mirror of
https://github.com/blshaer/python-by-example.git
synced 2026-03-27 23:29:25 +01:00
224 lines
6.8 KiB
Python
224 lines
6.8 KiB
Python
"""
|
|
================================================================================
|
|
File: 01_print.py
|
|
Topic: The print() Function in Python
|
|
================================================================================
|
|
|
|
This file demonstrates the print() function, which is used to display output
|
|
to the console. It's one of the most fundamental functions in Python and
|
|
essential for debugging and displaying information.
|
|
|
|
Key Concepts:
|
|
- Basic printing
|
|
- Multiple arguments
|
|
- Separators and end characters
|
|
- Formatted strings (f-strings)
|
|
- Escape characters
|
|
|
|
================================================================================
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# 1. Simple Output
|
|
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# The most basic use of print()
|
|
|
|
print("--- Simple Output ---")
|
|
|
|
print("Hello, World!")
|
|
print("Welcome to Python!")
|
|
print("Learning is fun!")
|
|
|
|
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# 2. Printing Different Data Types
|
|
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# print() can output any data type
|
|
|
|
print("\n--- Different Data Types ---")
|
|
|
|
print(42) # Integer
|
|
print(3.14159) # Float
|
|
print(True) # Boolean
|
|
print(None) # NoneType
|
|
print([1, 2, 3]) # List
|
|
print({"a": 1}) # Dictionary
|
|
|
|
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# 3. Printing Multiple Items
|
|
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# Pass multiple arguments separated by commas
|
|
|
|
print("\n--- Multiple Items ---")
|
|
|
|
print("Hello", "World")
|
|
print("Python", "is", "awesome")
|
|
print("Name:", "Baraa", "| Age:", 25)
|
|
print(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
|
|
|
|
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# 4. The sep Parameter
|
|
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# sep defines what goes between multiple items (default is space)
|
|
|
|
print("\n--- Separator Parameter ---")
|
|
|
|
print("Python", "Java", "C++", sep=", ")
|
|
print("2025", "01", "15", sep="-") # Date format
|
|
print("192", "168", "1", "1", sep=".") # IP address
|
|
print("apple", "banana", "cherry", sep=" | ")
|
|
print("a", "b", "c", sep="") # No separator
|
|
|
|
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# 5. The end Parameter
|
|
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# end defines what goes at the end (default is newline \n)
|
|
|
|
print("\n--- End Parameter ---")
|
|
|
|
print("Loading", end="")
|
|
print("...", end="")
|
|
print(" Done!")
|
|
|
|
print("First line", end=" --> ")
|
|
print("Second line")
|
|
|
|
# Creating a progress bar effect
|
|
print("\nProgress: ", end="")
|
|
for i in range(5):
|
|
print("█", end="")
|
|
print(" Complete!")
|
|
|
|
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# 6. Variables in Print
|
|
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# Print variable values
|
|
|
|
print("\n--- Variables ---")
|
|
|
|
name = "Baraa"
|
|
age = 25
|
|
city = "Gaza"
|
|
is_student = True
|
|
|
|
print("Name:", name)
|
|
print("Age:", age)
|
|
print("City:", city)
|
|
print("Student:", is_student)
|
|
|
|
# Print with variable calculations
|
|
x = 10
|
|
y = 5
|
|
print("Sum:", x + y)
|
|
print("Product:", x * y)
|
|
|
|
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# 7. String Formatting - f-strings (Recommended)
|
|
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# Modern way to embed variables in strings (Python 3.6+)
|
|
|
|
print("\n--- f-strings (Formatted String Literals) ---")
|
|
|
|
name = "Baraa"
|
|
age = 25
|
|
height = 1.75
|
|
|
|
print(f"My name is {name}")
|
|
print(f"I am {age} years old")
|
|
print(f"Next year I'll be {age + 1}")
|
|
|
|
# Formatting numbers
|
|
pi = 3.14159265359
|
|
print(f"Pi to 2 decimals: {pi:.2f}")
|
|
print(f"Pi to 4 decimals: {pi:.4f}")
|
|
|
|
# Padding and alignment
|
|
print(f"{'Left':<10}|{'Center':^10}|{'Right':>10}")
|
|
print(f"{1:<10}|{2:^10}|{3:>10}")
|
|
|
|
# Currency formatting
|
|
price = 1234.567
|
|
print(f"Price: ${price:,.2f}")
|
|
|
|
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# 8. String Formatting - Other Methods
|
|
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# Alternative formatting methods
|
|
|
|
print("\n--- Other Formatting Methods ---")
|
|
|
|
# .format() method
|
|
name = "Alice"
|
|
age = 30
|
|
print("Hello, {}! You are {} years old.".format(name, age))
|
|
print("Hello, {0}! You are {1} years old.".format(name, age))
|
|
print("Hello, {n}! You are {a} years old.".format(n=name, a=age))
|
|
|
|
# % operator (older style)
|
|
print("Hello, %s! You are %d years old." % (name, age))
|
|
|
|
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# 9. Escape Characters
|
|
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# Special characters using backslash \
|
|
|
|
print("\n--- Escape Characters ---")
|
|
|
|
print("Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3") # \n = newline
|
|
print("Column1\tColumn2\tColumn3") # \t = tab
|
|
print("She said: \"Hello!\"") # \" = quote
|
|
print('It\'s a beautiful day') # \' = apostrophe
|
|
print("Path: C:\\Users\\Documents") # \\ = backslash
|
|
print("Bell sound: \a") # \a = bell (may not work)
|
|
|
|
# Raw strings - ignore escape characters
|
|
print("\nRaw string:")
|
|
print(r"C:\Users\Baraa\Desktop") # r prefix for raw string
|
|
|
|
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# 10. Multi-line Printing
|
|
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
print("\n--- Multi-line Strings ---")
|
|
|
|
# Using triple quotes
|
|
message = """
|
|
This is a multi-line message.
|
|
It spans across several lines.
|
|
Very useful for long text!
|
|
"""
|
|
print(message)
|
|
|
|
# ASCII art example
|
|
print("""
|
|
╔═══════════════════════════╗
|
|
║ Welcome to Python! ║
|
|
║ Let's learn together! ║
|
|
╚═══════════════════════════╝
|
|
""")
|
|
|
|
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# 11. Practical Examples
|
|
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
print("--- Practical Examples ---")
|
|
|
|
# Receipt example
|
|
print("\n========== RECEIPT ==========")
|
|
item1, price1 = "Coffee", 4.99
|
|
item2, price2 = "Sandwich", 8.50
|
|
item3, price3 = "Cookie", 2.25
|
|
total = price1 + price2 + price3
|
|
|
|
print(f"{item1:.<20}${price1:.2f}")
|
|
print(f"{item2:.<20}${price2:.2f}")
|
|
print(f"{item3:.<20}${price3:.2f}")
|
|
print("=" * 30)
|
|
print(f"{'TOTAL':.<20}${total:.2f}")
|
|
|
|
# Table example
|
|
print("\n| Name | Age | City |")
|
|
print("|----------|-----|------------|")
|
|
print(f"| {'Alice':<8} | {25:<3} | {'New York':<10} |")
|
|
print(f"| {'Bob':<8} | {30:<3} | {'London':<10} |")
|
|
print(f"| {'Charlie':<8} | {35:<3} | {'Tokyo':<10} |")
|