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When we enabled STRICT_KERNEL_RWX we received some reports of boot
failures when using the Hash MMU and running under phyp. The crashes
are intermittent, and often exhibit as a completely unresponsive
system, or possibly an oops.
One example, which was caught in xmon:
[ 14.068327][ T1] devtmpfs: mounted
[ 14.069302][ T1] Freeing unused kernel memory: 5568K
[ 14.142060][ T347] BUG: Unable to handle kernel instruction fetch
[ 14.142063][ T1] Run /sbin/init as init process
[ 14.142074][ T347] Faulting instruction address: 0xc000000000004400
cpu 0x2: Vector: 400 (Instruction Access) at [c00000000c7475e0]
pc: c000000000004400: exc_virt_0x4400_instruction_access+0x0/0x80
lr: c0000000001862d4: update_rq_clock+0x44/0x110
sp: c00000000c747880
msr: 8000000040001031
current = 0xc00000000c60d380
paca = 0xc00000001ec9de80 irqmask: 0x03 irq_happened: 0x01
pid = 347, comm = kworker/2:1
...
enter ? for help
[c00000000c747880] c0000000001862d4 update_rq_clock+0x44/0x110 (unreliable)
[c00000000c7478f0] c000000000198794 update_blocked_averages+0xb4/0x6d0
[c00000000c7479f0] c000000000198e40 update_nohz_stats+0x90/0xd0
[c00000000c747a20] c0000000001a13b4 _nohz_idle_balance+0x164/0x390
[c00000000c747b10] c0000000001a1af8 newidle_balance+0x478/0x610
[c00000000c747be0] c0000000001a1d48 pick_next_task_fair+0x58/0x480
[c00000000c747c40] c000000000eaab5c __schedule+0x12c/0x950
[c00000000c747cd0] c000000000eab3e8 schedule+0x68/0x120
[c00000000c747d00] c00000000016b730 worker_thread+0x130/0x640
[c00000000c747da0] c000000000174d50 kthread+0x1a0/0x1b0
[c00000000c747e10] c00000000000e0f0 ret_from_kernel_thread+0x5c/0x6c
This shows that CPU 2, which was idle, woke up and then appears to
randomly take an instruction fault on a completely valid area of
kernel text.
The cause turns out to be the call to hash__mark_rodata_ro(), late in
boot. Due to the way we layout text and rodata, that function actually
changes the permissions for all of text and rodata to read-only plus
execute.
To do the permission change we use a hypervisor call, H_PROTECT. On
phyp that appears to be implemented by briefly removing the mapping of
the kernel text, before putting it back with the updated permissions.
If any other CPU is executing during that window, it will see spurious
faults on the kernel text and/or data, leading to crashes.
To fix it we use stop machine to collect all other CPUs, and then have
them drop into real mode (MMU off), while we change the mapping. That
way they are unaffected by the mapping temporarily disappearing.
We don't see this bug on KVM because KVM always use VPM=1, where
faults are directed to the hypervisor, and the fault will be
serialised vs the h_protect() by HPTE_V_HVLOCK.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210331003845.216246-5-mpe@ellerman.id.au
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Linux kernel
============
There are several guides for kernel developers and users. These guides can
be rendered in a number of formats, like HTML and PDF. Please read
Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst first.
In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or
``make pdfdocs``. The formatted documentation can also be read online at:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/
There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory,
several of them using the Restructured Text markup notation.
Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the
requirements for building and running the kernel, and information about
the problems which may result by upgrading your kernel.