a vCPU in kvm_vm_ioctl_create_vcpu() is done under
kvm->mutex. I.e. there's no difference between an in-progress vCPU and a
vCPU that is created entirely after LAUNCH_FINISH.
However, given that concurrent LAUNCH_FINISH and vCPU creation can't
possibly work (for any reasonable definition of "work"), since userspace
can't guarantee whether a particular vCPU will be encrypted or not,
disallow the combination as a hardening measure, to reduce the probability
of introducing bugs in the future, and to avoid having to reason about the
safety of future changes related to LAUNCH_FINISH.
Cc: Jethro Beekman <jethro@fortanix.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/b31f7c6e-2807-4662-bcdd-eea2c1e132fa@fortanix.com
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260310234829.2608037-5-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Reject synchronizing vCPU state to its associated VMSA if the vCPU has
already been launched, i.e. if the VMSA has already been encrypted. On a
host with SNP enabled, accessing guest-private memory generates an RMP #PF
and panics the host.
BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ff1276cbfdf36000
#PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode
#PF: error_code(0x80000003) - RMP violation
PGD 5a31801067 P4D 5a31802067 PUD 40ccfb5063 PMD 40e5954063 PTE 80000040fdf36163
SEV-SNP: PFN 0x40fdf36, RMP entry: [0x6010fffffffff001 - 0x000000000000001f]
Oops: Oops: 0003 [#1] SMP NOPTI
CPU: 33 UID: 0 PID: 996180 Comm: qemu-system-x86 Tainted: G OE
Tainted: [O]=OOT_MODULE, [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE
Hardware name: Dell Inc. PowerEdge R7625/0H1TJT, BIOS 1.5.8 07/21/2023
RIP: 0010:sev_es_sync_vmsa+0x54/0x4c0 [kvm_amd]
Call Trace:
<TASK>
snp_launch_update_vmsa+0x19d/0x290 [kvm_amd]
snp_launch_finish+0xb6/0x380 [kvm_amd]
sev_mem_enc_ioctl+0x14e/0x720 [kvm_amd]
kvm_arch_vm_ioctl+0x837/0xcf0 [kvm]
kvm_vm_ioctl+0x3fd/0xcc0 [kvm]
__x64_sys_ioctl+0xa3/0x100
x64_sys_call+0xfe0/0x2350
do_syscall_64+0x81/0x10f0
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e
RIP: 0033:0x7ffff673287d
</TASK>
Note, the KVM flaw has been present since commit ad73109ae7 ("KVM: SVM:
Provide support to launch and run an SEV-ES guest"), but has only been
actively dangerous for the host since SNP support was added. With SEV-ES,
KVM would "just" clobber guest state, which is totally fine from a host
kernel perspective since userspace can clobber guest state any time before
sev_launch_update_vmsa().
Fixes: ad27ce1555 ("KVM: SEV: Add KVM_SEV_SNP_LAUNCH_FINISH command")
Reported-by: Jethro Beekman <jethro@fortanix.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/d98692e2-d96b-4c36-8089-4bc1e5cc3d57@fortanix.com
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260310234829.2608037-3-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Drop the explicit KVM_SEV_LAUNCH_UPDATE_VMSA call when creating an SEV-ES
VM in the SEV migration test, as sev_vm_create() automatically updates the
VMSA pages for SEV-ES guests. The only reason the duplicate call doesn't
cause visible problems is because the test doesn't actually try to run the
vCPUs. That will change when KVM adds a check to prevent userspace from
re-launching a VMSA (which corrupts the VMSA page due to KVM writing
encrypted private memory).
Fixes: 69f8e15ab6 ("KVM: selftests: Use the SEV library APIs in the intra-host migration test")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260310234829.2608037-2-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Use kvzalloc_objs() instead of sev_pin_memory()'s open coded (rough)
equivalent to harden the code and
Note! This sanity check in __kvmalloc_node_noprof()
/* Don't even allow crazy sizes */
if (unlikely(size > INT_MAX)) {
WARN_ON_ONCE(!(flags & __GFP_NOWARN));
return NULL;
}
will artificially limit the maximum size of any single pinned region to
just under 1TiB. While there do appear to be providers that support SEV
VMs with more than 1TiB of _total_ memory, it's unlikely any KVM-based
providers pin 1TiB in a single request.
Allocate with NOWARN so that fuzzers can't trip the WARN_ON_ONCE() when
they inevitably run on systems with copious amounts of RAM, i.e. when they
can get by KVM's "total_npages > totalram_pages()" restriction.
Note #2, KVM's usage of vmalloc()+kmalloc() instead of kvmalloc() predates
commit 7661809d49 ("mm: don't allow oversized kvmalloc() calls") by 4+
years (see commit 89c5058090 ("KVM: SVM: Add support for
KVM_SEV_LAUNCH_UPDATE_DATA command"). I.e. the open coded behavior wasn't
intended to avoid the aforementioned sanity check. The implementation
appears to be pure oversight at the time the code was written, as it showed
up in v3[1] of the early RFCs, whereas as v2[2] simply used kmalloc().
Cc: Liam Merwick <liam.merwick@oracle.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20170724200303.12197-17-brijesh.singh@amd.com [1]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/148846786714.2349.17724971671841396908.stgit__25299.4950431914$1488470940$gmane$org@brijesh-build-machine [2]
Reviewed-by: Liam Merwick <liam.merwick@oracle.com>
Tested-by: Liam Merwick <liam.merwick@oracle.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260313003302.3136111-6-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Use PFN_DOWN() instead of open coded equivalents in sev_pin_memory() to
simplify the code and make it easier to read.
No functional change intended (verified before and after versions of the
generated code are identical).
Reviewed-by: Liam Merwick <liam.merwick@oracle.com>
Tested-by: Liam Merwick <liam.merwick@oracle.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260313003302.3136111-5-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Explicitly disallow pinning more pages for an SEV VM than exist in the
system to defend against absurd userspace requests without relying on
somewhat arbitrary kernel functionality to prevent truly stupid KVM
behavior. E.g. even with the INT_MAX check, userspace can request that
KVM pin nearly 8TiB of memory, regardless of how much RAM exists in the
system.
Opportunistically rename "locked" to a more descriptive "total_npages".
Reviewed-by: Liam Merwick <liam.merwick@oracle.com>
Tested-by: Liam Merwick <liam.merwick@oracle.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260313003302.3136111-4-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Drop sev_mem_enc_register_region()'s sanity checks on the incoming address
and size, as SEV is 64-bit only, making ULONG_MAX a 64-bit, all-ones value,
and thus making it impossible for kvm_enc_region.{addr,size} to be greater
than ULONG_MAX.
Note, sev_pin_memory() verifies the incoming address is non-NULL (which
isn't strictly required, but whatever), and that addr+size don't wrap to
zero (which _is_ needed and what really needs to be guarded against).
Note #2, pin_user_pages_fast() guards against the end address walking into
kernel address space, so lack of an access_ok() check is also safe (maybe
not ideal, but safe).
No functional change intended (the generated code is literally the same,
i.e. the compiler was smart enough to know the checks were useless).
Reviewed-by: Liam Merwick <liam.merwick@oracle.com>
Tested-by: Liam Merwick <liam.merwick@oracle.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260313003302.3136111-3-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Drop the WARN in sev_pin_memory() on npages overflowing an int, as the
WARN is comically trivially to trigger from userspace, e.g. by doing:
struct kvm_enc_region range = {
.addr = 0,
.size = -1ul,
};
__vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_MEMORY_ENCRYPT_REG_REGION, &range);
Note, the checks in sev_mem_enc_register_region() that presumably exist to
verify the incoming address+size are completely worthless, as both "addr"
and "size" are u64s and SEV is 64-bit only, i.e. they _can't_ be greater
than ULONG_MAX. That wart will be cleaned up in the near future.
if (range->addr > ULONG_MAX || range->size > ULONG_MAX)
return -EINVAL;
Opportunistically add a comment to explain why the code calculates the
number of pages the "hard" way, e.g. instead of just shifting @ulen.
Fixes: 78824fabc7 ("KVM: SVM: fix svn_pin_memory()'s use of get_user_pages_fast()")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Liam Merwick <liam.merwick@oracle.com>
Tested-by: Liam Merwick <liam.merwick@oracle.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260313003302.3136111-2-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Skip the OSVW RDMSRs if the current CPU doesn't enumerate support for the
MSRs. In practice, checking only the boot CPU's capabilities is
sufficient, as the RDMSRs should fault when unsupported, but there's no
downside to being more precise, and checking only the boot CPU _looks_
wrong given the rather odd semantics of the MSRs. E.g. if a CPU doesn't
support OVSW, then KVM must assume all errata are present.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251113231420.1695919-6-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Elide the OSVW variable updates if the current CPU's set of errata are a
subset of the errata tracked in the global values, i.e. if no update is
needed. There's no danger of under-reporting errata due to bailing early
as KVM is purely reducing the set of "known fixed" errata. I.e. a racing
update on a different CPU with _more_ errata doesn't change anything if
the current CPU has the same or fewer errata relative to the status quo.
If another CPU is writing osvw_len, then "len" is guaranteed to be larger
than the new osvw_len and so the osvw_len update would be skipped anyways.
If another CPU is setting new bits in osvw_status, then "status" is
guaranteed to be a subset of the new osvw_status and the bitwise-OR would
be an effective nop anyways.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251113231420.1695919-5-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Move the initialization of the global OSVW variables to a helper function
so that svm_enable_virtualization_cpu() isn't polluted with a pile of what
is effectively legacy code.
No functional change intended.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251113231420.1695919-4-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Don't bother reading the OSVW MSRs if osvw_len is already zero, i.e. if
KVM is already treating all errata as present, in which case the positive
path of the if-statement is one giant nop.
Opportunistically update the comment to more thoroughly explain how the
MSRs work and why the code does what it does.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251113231420.1695919-3-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Guard writes to the global osvw_status and osvw_len variables with a
spinlock to ensure enabling virtualization on multiple CPUs in parallel
doesn't effectively drop any writes due to writing back stale data. Don't
bother taking the lock when the boot CPU doesn't support the feature, as
that check is constant for all CPUs, i.e. racing writes will always write
the same value (zero).
Note, the bug was inadvertently "fixed" by commit 9a798b1337 ("KVM:
Register cpuhp and syscore callbacks when enabling hardware"), which
effectively serialized calls to enable virtualization due to how the cpuhp
framework "brings up" CPU. But KVM shouldn't rely on the mechanics of
cphup to provide serialization.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251113231420.1695919-2-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
The avic parameter is stored as an int to support the special value -1
(AVIC_AUTO_MODE), but the cited commit changed it from bool to int while
keeping param_get_bool() as the getter function.
This causes UBSAN to report "load of value 255 is not a valid value for
type '_Bool'" when the parameter is read via sysfs.
The issue happens in two scenarios:
1. During module load: There's a time window between when module
parameters are registered, and when avic_hardware_setup() runs to
resolve the value, where the value is -1.
2. On non-AMD systems: On non-AMD hardware, the kvm_is_svm_supported()
check returns early. The avic_hardware_setup() function never runs,
so avic remains -1.
Fix that by implementing a getter function that properly reads and
converts the -1 value into a string.
Triggered by sos report:
UBSAN: invalid-load in kernel/params.c:323:33
load of value 255 is not a valid value for type '_Bool'
CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 4667 Comm: sos Not tainted 6.19.0-rc5net_mlx5_1e86836 #1 NONE
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.16.3-0-ga6ed6b701f0a-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
Call Trace:
<TASK>
dump_stack_lvl+0x69/0xa0
ubsan_epilogue+0x5/0x2b
__ubsan_handle_load_invalid_value.cold+0x47/0x4c
? lock_acquire+0x219/0x2c0
param_get_bool.cold+0xf/0x14
param_attr_show+0x51/0x80
module_attr_show+0x19/0x30
sysfs_kf_seq_show+0xac/0xf0
seq_read_iter+0x100/0x410
copy_splice_read+0x1b4/0x360
splice_direct_to_actor+0xbd/0x270
? wait_for_space+0xb0/0xb0
do_splice_direct+0x72/0xb0
? propagate_umount+0x870/0x870
do_sendfile+0x3a3/0x470
__x64_sys_sendfile64+0x5e/0xe0
do_syscall_64+0x70/0x8c0
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53
Fixes: ca2967de5a ("KVM: SVM: Enable AVIC by default for Zen4+ if x2AVIC is support")
Reviewed-by: Dragos Tatulea <dtatulea@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Gal Pressman <gal@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Naveen N Rao (AMD) <naveen@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260225145050.2350278-2-gal@nvidia.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Force apicv_update_lock and apicv_nr_irq_window_req to reside in their own
cacheline to avoid generating significant contention due to false sharing
when KVM is contantly creating IRQ windows. E.g. apicv_inhibit_reasons is
read on every VM-Enter; disabled_exits is read on page faults, on PAUSE
exits, if a vCPU is scheduled out, etc.; kvmclock_offset is read every time
a vCPU needs to refresh kvmclock, and so on and so forth.
Isolating the write-mostly fields from all other (read-mostly) fields
improves performance by 7-8% when running netperf TCP_RR between two guests
on the same physical host when using an in-kernel PIT in re-inject mode.
Reported-by: Naveen N Rao (AMD) <naveen@kernel.org>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/yrxhngndj37edud6tj5y3vunaf7nirwor4n63yf4275wdocnd3@c77ujgialc6r
Tested-by: Naveen N Rao (AMD) <naveen@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260123224514.2509129-5-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
IRQ windows represent times during which an IRQ can be injected into a
vCPU, and thus represent times when a vCPU is running with RFLAGS.IF=1
and GIF enabled (TPR/PPR don't matter since KVM controls interrupt
injection and it only injects one interrupt at a time). On SVM, when
emulating the local APIC (i.e., AVIC disabled), KVM detects IRQ windows
by injecting a dummy virtual interrupt through VMCB.V_IRQ and
intercepting virtual interrupts (INTERCEPT_VINTR). This intercept
triggers as soon as the guest enables interrupts and is about to take
the dummy interrupt, at which point the actual interrupt can be injected
through VMCB.EVENTINJ.
When AVIC is enabled, VMCB.V_IRQ is ignored by the hardware and so
detecting IRQ windows requires AVIC to be inhibited. However, this is
only necessary for ExtINTs since all other interrupts can be injected
either by directly setting IRR in the APIC backing page and letting the
AVIC hardware inject the interrupt into the guest, or via VMCB.V_NMI for
NMIs.
If AVIC is enabled but inhibited for some other reason, KVM has to
request for IRQ window inhibits every time it has to inject an interrupt
into the guest. This is because APICv inhibits are dynamic in nature, so
KVM has to be sure that AVIC is inhibited for purposes of discovering an
IRQ window even if the other inhibit is cleared in the meantime.
This is particularly problematic with APICV_INHIBIT_REASON_PIT_REINJ
which stays set throughout the life of the guest and results in KVM
rapidly toggling IRQ window inhibit resulting in contention on
apicv_update_lock.
Address this by setting and clearing APICV_INHIBIT_REASON_PIT_REINJ
lazily: if some other inhibit reason is already set, just increment the
IRQ window request count and do not update apicv_inhibit_reasons
immediately. If any other inhibit reason is set/cleared in the meantime,
re-evaluate APICV_INHIBIT_REASON_PIT_REINJ by checking the IRQ window
request count and update apicv_inhibit_reasons appropriately. Otherwise,
just the IRQ window request count is incremented/decremented each time
an IRQ window is requested. This reduces much of the contention on the
apicv_update_lock semaphore and does away with much of the performance
degradation.
Co-developed-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Co-developed-by: Naveen N Rao (AMD) <naveen@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Naveen N Rao (AMD) <naveen@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Naveen N Rao (AMD) <naveen@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260123224514.2509129-4-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
IRQ window inhibits can be requested by multiple vCPUs at the same time
for injecting interrupts meant for different vCPUs. However, AVIC
inhibition is VM-wide and hence it is possible for the inhibition to be
cleared prematurely by the first vCPU that obtains the IRQ window even
though a second vCPU is still waiting for its IRQ window. This is likely
not a functional issue since the other vCPU will again see that
interrupts are pending to be injected (due to KVM_REQ_EVENT), and will
again request for an IRQ window inhibition. However, this can result in
AVIC being rapidly toggled resulting in high contention on
apicv_update_lock and degrading performance of the guest.
Address this by maintaining a VM-wide count of the number of vCPUs that
have requested for an IRQ window. Set/clear the inhibit reason when the
count transitions between 0 and 1. This ensures that the inhibit reason
is not cleared as long as there are some vCPUs still waiting for an IRQ
window.
Co-developed-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Co-developed-by: Naveen N Rao (AMD) <naveen@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Naveen N Rao (AMD) <naveen@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Naveen N Rao (AMD) <naveen@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260123224514.2509129-3-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Clearing IRQ window inhibit today relies on interrupt window
interception, but that is not always reachable when nested guests are
involved.
If L1 is intercepting IRQs, then interrupt_window_interception() will
never be reached while L2 is active, because the only reason KVM
would set the V_IRQ intercept in vmcb02 would be on behalf of L1, i.e.
because of vmcb12. svm_clear_vintr() always operates on (at least)
vmcb01, and VMRUN unconditionally sets GIF=1, which means that
enter_svm_guest_mode() will always do svm_clear_vintr() via
svm_set_gif(svm, true). I.e. KVM will keep the VM-wide inhibit set until
control transfers back to L1 *and* an interrupt window is triggered.
If L1 is not intercepting IRQs, KVM may immediately inject L1's ExtINT
into L2 if IRQs are enabled in L2 without taking an interrupt window
interception.
Address this by clearing the IRQ window inhibit when KVM actually
injects an interrupt and there are no further injectable interrupts.
That way, if L1 isn't intercepting IRQs, KVM will drop the inhibit as
soon as an interrupt is injected into L2. And if L1 is intercepting
IRQs, KVM will keep the inhibit until the IRQ is injected into L2. So,
AVIC won't be left inhibited.
Note, somewhat blindly invoking kvm_clear_apicv_inhibit() is both wrong
and suboptimal. If the IRQWIN inhibit isn't set, then the vCPU will
unnecessarily take apicv_update_lock for write. And if a _different_ vCPU
has an injectable IRQ, clearing IRQWIN may block that vCPU's ability to
inject its IRQ. Defer fixing both issues to a future commit, as fixing
one problem without also fixing the other would also leave KVM in a
temporarily bad state, as would fixing both issues without fixing _this_
bug. I.e. it's not feasible to fix each bug independently without there
being some remaining flaw in KVM.
Co-developed-by: Naveen N Rao (AMD) <naveen@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Naveen N Rao (AMD) <naveen@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Naveen N Rao (AMD) <naveen@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260123224514.2509129-2-seanjc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
SVM module parameters such as avic, sev_enabled, npt_enabled, and
pause_filter_thresh are configured exclusively during initialization
(via kernel command line) and remain constant throughout runtime.
Additionally, sev_supported_vmsa_features and svm_gp_erratum_intercept,
while not exposed as module parameters, share the same initialization
pattern and runtime constancy.
Mark these variables with '__ro_after_init' to:
- Harden against accidental or malicious runtime modification
- Enable compiler and CPU optimizations (improved caching, branch prediction)
- Align with kernel security best practices for init-only configuration
The exception is 'iopm_base', which retains '__read_mostly' as it requires
updates during module unloading.
Suggested-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Li RongQing <lirongqing@baidu.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260202095004.1765-1-lirongqing@baidu.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
* Make sure we don't leak any S1POE state from guest to guest when
the feature is supported on the HW, but not enabled on the host
* Propagate the ID registers from the host into non-protected VMs
managed by pKVM, ensuring that the guest sees the intended feature set
* Drop double kern_hyp_va() from unpin_host_sve_state(), which could
bite us if we were to change kern_hyp_va() to not being idempotent
* Don't leak stage-2 mappings in protected mode
* Correctly align the faulting address when dealing with single page
stage-2 mappings for PAGE_SIZE > 4kB
* Fix detection of virtualisation-capable GICv5 IRS, due to the
maintainer being obviously fat fingered... [his words, not mine]
* Remove duplication of code retrieving the ASID for the purpose of
S1 PT handling
* Fix slightly abusive const-ification in vgic_set_kvm_info()
Generic:
* Remove internal Kconfigs that are now set on all architectures.
* Remove per-architecture code to enable KVM_CAP_SYNC_MMU, all
architectures finally enable it in Linux 7.0.
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Merge tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm
Pull kvm fixes from Paolo Bonzini:
"Arm:
- Make sure we don't leak any S1POE state from guest to guest when
the feature is supported on the HW, but not enabled on the host
- Propagate the ID registers from the host into non-protected VMs
managed by pKVM, ensuring that the guest sees the intended feature
set
- Drop double kern_hyp_va() from unpin_host_sve_state(), which could
bite us if we were to change kern_hyp_va() to not being idempotent
- Don't leak stage-2 mappings in protected mode
- Correctly align the faulting address when dealing with single page
stage-2 mappings for PAGE_SIZE > 4kB
- Fix detection of virtualisation-capable GICv5 IRS, due to the
maintainer being obviously fat fingered... [his words, not mine]
- Remove duplication of code retrieving the ASID for the purpose of
S1 PT handling
- Fix slightly abusive const-ification in vgic_set_kvm_info()
Generic:
- Remove internal Kconfigs that are now set on all architectures
- Remove per-architecture code to enable KVM_CAP_SYNC_MMU, all
architectures finally enable it in Linux 7.0"
* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm:
KVM: always define KVM_CAP_SYNC_MMU
KVM: remove CONFIG_KVM_GENERIC_MMU_NOTIFIER
KVM: arm64: Deduplicate ASID retrieval code
irqchip/gic-v5: Fix inversion of IRS_IDR0.virt flag
KVM: arm64: Revert accidental drop of kvm_uninit_stage2_mmu() for non-NV VMs
KVM: arm64: Fix protected mode handling of pages larger than 4kB
KVM: arm64: vgic: Handle const qualifier from gic_kvm_info allocation type
KVM: arm64: Remove redundant kern_hyp_va() in unpin_host_sve_state()
KVM: arm64: Fix ID register initialization for non-protected pKVM guests
KVM: arm64: Optimise away S1POE handling when not supported by host
KVM: arm64: Hide S1POE from guests when not supported by the host
The deferred page initialization prevents debug objects from allocating
slab pages until the initialization is complete. That causes depletion of
the pool and disabling of debugobjects.
The reason is that debugobjects uses __GFP_HIGH for allocations as it might
be invoked from arbitrary contexts. When PREEMPT_COUNT is disabled there is
no way to know whether the context is safe to set __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM.
This worked until v6.18. Since then allocations w/o a reclaim flag cause
new_slab() to end up in alloc_frozen_pages_nolock_noprof(), which returns
early when deferred page initialization has not yet completed.
Work around that when PREEMPT_COUNT is enabled as the preempt counter
allows debugobjects to add __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM to the GFP flags when the
context is preemtible. When PREEMPT_COUNT is disabled the context is
unknown and the reclaim bit can't be set because the caller might hold
locks which might deadlock in the allocator.
That makes debugobjects depend on PREEMPT_COUNT || !DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT,
which limits the coverage slightly, but keeps it functional for most cases.
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Merge tag 'core-debugobjects-2026-03-01' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull debugobjects fix from Thomas Gleixner:
"A single fix for debugobjects.
The deferred page initialization prevents debug objects from
allocating slab pages until the initialization is complete. That
causes depletion of the pool and disabling of debugobjects.
The reason is that debugobjects uses __GFP_HIGH for allocations as it
might be invoked from arbitrary contexts. When PREEMPT_COUNT is
disabled there is no way to know whether the context is safe to set
__GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM.
This worked until v6.18. Since then allocations w/o a reclaim flag
cause new_slab() to end up in alloc_frozen_pages_nolock_noprof(),
which returns early when deferred page initialization has not yet
completed.
Work around that when PREEMPT_COUNT is enabled as the preempt counter
allows debugobjects to add __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM to the GFP flags when
the context is preemtible. When PREEMPT_COUNT is disabled the context
is unknown and the reclaim bit can't be set because the caller might
hold locks which might deadlock in the allocator.
That makes debugobjects depend on PREEMPT_COUNT ||
!DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT, which limits the coverage slightly, but
keeps it functional for most cases"
* tag 'core-debugobjects-2026-03-01' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
debugobject: Make it work with deferred page initialization - again
- Fix speculative safety in fred_extint()
- Fix __WARN_printf() trap in early_fixup_exception()
- Fix clang-build boot bug for unusual alignments,
triggered by CONFIG_DEBUG_FORCE_FUNCTION_ALIGN_64B=y
- Replace the final few __ASSEMBLY__ stragglers that snuck
in lately into non-UAPI x86 headers and use __ASSEMBLER__
consistently (again).
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'x86-urgent-2026-03-01' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull x86 fixes from Ingo Molnar:
- Fix speculative safety in fred_extint()
- Fix __WARN_printf() trap in early_fixup_exception()
- Fix clang-build boot bug for unusual alignments, triggered by
CONFIG_DEBUG_FORCE_FUNCTION_ALIGN_64B=y
- Replace the final few __ASSEMBLY__ stragglers that snuck in lately
into non-UAPI x86 headers and use __ASSEMBLER__ consistently (again)
* tag 'x86-urgent-2026-03-01' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/headers: Replace __ASSEMBLY__ stragglers with __ASSEMBLER__
x86/cfi: Fix CFI rewrite for odd alignments
x86/bug: Handle __WARN_printf() trap in early_fixup_exception()
x86/fred: Correct speculative safety in fred_extint()
for the common HZ=100, 250 or 1000 cases, only inlining them
for odd HZ values like HZ=300.
The inlining overhead showed up in performance tests of the TCP code.
(Marked as an RFC pull request, as it's not a regression.)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'timers-urgent-2026-03-01' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull timer fix from Ingo Molnar:
"Improve the inlining of jiffies_to_msecs() and jiffies_to_usecs(), for
the common HZ=100, 250 or 1000 cases. Only use a function call for odd
HZ values like HZ=300 that generate more code.
The function call overhead showed up in performance tests of the TCP
code"
* tag 'timers-urgent-2026-03-01' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
time/jiffies: Inline jiffies_to_msecs() and jiffies_to_usecs()
- Fix zero_vruntime tracking when there's a single task running
- Fix slice protection logic
- Fix the ->vprot logic for reniced tasks
- Fix lag clamping in mixed slice workloads
- Fix objtool uaccess warning (and bug) in the
!CONFIG_RSEQ_SLICE_EXTENSION case caused by unexpected
un-inlining, which triggers with older compilers
- Fix a comment in the rseq registration rseq_size bound check code
- Fix a legacy RSEQ ABI quirk that handled 32-byte area sizes
differently, which special size we now reached naturally and
want to avoid. The visible ugliness of the new reserved field
will be avoided the next time the RSEQ area is extended.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'sched-urgent-2026-03-01' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull scheduler fixes from Ingo Molnar:
- Fix zero_vruntime tracking when there's a single task running
- Fix slice protection logic
- Fix the ->vprot logic for reniced tasks
- Fix lag clamping in mixed slice workloads
- Fix objtool uaccess warning (and bug) in the
!CONFIG_RSEQ_SLICE_EXTENSION case caused by unexpected un-inlining,
which triggers with older compilers
- Fix a comment in the rseq registration rseq_size bound check code
- Fix a legacy RSEQ ABI quirk that handled 32-byte area sizes
differently, which special size we now reached naturally and want to
avoid. The visible ugliness of the new reserved field will be avoided
the next time the RSEQ area is extended.
* tag 'sched-urgent-2026-03-01' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
rseq: slice ext: Ensure rseq feature size differs from original rseq size
rseq: Clarify rseq registration rseq_size bound check comment
sched/core: Fix wakeup_preempt's next_class tracking
rseq: Mark rseq_arm_slice_extension_timer() __always_inline
sched/fair: Fix lag clamp
sched/eevdf: Update se->vprot in reweight_entity()
sched/fair: Only set slice protection at pick time
sched/fair: Fix zero_vruntime tracking
- Fix lock ordering bug found by lockdep in perf_event_wakeup()
- Fix uncore counter enumeration on Granite Rapids and Sierra Forest
- Fix perf_mmap() refcount bug found by Syzkaller
- Fix __perf_event_overflow() vs. perf_remove_from_context() race
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'perf-urgent-2026-03-01' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull perf events fixes from Ingo Molnar:
- Fix lock ordering bug found by lockdep in perf_event_wakeup()
- Fix uncore counter enumeration on Granite Rapids and Sierra Forest
- Fix perf_mmap() refcount bug found by Syzkaller
- Fix __perf_event_overflow() vs perf_remove_from_context() race
* tag 'perf-urgent-2026-03-01' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
perf: Fix __perf_event_overflow() vs perf_remove_from_context() race
perf/core: Fix refcount bug and potential UAF in perf_mmap
perf/x86/intel/uncore: Add per-scheduler IMC CAS count events
perf/core: Fix invalid wait context in ctx_sched_in()
version to use the new CONFIG_WARN_CONTEXT_ANALYSIS feature.
In particular this avoids the widely used Android clang 22.0.1
pre-release build which is known to be broken for this usecase.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'locking-urgent-2026-03-01' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull locking fix from Ingo Molnar:
"Now that LLVM 22 has been released officially, require a release
version to use the new CONFIG_WARN_CONTEXT_ANALYSIS feature.
In particular this avoids the widely used Android clang 22.0.1
pre-release build which is known to be broken for this usecase"
* tag 'locking-urgent-2026-03-01' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
lib/Kconfig.debug: Require a release version of LLVM 22 for context analysis
- Fix frozen interrupt bug in the sifive-plic driver
- Limit per-device MSI interrupts on uncommon gic-v3-its
hardware variants
- Address Sparse warning by constifying a variable in
the MMP driver
- Revert broken commit and also fix an error check
in the ls-extirq driver
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'irq-urgent-2026-03-01' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull irqchip driver fixes from Ingo Molnar:
- Fix frozen interrupt bug in the sifive-plic driver
- Limit per-device MSI interrupts on uncommon gic-v3-its hardware
variants
- Address Sparse warning by constifying a variable in the MMP driver
- Revert broken commit and also fix an error check in the ls-extirq
driver
* tag 'irq-urgent-2026-03-01' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
irqchip/ls-extirq: Fix devm_of_iomap() error check
Revert "irqchip/ls-extirq: Use for_each_of_imap_item iterator"
irqchip/mmp: Make icu_irq_chip variable static const
irqchip/gic-v3-its: Limit number of per-device MSIs to the range the ITS supports
irqchip/sifive-plic: Fix frozen interrupt due to affinity setting
All changes in drivers (well technically ses is enclosure services,
but its change is minor). The biggest is the write combining change
in lpfc followed by the additional NULL checks in mpi3mr.
Signed-off-by: James E.J. Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
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Merge tag 'scsi-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jejb/scsi
Pull SCSI fixes from James Bottomley:
"All changes in drivers (well technically SES is enclosure services,
but its change is minor). The biggest is the write combining change in
lpfc followed by the additional NULL checks in mpi3mr"
* tag 'scsi-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jejb/scsi:
scsi: ufs: core: Fix shift out of bounds when MAXQ=32
scsi: ufs: core: Move link recovery for hibern8 exit failure to wl_resume
scsi: ufs: core: Fix possible NULL pointer dereference in ufshcd_add_command_trace()
scsi: snic: MAINTAINERS: Update snic maintainers
scsi: snic: Remove unused linkstatus
scsi: pm8001: Fix use-after-free in pm8001_queue_command()
scsi: mpi3mr: Add NULL checks when resetting request and reply queues
scsi: ufs: core: Reset urgent_bkops_lvl to allow runtime PM power mode
scsi: ses: Fix devices attaching to different hosts
scsi: ufs: core: Fix RPMB region size detection for UFS 2.2
scsi: storvsc: Fix scheduling while atomic on PREEMPT_RT
scsi: lpfc: Properly set WC for DPP mapping
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Merge tag 'bpf-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf
Pull bpf fixes from Alexei Starovoitov:
- Fix alignment of arm64 JIT buffer to prevent atomic tearing (Fuad
Tabba)
- Fix invariant violation for single value tnums in the verifier
(Harishankar Vishwanathan, Paul Chaignon)
- Fix a bunch of issues found by ASAN in selftests/bpf (Ihor Solodrai)
- Fix race in devmpa and cpumap on PREEMPT_RT (Jiayuan Chen)
- Fix show_fdinfo of kprobe_multi when cookies are not present (Jiri
Olsa)
- Fix race in freeing special fields in BPF maps to prevent memory
leaks (Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi)
- Fix OOB read in dmabuf_collector (T.J. Mercier)
* tag 'bpf-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf: (36 commits)
selftests/bpf: Avoid simplification of crafted bounds test
selftests/bpf: Test refinement of single-value tnum
bpf: Improve bounds when tnum has a single possible value
bpf: Introduce tnum_step to step through tnum's members
bpf: Fix race in devmap on PREEMPT_RT
bpf: Fix race in cpumap on PREEMPT_RT
selftests/bpf: Add tests for special fields races
bpf: Retire rcu_trace_implies_rcu_gp() from local storage
bpf: Delay freeing fields in local storage
bpf: Lose const-ness of map in map_check_btf()
bpf: Register dtor for freeing special fields
selftests/bpf: Fix OOB read in dmabuf_collector
selftests/bpf: Fix a memory leak in xdp_flowtable test
bpf: Fix stack-out-of-bounds write in devmap
bpf: Fix kprobe_multi cookies access in show_fdinfo callback
bpf, arm64: Force 8-byte alignment for JIT buffer to prevent atomic tearing
selftests/bpf: Don't override SIGSEGV handler with ASAN
selftests/bpf: Check BPFTOOL env var in detect_bpftool_path()
selftests/bpf: Fix out-of-bounds array access bugs reported by ASAN
selftests/bpf: Fix array bounds warning in jit_disasm_helpers
...
- Do not register imx_clk_scu_driver in imx8qxp_clk_probe(); besides
fixing two other issues, this avoids a deadlock in combination with
commit dc23806a7c ("driver core: enforce device_lock for
driver_match_device()").
- Move secondary node lookup from device_get_next_child_node() to
fwnode_get_next_child_node(); this avoids issues when users switch
from the device API to the fwnode API.
- Export io_define_{read,write}!() to avoid unused import warnings when
CONFIG_PCI=n.
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Merge tag 'driver-core-7.0-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/driver-core/driver-core
Pull driver core fixes from Danilo Krummrich:
- Do not register imx_clk_scu_driver in imx8qxp_clk_probe(); besides
fixing two other issues, this avoids a deadlock in combination with
commit dc23806a7c ("driver core: enforce device_lock for
driver_match_device()")
- Move secondary node lookup from device_get_next_child_node() to
fwnode_get_next_child_node(); this avoids issues when users switch
from the device API to the fwnode API
- Export io_define_{read,write}!() to avoid unused import warnings when
CONFIG_PCI=n
* tag 'driver-core-7.0-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/driver-core/driver-core:
clk: scu/imx8qxp: do not register driver in probe()
rust: io: macro_export io_define_read!() and io_define_write!()
device property: Allow secondary lookup in fwnode_get_next_child_node()
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Merge tag 'v7.0rc1-smb3-client-fixes' of git://git.samba.org/sfrench/cifs-2.6
Pull smb client fixes from Steve French:
- Two multichannel fixes
- Locking fix for superblock flags
- Fix to remove debug message that could log password
- Cleanup fix for setting credentials
* tag 'v7.0rc1-smb3-client-fixes' of git://git.samba.org/sfrench/cifs-2.6:
smb: client: Use snprintf in cifs_set_cifscreds
smb: client: Don't log plaintext credentials in cifs_set_cifscreds
smb: client: fix broken multichannel with krb5+signing
smb: client: use atomic_t for mnt_cifs_flags
smb: client: fix cifs_pick_channel when channels are equally loaded
