linux/kernel/bpf
Florent Revest (Anthropic) 17637e1a58
bpf: Skip detached progs in trampoline images that are still in use
bpf_tramp_image_put() makes sure a trampoline image is not freed while
a task may still be running in it, but nothing similar is done for the
progs called by that image. Detach drops the last prog reference right
away and the prog is freed after grace periods, on the basis that a
task still in the traced function skips the fexit progs once the nop at
ip_after_call is patched to a jump.

That leaves out a task sleeping in a sleepable prog that runs before
the detached one, which no grace period waits for:

  CPU 0                               CPU 1
  in image I, sleeping in prog S
                                      detach P from I's trampoline
                                       -> new image, bpf_tramp_image_put(I)
                                      bpf_prog_put(P), last ref
                                      grace periods, P freed
  back from S
  __bpf_prog_enter(P)
  call P->bpf_func

If S and P are fexit progs the task is already past the patched jump,
and fentry only images don't have one. On x86 this is an int3 in
poisoned bpf_prog_pack memory:

  Oops: int3: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI
  CPU: 18 UID: 0 PID: 94573 Comm: x169 Not tainted 6.18.44 #1 PREEMPT(lazy)
  RIP: 0010:0xffffffffc0601d8d
  Call Trace:
   <TASK>
   ? bpf_trampoline_6442515411+0x1a4/0x21b
   bpf_lsm_bprm_committed_creds+0x5/0x10
   security_bprm_committed_creds+0x5f/0x70
   begin_new_exec+0x2d6/0x410
   ...

We hit this in production when progs attached through trampolines got
detached while their hooks were busy, and it was independently found
with a fuzzer and KASAN.

Have the JITs emit a patchable nop in front of each prog call sequence
and record it in the image. When a prog is detached, patch its nop to a
jump over the call sequence. Progs that stay attached keep running for
the tasks that are in the image, and ip_after_call isn't needed anymore.

The task can be in any image that isn't freed yet, not only in the
current one. It sleeps in image I1 that calls S, P and Q, then P is
detached and the trampoline moves to image I2, then Q is detached and
its call is still in I1. So the trampoline keeps a list of its images
until they are freed, and detaching a prog patches its nop in all of
them. Images hold a reference on the trampoline for that long.

On riscv and loongarch a jump of any range takes several instructions,
and a task preempted in the middle of them could resume into half of the
new sequence. The nop is a single instruction there, patched to a near
branch through arch_bpf_trampoline_skip().

With the extra nops, BPF_MAX_TRAMP_LINKS progs no longer fit in a page
on x86 and arm64 (and already didn't on powerpc), so lower the limit
there like s390 does.

Fixes: e21aa34178 ("bpf: Fix fexit trampoline.")
Reported-by: Sechang Lim <rhkrqnwk98@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Florent Revest (Anthropic) <florent.revest@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260926135605.1217928-3-florent.revest@linux.dev
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260815071927.147049-1-zirajs7@gmail.com/
2026-09-29 05:54:16 +00:00
..
preload umd: Remove usermode driver framework 2025-07-26 21:03:04 +02:00
arena.c bpf: Mark existing lock-safe kfuncs with KF_SPINLOCK_SAFE 2026-08-06 10:58:04 +02:00
arraymap.c bpf: Fix percpu map update indexing with sparse CPU IDs 2026-08-21 10:41:27 -07:00
backtrack.c bpf: backtracking shouldn't clear outer frame R1-R5 for callbacks 2026-09-02 11:13:21 -07:00
bloom_filter.c bpf: Harden bloom filter sizing and indexing on 32-bit kernels 2026-08-05 11:45:20 -07:00
bpf_cgrp_storage.c bpf: Remove gfp_flags plumbing from bpf_local_storage_update() 2026-04-10 21:22:32 -07:00
bpf_inode_storage.c bpf: Reject BPF_MAP_TYPE_INODE_STORAGE creation if BPF LSM is uninitialized 2026-06-30 16:31:56 +02:00
bpf_insn_array.c bpf: Lose const-ness of map in map_check_btf() 2026-02-27 15:39:00 -08:00
bpf_iter.c bpf: Reject non-scalar bpf_loop iteration counts 2026-09-05 20:50:13 -07:00
bpf_local_storage.c bpf: Remove gfp_flags plumbing from bpf_local_storage_update() 2026-04-10 21:22:32 -07:00
bpf_lru_list.c bpf: Fix NMI/tracepoint re-entry deadlock on lru locks 2026-06-07 18:46:13 -07:00
bpf_lru_list.h bpf: Fix NMI/tracepoint re-entry deadlock on lru locks 2026-06-07 18:46:13 -07:00
bpf_lsm_proto.c bpf: annotate file argument as __nullable in bpf_lsm_mmap_file 2025-12-21 10:56:33 -08:00
bpf_lsm.c bpf: Rename ARG_CONST_SIZE{,_OR_ZERO} to ARG_MEM_SIZE{,_OR_ZERO} 2026-08-03 00:29:14 +02:00
bpf_struct_ops.c bpf: Support __arena and __arena__nullable on struct_ops arguments 2026-08-08 03:03:26 -07:00
bpf_task_storage.c bpf: Remove gfp_flags plumbing from bpf_local_storage_update() 2026-04-10 21:22:32 -07:00
btf_iter.c
btf_relocate.c
btf.c bpf: Bound ownership depth through local kptrs and graph roots 2026-09-19 05:26:43 +00:00
cfg.c bpf: don't rewrite bpf_fastcall patterns entered by a jump 2026-09-03 18:55:40 -07:00
cgroup_iter.c bpf: add new BPF_CGROUP_ITER_CHILDREN control option 2026-01-27 09:05:54 -08:00
cgroup.c bpf: Reject negative optlen in cgroup getsockopt hook 2026-08-17 11:33:29 +02:00
check_btf.c bpf: Apply CO-RE relocations before subprogram validation 2026-09-17 18:01:42 -07:00
cnum_defs.h bpf: Export cnum_umin/umax() helpers for netronome driver 2026-04-27 10:09:48 -07:00
cnum.c bpf: representation and basic operations on circular numbers 2026-04-24 18:14:17 -07:00
const_fold.c bpf: Introduce global percpu data 2026-08-13 10:27:40 -07:00
core.c bpf: Fix overflow of jump offset in constant blinding 2026-09-25 04:43:27 +02:00
cpumap.c bpf: Add missing XDP_ABORTED handling in cpumap 2026-03-03 08:37:21 -08:00
cpumask.c bpf: Require a BPF cpumask for bpf_cpumask_populate() 2026-07-12 01:52:36 +02:00
crypto.c bpf: Check params size before reading reserved fields 2026-09-19 23:25:17 +00:00
devmap.c bpf: Run generic devmap egress prog on private skb 2026-06-12 18:21:01 -07:00
diagnostics.c treewide: refresh kmalloc_obj() conversions 2026-09-04 21:37:00 -07:00
diagnostics.h bpf: Report Policy helper and kfunc errors 2026-08-15 11:15:17 -07:00
disasm.c bpf: update disasm.c to print BPF_PROBE_ATOMIC as atomics 2026-09-03 18:54:45 -07:00
disasm.h
dispatcher.c bpf: dispatcher: Allocate bpf_dispatcher->rw_image with vzalloc() 2026-07-22 17:26:39 +02:00
dmabuf_iter.c bpf: Fix truncated dmabuf iterator reads 2025-12-09 23:48:34 -08:00
fixups.c bpf: Make post-verification instruction rewrites killable 2026-09-17 18:01:42 -07:00
hashtab.c bpf: Hold map BTF for the memory allocator destructor record 2026-09-25 17:29:04 +00:00
helpers.c bpf: Require CAP_PERFMON for kfuncs reading memory 2026-09-10 16:55:47 -07:00
inode.c bpf-next-7.2 2026-06-17 09:18:14 +01:00
Kconfig bpf: Update the bpf_prog_calc_tag to use SHA256 2025-09-18 19:10:20 -07:00
kmem_cache_iter.c
link_iter.c bpf: Clean up individual BTF_ID code 2025-07-16 18:34:42 -07:00
liveness.c treewide: refresh kmalloc_obj() conversions 2026-09-04 21:37:00 -07:00
local_storage.c bpf: Fix percpu map update indexing with sparse CPU IDs 2026-08-21 10:41:27 -07:00
log.c treewide: refresh kmalloc_obj() conversions 2026-09-04 21:37:00 -07:00
lpm_trie.c bpf: Allow LPM map access from sleepable BPF programs 2026-06-09 12:42:22 -07:00
Makefile bpf: Add verifier diagnostics report helpers 2026-08-15 11:11:16 -07:00
map_in_map.c bpf: Reject exclusive maps as inner maps in map-in-map 2026-06-01 18:36:40 -07:00
map_in_map.h
map_iter.c bpf: Implement iteration ops for resizable hashtab 2026-06-05 08:00:08 -07:00
memalloc.c bpf: Fix UAF due to concurrent consumption of ttrace lists in alloc_bulk 2026-09-13 19:37:20 -07:00
mmap_unlock_work.h bpf: Fix mmap_lock leak in irq_work path 2026-08-08 10:25:36 +02:00
mprog.c
net_namespace.c bpf: Fix potential UAF in bpf_netns_link_update_prog 2026-07-30 15:28:46 -07:00
offload.c bpf: Reject dev-bound-only programs on other devices 2026-09-23 02:19:02 +00:00
percpu_freelist.c bpf: Fix infinite loop in pcpu_freelist push with one possible CPU 2026-08-20 20:44:16 +02:00
percpu_freelist.h bpf: Fix infinite loop in pcpu_freelist push with one possible CPU 2026-08-20 20:44:16 +02:00
prog_iter.c bpf: Clean up individual BTF_ID code 2025-07-16 18:34:42 -07:00
queue_stack_maps.c bpf: Drop duplicate blank lines in kernel/bpf/ 2026-08-13 10:27:40 -07:00
range_tree.c bpf: arena: Reintroduce memcg accounting 2026-01-02 14:31:59 -08:00
range_tree.h
relo_core.c
reuseport_array.c
ringbuf.c bpf: Fix available-data accounting on 32-bit wrap in overwrite mode 2026-08-14 15:20:37 -07:00
rqspinlock.c Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf 7.2-rc7 2026-08-07 23:04:17 +02:00
rqspinlock.h
stackmap.c bpf: Mark faultable stack helpers as sleepable 2026-09-03 19:22:52 -07:00
states.c bpf: Compare stack frames in regs_exact() 2026-09-19 05:25:14 +00:00
stream.c bpf: Add bpf_stream_print_stack stack dumping kfunc 2026-02-03 10:41:16 -08:00
syscall.c bpf: Wait for an RCU tasks grace period before freeing trampoline progs 2026-09-29 05:54:16 +00:00
sysfs_btf.c Driver core changes for 6.17-rc1 2025-07-29 12:15:39 -07:00
task_iter.c bpf: Fix mmap_lock leak in irq_work path 2026-08-08 10:25:36 +02:00
tcx.c treewide: Replace kmalloc with kmalloc_obj for non-scalar types 2026-02-21 01:02:28 -08:00
tnum.c bpf: Simplify tnum_step() 2026-03-24 08:45:29 -07:00
token.c treewide: Replace kmalloc with kmalloc_obj for non-scalar types 2026-02-21 01:02:28 -08:00
trampoline.c bpf: Skip detached progs in trampoline images that are still in use 2026-09-29 05:54:16 +00:00
verifier.c bpf: Prevent variable arena/non-arena register contents 2026-09-22 19:34:04 +00:00