n8n/packages/testing/containers

n8n Test Containers

A composable container stack for n8n testing. Describe what you need, it builds the environment.

Quick Start

#build the container
pnpm build:docker

alternatively, you can set N8N_DOCKER_IMAGE=n8nio/n8n:latest

# Basic n8n (SQLite)
pnpm stack

# With PostgreSQL
pnpm stack --postgres

# Queue mode (Redis + PostgreSQL + worker)
pnpm stack --queue

# Multi-main cluster
pnpm stack --mains 2 --workers 1

# Cloud plan simulation
pnpm stack --plan starter

# Public tunnel for webhook testing
pnpm stack --tunnel

When started, you'll see the URL: http://localhost:[port]

Using in Playwright Tests

Basic Test

import { test, expect } from '../fixtures/base';

test('my test', async ({ n8n }) => {
  await n8n.page.goto('/workflow/new');
  // ...
});

Enabling Services

Use test.use() to request services:

// Single service
test.use({
  capability: {
    services: ['mailpit'],
  },
});

// Multiple services
test.use({
  capability: {
    services: ['mailpit', 'keycloak', 'victoriaLogs', 'victoriaMetrics', 'vector'],
  },
});

// Queue mode with services
test.use({
  capability: {
    mains: 2,
    workers: 1,
    services: ['victoriaLogs', 'victoriaMetrics', 'vector'],
  },
});

Using Service Helpers

Services provide type-safe helpers via n8nContainer.services.*:

test('email test', async ({ n8nContainer }) => {
  // Wait for email
  const email = await n8nContainer.services.mailpit.waitForMessage({
    to: 'test@example.com',
  });
  expect(email.subject).toBe('Welcome');
});

test('source control', async ({ n8nContainer }) => {
  // Create git repo
  const repo = await n8nContainer.services.gitea.createRepo('my-repo');
  await repo.createBranch('develop');
});

test('metrics', async ({ n8nContainer }) => {
  // Query Prometheus metrics
  const result = await n8nContainer.services.observability.metrics.query('up');
  expect(result[0].value).toBe(1);
});

Capability Shortcuts

Common combinations have shortcuts in fixtures/capabilities.ts:

// Instead of: { services: ['mailpit'] }
test.use({ capability: 'email' });

// Instead of: { services: ['keycloak'] }
test.use({ capability: 'oidc' });

// Instead of: { services: ['gitea'] }
test.use({ capability: 'source-control' });

Architecture

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                        Test Code                             │
│   n8nContainer.services.gitea.createRepo('my-repo')         │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
                              │
                              ▼
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                         N8NStack                             │
│   services: ServiceHelpers  ← Proxy with lazy instantiation │
│   baseUrl, stop(), findContainers()                         │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
                              │
              ┌───────────────┼───────────────┐
              ▼               ▼               ▼
      ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐
      │ GiteaHelper │ │MailpitHelper│ │ Observability│
      └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘
              │               │               │
              ▼               ▼               ▼
      ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐
      │  Container  │ │  Container  │ │  Container  │
      └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘

Key Concepts

Concept	Description
Service	Container definition with start(), optional env(), optional helper
Registry	Central manifest of all services (services/registry.ts)
Stack	Orchestrator that builds the environment from config
Helper	Type-safe API for interacting with a service in tests

Service Activation

Services activate in two ways:

Mode	When	Example
Auto-start	Service has shouldStart() returning true	Redis auto-starts in queue mode
User-enabled	Listed in services: [] array	services: ['mailpit']

Adding a New Service

Do I Need a Helper?

Helpers let tests interact with a service outside of the n8n UI. Ask yourself:

"Will tests need to arrange or assert data in this service directly?"

Scenario	Helper Needed?	Example
Test arrangement - Set up data before test	Yes	Create a git repo before testing source control sync
Test assertion - Verify side effects	Yes	Check an email was sent after workflow execution
Infrastructure only - n8n connects, tests don't	No	PostgreSQL, Redis - n8n uses them, tests don't touch them
Observability - Query metrics/logs	Yes	Assert memory usage, check for error logs

Examples:

// Mailpit helper - ARRANGE: no emails exist, ASSERT: email was sent
const emails = await n8nContainer.services.mailpit.getMessages();
expect(emails).toHaveLength(1);

// Gitea helper - ARRANGE: create repo before test
const repo = await n8nContainer.services.gitea.createRepo('test-repo');
// Now test source control connection via UI

// Observability helper - ASSERT: check metrics after load test
const memory = await n8nContainer.services.observability.metrics.query('process_resident_memory_bytes');
expect(memory[0].value).toBeLessThan(500_000_000);

// Redis/Postgres - no helper needed, n8n connects automatically
// Tests don't need to interact with these directly

Rule of thumb: If you'd otherwise need docker exec or raw HTTP calls in your test, you need a helper.

Minimal Service (No Helper)

1. Create services/my-service.ts:

import { GenericContainer, Wait } from 'testcontainers';
import type { Service, ServiceResult } from './types';

const HOSTNAME = 'myservice';
const PORT = 8080;

export interface MyServiceMeta {
  host: string;
  port: number;
}

export type MyServiceResult = ServiceResult<MyServiceMeta>;

export const myService: Service<MyServiceResult> = {
  description: 'My service description',

  async start(network, projectName) {
    const container = await new GenericContainer('myimage:latest')
      .withNetwork(network)
      .withNetworkAliases(HOSTNAME)
      .withExposedPorts(PORT)
      .withWaitStrategy(Wait.forListeningPorts())
      .withLabels({
        'com.docker.compose.project': projectName,
        'com.docker.compose.service': HOSTNAME,
      })
      .withName(`${projectName}-${HOSTNAME}`)
      .withReuse()
      .start();

    return {
      container,
      meta: { host: HOSTNAME, port: PORT },
    };
  },

  // Optional: env vars for n8n
  env(result) {
    return {
      MY_SERVICE_HOST: result.meta.host,
      MY_SERVICE_PORT: String(result.meta.port),
    };
  },
};

2. Register in services/types.ts and services/registry.ts:

// types.ts - add to SERVICE_NAMES array
export const SERVICE_NAMES = [
  // ...existing
  'myService',
] as const;

// registry.ts - add to services object
import { myService } from './my-service';

export const services: Record<ServiceName, Service<ServiceResult>> = {
  // ...existing
  myService,
};

Done. Use with services: ['myService'] in tests.

Note: The ServiceName type is derived from SERVICE_NAMES, and Record<ServiceName, ...> ensures the registry includes all services. TypeScript will error if they're out of sync.

Service With Helper

Add a helper class and factory to the service file:

// ... service definition from above ...

// Helper class
export class MyServiceHelper {
  constructor(
    private readonly container: StartedTestContainer,
    private readonly meta: MyServiceMeta,
  ) {}

  async doSomething(): Promise<string> {
    // Interact with the service
    const response = await fetch(`http://${this.container.getHost()}:${this.container.getMappedPort(PORT)}/api`);
    return response.text();
  }
}

// Factory function
export function createMyServiceHelper(ctx: HelperContext): MyServiceHelper {
  const result = ctx.serviceResults.myService;
  if (!result) {
    throw new Error('MyService not running. Add services: ["myService"] to test.use()');
  }
  return new MyServiceHelper(result.container, result.meta as MyServiceMeta);
}

// Type registration (enables autocomplete)
declare module './types' {
  interface ServiceHelpers {
    myService: MyServiceHelper;
  }
}

Register in services/types.ts and services/registry.ts:

// types.ts - add to SERVICE_NAMES array
export const SERVICE_NAMES = [
  // ...existing
  'myService',
] as const;

// registry.ts - add service and helper factory
import { myService, createMyServiceHelper } from './my-service';

export const services = { ...existing, myService };
export const helperFactories = { ...existing, myService: createMyServiceHelper };

Use in tests:

test('my test', async ({ n8nContainer }) => {
  const result = await n8nContainer.services.myService.doSomething();
});

Optional: Add Capability Shortcut

In fixtures/capabilities.ts:

export const CAPABILITIES = {
  // ...existing
  'my-capability': { services: ['myService'] },
};

Now usable as test.use({ capability: 'my-capability' }).

Available Services

Service	Helper	Description
postgres	-	PostgreSQL database
redis	-	Redis for queue mode
mailpit	✓	Email testing (SMTP + UI)
gitea	✓	Git server for source control
keycloak	✓	OIDC/SSO provider
victoriaLogs	-	VictoriaLogs for log storage
victoriaMetrics	-	VictoriaMetrics for metrics
vector	-	Vector log collector (depends on victoriaLogs)
tracing	✓	Jaeger for distributed tracing
kafka	✓	Kafka broker for message queue testing
proxy	-	HTTP proxy (MockServer)
taskRunner	-	External task runner
loadBalancer	-	Caddy for multi-main
cloudflared	-	Cloudflare Tunnel for public webhook URLs

Note: For observability (logs + metrics), enable all three: ['victoriaLogs', 'victoriaMetrics', 'vector']. The observability capability shortcut handles this automatically: test.use({ capability: 'observability' }).

CLI Options

Option	Description
--postgres	Use PostgreSQL instead of SQLite
--queue	Enable queue mode (adds Redis + PostgreSQL)
--mains <n>	Number of main instances
--workers <n>	Number of worker instances
--plan <name>	Cloud plan preset (trial, starter, pro-1, pro-2, enterprise)
--name <name>	Custom project name for parallel runs
--env KEY=VALUE	Set environment variables
--observability	Enable metrics/logs stack
--tracing	Enable tracing stack (Jaeger)
--tunnel	Enable Cloudflare Tunnel for public webhook URLs
--oidc	Enable Keycloak
--source-control	Enable Gitea
--mailpit	Enable email testing (Mailpit)

Telemetry

Container stack telemetry tracks startup timing, configuration, and runner info. Useful for monitoring CI performance and debugging slow stacks.

Environment Variables

Variable	Description
QA_METRICS_WEBHOOK_URL	POST telemetry JSON to this URL
CONTAINER_TELEMETRY_VERBOSE	Set to 1 for JSON output to console

What's Collected

{
  timestamp: string;              // ISO timestamp
  git: { sha, branch, pr? };      // Git context from CI env vars
  ci: { runId, job, workflow };   // GitHub Actions context
  runner: { provider, cpuCores, memoryGb };  // github | blacksmith | local
  stack: { type, mains, workers, postgres, services };
  timing: { total, network, n8nStartup, services: Record<string, number> };
  containers: { total, services, n8n };
  success: boolean;
  errorMessage?: string;
}

Usage

# Verbose output locally
CONTAINER_TELEMETRY_VERBOSE=1 pnpm stack

# Send to webhook (CI)
QA_METRICS_WEBHOOK_URL=https://n8n.example.com/webhook/telemetry

Cleanup

# Remove all containers and networks
pnpm stack:clean:all

Tips

• Container Reuse: Set TESTCONTAINERS_REUSE_ENABLE=true for faster restarts
• Parallel Testing: Use --name to run multiple stacks without conflicts
• Custom Image: Set TEST_IMAGE_N8N=n8nio/n8n:dev to use a different image
• Multi-Main: Requires queue mode and license key in N8N_LICENSE_ACTIVATION_KEY
• Using podman: This does not work with podman out of the box - you need to ensure testcontainers is set correctly https://podman-desktop.io/tutorial/testcontainers-with-podman