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Linus Torvalds c270a4218b Arm:
- Fix an accounting buglet when reclaiming pages from a protected guest
 
 - Fix a bunch of architectural compliance issues when injecting a
   synthesised exception, most of which were missing the PSTATE.IL bit
   indicating a 32bit-wide instruction
 
 - Another set of fixes addressing issues with translation of VNCR_EL2,
   including corner cases where the guest point that register at a RO
   page...
 
 - Don't warn when trapping accesses to ZCR_EL2 from an L2 guest, as
   that's not unexpected at all
 
 - Address a bunch of races with LPI migration vs LPIs being disabled
 
 - Fix a total howler of a bug combining FEAT_MOPS and NV, resulting in
   exception returning in the wrong place...
 
 - Move locking for kvm_io_bus_get_dev() into the caller, ensuring
   race-free checks that the returned object is of the correct type
 
 - Fix initialisation of the page-table walk level when relaxing
   permissions
 
 - Correctly update the XN attribute when relaxing permissions
 
 - Fix the sign extension of loads from emulated MMIO regions
 
 - Assorted collection of fixes for pKVM's FFA proxy, together with a
   couple of FFA driver adjustments
 
 - Coerce Fuad Tabba into a reviewer role, and may his Inbox catch fire!
 
 s390:
 
 - more gmap KVM memory management fixes
 
 - PCI passthru fixes
 
 x86:
 
 - Fix a bug where KVM will trigger a UAF if updating IOMMU IRTEs fails when
   registering an IRQ-bypass producer.
 
 - Ignore pending PV EOI instead of BUG()ing the host if the feature was
   disabled by the guest.
 
 - Fix nVMX bugs where KVM would run L1 with an L1-controlled CR3 after a
   failed "late" consistency check when KVM is NOT using EPT.
 
 - Disallow intra-host migration/mirroring of SNP VMs as KVM doesn't yet
   support moving/mirroring SNP state.
 
 - Fix a TOCTOU bug in KVM's handling of the "trusted" CPUID for TDX guests.
 
 - Fix a NULL pointer deref in trace_kvm_inj_exception() where a change to the
   core infrastructure missed KVM's unique (ab)use of __print_symbolic().
 
 - Put vmcs12 pages if nested VM-Enter fails due to invalid guest state
 
 - Fix TLB conflicts between two VMs if one of them VM is run on a CPU before
   and after it is hotplugged.
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Merge tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm

Pull kvm fixes from Paolo Bonzini:
 "arm64:

   - Fix an accounting buglet when reclaiming pages from a protected
     guest

   - Fix a bunch of architectural compliance issues when injecting a
     synthesised exception, most of which were missing the PSTATE.IL bit
     indicating a 32bit-wide instruction

   - Another set of fixes addressing issues with translation of
     VNCR_EL2, including corner cases where the guest point that
     register at a RO page...

   - Don't warn when trapping accesses to ZCR_EL2 from an L2 guest, as
     that's not unexpected at all

   - Address a bunch of races with LPI migration vs LPIs being disabled

   - Fix a total howler of a bug combining FEAT_MOPS and NV, resulting
     in exception returning in the wrong place...

   - Move locking for kvm_io_bus_get_dev() into the caller, ensuring
     race-free checks that the returned object is of the correct type

   - Fix initialisation of the page-table walk level when relaxing
     permissions

   - Correctly update the XN attribute when relaxing permissions

   - Fix the sign extension of loads from emulated MMIO regions

   - Assorted collection of fixes for pKVM's FFA proxy, together with a
     couple of FFA driver adjustments

   - Coerce Fuad Tabba into a reviewer role, and may his Inbox catch
     fire!

  s390:

   - more gmap KVM memory management fixes

   - PCI passthru fixes

  x86:

   - Fix a bug where KVM will trigger a UAF if updating IOMMU IRTEs
     fails when registering an IRQ-bypass producer

   - Ignore pending PV EOI instead of BUG()ing the host if the feature
     was disabled by the guest

   - Fix nVMX bugs where KVM would run L1 with an L1-controlled CR3
     after a failed "late" consistency check when KVM is NOT using EPT

   - Disallow intra-host migration/mirroring of SNP VMs as KVM doesn't
     yet support moving/mirroring SNP state

   - Fix a TOCTOU bug in KVM's handling of the "trusted" CPUID for TDX
     guests

   - Fix a NULL pointer deref in trace_kvm_inj_exception() where a
     change to the core infrastructure missed KVM's unique (ab)use of
     __print_symbolic()

   - Put vmcs12 pages if nested VM-Enter fails due to invalid guest
     state

   - Fix TLB conflicts between two VMs if one of them VM is run on a CPU
     before and after it is hotplugged"

* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: (48 commits)
  KVM: SVM: Bump asid_generation on CPU online to avoid ASID collision after hotplug
  KVM: nVMX: Put vmcs12 pages if nested VM-Enter fails due to invalid guest state
  KVM: x86: Fix null pointer deref due to dummy array in trace_kvm_inj_exception()
  KVM: TDX: Reject concurrent change to CPUID entry count
  KVM: selftests: Verify SNP VMs are rejected from migration and mirroring
  KVM: SEV: Do not allow intra-host migration/mirroring of SNP VMs
  KVM: s390: pci: Fix handling of AIF enable without AISB
  KVM: s390: Improve kvm_s390_vm_stop_migration()
  KVM: s390: Fix dat_crste_walk_range() early return
  KVM: s390: vsie: Avoid potential deadlock with real spaces
  KVM: s390: pci: Fix GISC refcount leak on AIF enable failure
  KVM: nVMX: Don't use vmcs01.GUEST_CR3 to snapshot L1's CR3 when EPT is disabled
  KVM: nVMX: Move vTPR vs. TPR Threshold consistency check into "normal" checks
  KVM: x86: Ignore pending PV EOI if the vCPU has since disabled PV EOIs
  KVM: x86: Nullify irqfd->producer if updating IRTE for bypass fails
  KVM: arm64: Fix propagation of TLBI level in kvm_pgtable_stage2_relax_perms()
  firmware: arm_ffa: Fix Endpoint Memory Access Descriptor offset calculation
  firmware: arm_ffa: Fix out-of-bound writes in ffa_setup_and_transmit()
  KVM: arm64: Zero out the stack initialized data in the FFA handler
  KVM: arm64: Ensure FFA ranges are page aligned
  ...
2026-07-16 07:25:13 -07:00
arch KVM: SVM: Bump asid_generation on CPU online to avoid ASID collision after hotplug 2026-07-16 08:55:03 +02:00
block block: remove redundant GD_NEED_PART_SCAN in add_disk_final() 2026-07-10 09:08:50 -06:00
certs treewide: fix indentation and whitespace in Kconfig files 2026-05-28 21:24:42 -07:00
crypto mm.git review status for mm-hotfixes-stable..mm-nonmm-stable 2026-06-21 13:20:19 -07:00
Documentation A collection of small fixes. All are device-specific fixes (including 2026-07-14 09:18:19 -07:00
drivers Arm: 2026-07-16 07:25:13 -07:00
fs for-7.2-rc3-tag 2026-07-14 09:10:27 -07:00
include KVM/arm64 fixes for 7.2, take #2 2026-07-15 12:13:30 +02:00
init mm.git review status for mm-hotfixes-stable..mm-nonmm-stable 2026-06-21 13:20:19 -07:00
io_uring io_uring-7.2-20260710 2026-07-11 09:24:38 -07:00
ipc kernel-7.2-rc1.misc 2026-06-15 03:05:50 +05:30
kernel cgroup: Fixes for v7.2-rc3 2026-07-13 16:14:06 -07:00
lib linux_kselftest-kunit-fixes-7.2-rc4 2026-07-15 16:48:02 -07:00
LICENSES LICENSES: Add modern form of the LGPL-2.1 tags to the usage guide section 2025-10-22 07:58:19 +02:00
mm mm: do file ownership checks with the proper mount idmap 2026-07-01 19:02:56 -07:00
net NFS Client Bugfixes for Linux 7.2-rc3 2026-07-10 18:15:26 -07:00
rust Rust changes for v7.2 (addendum) 2026-06-24 15:11:08 -07:00
samples tracing fixes for 7.2: 2026-07-12 09:46:37 -07:00
scripts scripts/sorttable: Handle RISC-V patchable ftrace entries 2026-06-25 13:15:03 -06:00
security selinux/stable-7.2 PR 20260710 2026-07-10 18:59:29 -07:00
sound ALSA: usb-audio: Add delay quirk for iBasso DC-Elite 2026-07-13 17:06:20 +02:00
tools Arm: 2026-07-16 07:25:13 -07:00
usr kbuild: uapi: also test UAPI headers against C++ compilers 2026-03-25 13:24:42 +01:00
virt KVM/arm64 fixes for 7.2, take #2 2026-07-15 12:13:30 +02:00
.clang-format clang-format: fix formatting of guard() and scoped_guard() statements 2026-05-28 21:24:41 -07:00
.clippy.toml rust: bump Clippy's MSRV and clean incompatible_msrv allows 2026-04-07 09:51:39 +02:00
.cocciconfig scripts: add Linux .cocciconfig for coccinelle 2016-07-22 12:13:39 +02:00
.editorconfig editorconfig: add rst extension 2026-01-26 19:07:09 -08:00
.get_maintainer.ignore .get_maintainer.ignore: add myself 2026-04-02 16:48:25 +02:00
.gitattributes .gitattributes: set diff driver for Rust source code files 2023-05-31 17:48:25 +02:00
.gitignore SPDX patches for 7.2-rc1 2026-06-22 12:06:22 -07:00
.mailmap 20 hotfixes. 17 are for MM. 12 are cc:stable and the remaining 8 2026-07-06 18:51:36 -07:00
.pylintrc docs: Move the python libraries to tools/lib/python 2025-11-18 09:22:40 -07:00
.rustfmt.toml rust: add .rustfmt.toml 2022-09-28 09:02:20 +02:00
COPYING COPYING: state that all contributions really are covered by this file 2020-02-10 13:32:20 -08:00
CREDITS mm.git review status for mm-hotfixes-stable..mm-nonmm-stable 2026-06-21 13:20:19 -07:00
Kbuild checksyscalls: move instance functionality into generic code 2026-04-05 09:21:32 +02:00
Kconfig io_uring: Rename KConfig to Kconfig 2025-02-19 14:53:27 -07:00
MAINTAINERS Arm: 2026-07-16 07:25:13 -07:00
Makefile Linux 7.2-rc3 2026-07-12 14:16:39 -07:00
README docs: add AI Coding Assistants documentation 2026-01-06 14:55:06 -07:00

Linux kernel
============

The Linux kernel is the core of any Linux operating system. It manages hardware,
system resources, and provides the fundamental services for all other software.

Quick Start
-----------

* Report a bug: See Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-issues.rst
* Get the latest kernel: https://kernel.org
* Build the kernel: See Documentation/admin-guide/quickly-build-trimmed-linux.rst
* Join the community: https://lore.kernel.org/

Essential Documentation
-----------------------

All users should be familiar with:

* Building requirements: Documentation/process/changes.rst
* Code of Conduct: Documentation/process/code-of-conduct.rst
* License: See COPYING

Documentation can be built with make htmldocs or viewed online at:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/


Who Are You?
============

Find your role below:

* New Kernel Developer - Getting started with kernel development
* Academic Researcher - Studying kernel internals and architecture
* Security Expert - Hardening and vulnerability analysis
* Backport/Maintenance Engineer - Maintaining stable kernels
* System Administrator - Configuring and troubleshooting
* Maintainer - Leading subsystems and reviewing patches
* Hardware Vendor - Writing drivers for new hardware
* Distribution Maintainer - Packaging kernels for distros
* AI Coding Assistant - LLMs and AI-powered development tools


For Specific Users
==================

New Kernel Developer
--------------------

Welcome! Start your kernel development journey here:

* Getting Started: Documentation/process/development-process.rst
* Your First Patch: Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst
* Coding Style: Documentation/process/coding-style.rst
* Build System: Documentation/kbuild/index.rst
* Development Tools: Documentation/dev-tools/index.rst
* Kernel Hacking Guide: Documentation/kernel-hacking/hacking.rst
* Core APIs: Documentation/core-api/index.rst

Academic Researcher
-------------------

Explore the kernel's architecture and internals:

* Researcher Guidelines: Documentation/process/researcher-guidelines.rst
* Memory Management: Documentation/mm/index.rst
* Scheduler: Documentation/scheduler/index.rst
* Networking Stack: Documentation/networking/index.rst
* Filesystems: Documentation/filesystems/index.rst
* RCU (Read-Copy Update): Documentation/RCU/index.rst
* Locking Primitives: Documentation/locking/index.rst
* Power Management: Documentation/power/index.rst

Security Expert
---------------

Security documentation and hardening guides:

* Security Documentation: Documentation/security/index.rst
* LSM Development: Documentation/security/lsm-development.rst
* Self Protection: Documentation/security/self-protection.rst
* Reporting Vulnerabilities: Documentation/process/security-bugs.rst
* CVE Procedures: Documentation/process/cve.rst
* Embargoed Hardware Issues: Documentation/process/embargoed-hardware-issues.rst
* Security Features: Documentation/userspace-api/seccomp_filter.rst

Backport/Maintenance Engineer
-----------------------------

Maintain and stabilize kernel versions:

* Stable Kernel Rules: Documentation/process/stable-kernel-rules.rst
* Backporting Guide: Documentation/process/backporting.rst
* Applying Patches: Documentation/process/applying-patches.rst
* Subsystem Profile: Documentation/maintainer/maintainer-entry-profile.rst
* Git for Maintainers: Documentation/maintainer/configure-git.rst

System Administrator
--------------------

Configure, tune, and troubleshoot Linux systems:

* Admin Guide: Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst
* Kernel Parameters: Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst
* Sysctl Tuning: Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/index.rst
* Tracing/Debugging: Documentation/trace/index.rst
* Performance Security: Documentation/admin-guide/perf-security.rst
* Hardware Monitoring: Documentation/hwmon/index.rst

Maintainer
----------

Lead kernel subsystems and manage contributions:

* Maintainer Handbook: Documentation/maintainer/index.rst
* Pull Requests: Documentation/maintainer/pull-requests.rst
* Managing Patches: Documentation/maintainer/modifying-patches.rst
* Rebasing and Merging: Documentation/maintainer/rebasing-and-merging.rst
* Development Process: Documentation/process/maintainer-handbooks.rst
* Maintainer Entry Profile: Documentation/maintainer/maintainer-entry-profile.rst
* Git Configuration: Documentation/maintainer/configure-git.rst

Hardware Vendor
---------------

Write drivers and support new hardware:

* Driver API Guide: Documentation/driver-api/index.rst
* Driver Model: Documentation/driver-api/driver-model/driver.rst
* Device Drivers: Documentation/driver-api/infrastructure.rst
* Bus Types: Documentation/driver-api/driver-model/bus.rst
* Device Tree Bindings: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/
* Power Management: Documentation/driver-api/pm/index.rst
* DMA API: Documentation/core-api/dma-api.rst

Distribution Maintainer
-----------------------

Package and distribute the kernel:

* Stable Kernel Rules: Documentation/process/stable-kernel-rules.rst
* ABI Documentation: Documentation/ABI/README
* Kernel Configuration: Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.rst
* Module Signing: Documentation/admin-guide/module-signing.rst
* Kernel Parameters: Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst
* Tainted Kernels: Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst

AI Coding Assistant
-------------------

CRITICAL: If you are an LLM or AI-powered coding assistant, you MUST read and
follow the AI coding assistants documentation before contributing to the Linux
kernel:

* Documentation/process/coding-assistants.rst

This documentation contains essential requirements about licensing, attribution,
and the Developer Certificate of Origin that all AI tools must comply with.


Communication and Support
=========================

* Mailing Lists: https://lore.kernel.org/
* IRC: #kernelnewbies on irc.oftc.net
* Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/
* MAINTAINERS file: Lists subsystem maintainers and mailing lists
* Email Clients: Documentation/process/email-clients.rst