linux/rust/kernel
Linus Torvalds 26ff969926 Rust changes for v7.1
Toolchain and infrastructure:
 
  - Bump the minimum Rust version to 1.85.0 (and 'bindgen' to 0.71.1).
 
    As proposed in LPC 2025 and the Maintainers Summit [1], we are going
    to follow Debian Stable's Rust versions as our minimum versions.
 
    Debian Trixie was released on 2025-08-09 with a Rust 1.85.0 and
    'bindgen' 0.71.1 toolchain, which is a fair amount of time for e.g.
    kernel developers to upgrade.
 
    Other major distributions support a Rust version that is high enough
    as well, including:
 
      + Arch Linux.
      + Fedora Linux.
      + Gentoo Linux.
      + Nix.
      + openSUSE Slowroll and openSUSE Tumbleweed.
      + Ubuntu 25.10 and 26.04 LTS. In addition, 24.04 LTS using
        their versioned packages.
 
    The merged patch series comes with the associated cleanups and
    simplifications treewide that can be performed thanks to both bumps,
    as well as documentation updates.
 
    In addition, start using 'bindgen''s '--with-attribute-custom-enum'
    feature to set the 'cfi_encoding' attribute for the 'lru_status' enum
    used in Binder.
 
    Link: https://lwn.net/Articles/1050174/ [1]
 
  - Add experimental Kconfig option ('CONFIG_RUST_INLINE_HELPERS') that
    inlines C helpers into Rust.
 
    Essentially, it performs a step similar to LTO, but just for the
    helpers, i.e. very local and fast.
 
    It relies on 'llvm-link' and its '--internalize' flag, and requires
    a compatible LLVM between Clang and 'rustc' (i.e. same major version,
    'CONFIG_RUSTC_CLANG_LLVM_COMPATIBLE'). It is only enabled for two
    architectures for now.
 
    The result is a measurable speedup in different workloads that
    different users have tested. For instance, for the null block driver,
    it amounts to a 2%.
 
  - Support global per-version flags.
 
    While we already have per-version flags in many places, we didn't
    have a place to set global ones that depend on the compiler version,
    i.e. in 'rust_common_flags', which sometimes is needed to e.g. tweak
    the lints set per version.
 
    Use that to allow the 'clippy::precedence' lint for Rust < 1.86.0,
    since it had a change in behavior.
 
  - Support overriding the crate name and apply it to Rust Binder, which
    wanted the module to be called 'rust_binder'.
 
  - Add the remaining '__rust_helper' annotations (started in the
    previous cycle).
 
 'kernel' crate:
 
  - Introduce the 'const_assert!' macro: a more powerful version of
    'static_assert!' that can refer to generics inside functions or
    implementation bodies, e.g.:
 
        fn f<const N: usize>() {
            const_assert!(N > 1);
        }
 
        fn g<T>() {
            const_assert!(size_of::<T>() > 0, "T cannot be ZST");
        }
 
    In addition, reorganize our set of build-time assertion macros
    ('{build,const,static_assert}!') to live in the 'build_assert'
    module.
 
    Finally, improve the docs as well to clarify how these are different
    from one another and how to pick the right one to use, and their
    equivalence (if any) to the existing C ones for extra clarity.
 
  - 'sizes' module: add 'SizeConstants' trait.
 
    This gives us typed 'SZ_*' constants (avoiding casts) for use in
    device address spaces where the address width depends on the hardware
    (e.g. 32-bit MMIO windows, 64-bit GPU framebuffers, etc.), e.g.:
 
        let gpu_heap = 14 * u64::SZ_1M;
        let mmio_window = u32::SZ_16M;
 
  - 'clk' module: implement 'Send' and 'Sync' for 'Clk' and thus simplify
    the users in Tyr and PWM.
 
  - 'ptr' module: add 'const_align_up'.
 
  - 'str' module: improve the documentation of the 'c_str!' macro to
    explain that one should only use it for non-literal cases (for the
    other case we instead use C string literals, e.g. 'c"abc"').
 
  - Disallow the use of 'CStr::{as_ptr,from_ptr}' and clean one such use
    in the 'task' module.
 
  - 'sync' module: finish the move of 'ARef' and 'AlwaysRefCounted'
    outside of the 'types' module, i.e. update the last remaining
    instances and finally remove the re-exports.
 
  - 'error' module: clarify that 'from_err_ptr' can return 'Ok(NULL)',
    including runtime-tested examples.
 
    The intention is to hopefully prevent UB that assumes the result of
    the function is not 'NULL' if successful. This originated from a case
    of UB I noticed in 'regulator' that created a 'NonNull' on it.
 
 Timekeeping:
 
  - Expand the example section in the 'HrTimer' documentation.
 
  - Mark the 'ClockSource' trait as unsafe to ensure valid values for
    'ktime_get()'.
 
  - Add 'Delta::from_nanos()'.
 
 'pin-init' crate:
 
  - Replace the 'Zeroable' impls for 'Option<NonZero*>' with impls of
    'ZeroableOption' for 'NonZero*'.
 
  - Improve feature gate handling for unstable features.
 
  - Declutter the documentation of implementations of 'Zeroable' for
    tuples.
 
  - Replace uses of 'addr_of[_mut]!' with '&raw [mut]'.
 
 rust-analyzer:
 
  - Add type annotations to 'generate_rust_analyzer.py'.
 
  - Add support for scripts written in Rust ('generate_rust_target.rs',
    'rustdoc_test_builder.rs', 'rustdoc_test_gen.rs').
 
  - Refactor 'generate_rust_analyzer.py' to explicitly identify host and
    target crates, improve readability, and reduce duplication.
 
 And some other fixes, cleanups and improvements.
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Merge tag 'rust-7.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ojeda/linux

Pull Rust updates from Miguel Ojeda:
 "Toolchain and infrastructure:

   - Bump the minimum Rust version to 1.85.0 (and 'bindgen' to 0.71.1).

     As proposed in LPC 2025 and the Maintainers Summit [1], we are
     going to follow Debian Stable's Rust versions as our minimum
     versions.

     Debian Trixie was released on 2025-08-09 with a Rust 1.85.0 and
     'bindgen' 0.71.1 toolchain, which is a fair amount of time for e.g.
     kernel developers to upgrade.

     Other major distributions support a Rust version that is high
     enough as well, including:

       + Arch Linux.
       + Fedora Linux.
       + Gentoo Linux.
       + Nix.
       + openSUSE Slowroll and openSUSE Tumbleweed.
       + Ubuntu 25.10 and 26.04 LTS. In addition, 24.04 LTS using
         their versioned packages.

     The merged patch series comes with the associated cleanups and
     simplifications treewide that can be performed thanks to both
     bumps, as well as documentation updates.

     In addition, start using 'bindgen''s '--with-attribute-custom-enum'
     feature to set the 'cfi_encoding' attribute for the 'lru_status'
     enum used in Binder.

     Link: https://lwn.net/Articles/1050174/ [1]

   - Add experimental Kconfig option ('CONFIG_RUST_INLINE_HELPERS') that
     inlines C helpers into Rust.

     Essentially, it performs a step similar to LTO, but just for the
     helpers, i.e. very local and fast.

     It relies on 'llvm-link' and its '--internalize' flag, and requires
     a compatible LLVM between Clang and 'rustc' (i.e. same major
     version, 'CONFIG_RUSTC_CLANG_LLVM_COMPATIBLE'). It is only enabled
     for two architectures for now.

     The result is a measurable speedup in different workloads that
     different users have tested. For instance, for the null block
     driver, it amounts to a 2%.

   - Support global per-version flags.

     While we already have per-version flags in many places, we didn't
     have a place to set global ones that depend on the compiler
     version, i.e. in 'rust_common_flags', which sometimes is needed to
     e.g. tweak the lints set per version.

     Use that to allow the 'clippy::precedence' lint for Rust < 1.86.0,
     since it had a change in behavior.

   - Support overriding the crate name and apply it to Rust Binder,
     which wanted the module to be called 'rust_binder'.

   - Add the remaining '__rust_helper' annotations (started in the
     previous cycle).

  'kernel' crate:

   - Introduce the 'const_assert!' macro: a more powerful version of
     'static_assert!' that can refer to generics inside functions or
     implementation bodies, e.g.:

         fn f<const N: usize>() {
             const_assert!(N > 1);
         }

         fn g<T>() {
             const_assert!(size_of::<T>() > 0, "T cannot be ZST");
         }

     In addition, reorganize our set of build-time assertion macros
     ('{build,const,static_assert}!') to live in the 'build_assert'
     module.

     Finally, improve the docs as well to clarify how these are
     different from one another and how to pick the right one to use,
     and their equivalence (if any) to the existing C ones for extra
     clarity.

   - 'sizes' module: add 'SizeConstants' trait.

     This gives us typed 'SZ_*' constants (avoiding casts) for use in
     device address spaces where the address width depends on the
     hardware (e.g. 32-bit MMIO windows, 64-bit GPU framebuffers, etc.),
     e.g.:

         let gpu_heap = 14 * u64::SZ_1M;
         let mmio_window = u32::SZ_16M;

   - 'clk' module: implement 'Send' and 'Sync' for 'Clk' and thus
     simplify the users in Tyr and PWM.

   - 'ptr' module: add 'const_align_up'.

   - 'str' module: improve the documentation of the 'c_str!' macro to
     explain that one should only use it for non-literal cases (for the
     other case we instead use C string literals, e.g. 'c"abc"').

   - Disallow the use of 'CStr::{as_ptr,from_ptr}' and clean one such
     use in the 'task' module.

   - 'sync' module: finish the move of 'ARef' and 'AlwaysRefCounted'
     outside of the 'types' module, i.e. update the last remaining
     instances and finally remove the re-exports.

   - 'error' module: clarify that 'from_err_ptr' can return 'Ok(NULL)',
     including runtime-tested examples.

     The intention is to hopefully prevent UB that assumes the result of
     the function is not 'NULL' if successful. This originated from a
     case of UB I noticed in 'regulator' that created a 'NonNull' on it.

  Timekeeping:

   - Expand the example section in the 'HrTimer' documentation.

   - Mark the 'ClockSource' trait as unsafe to ensure valid values for
     'ktime_get()'.

   - Add 'Delta::from_nanos()'.

  'pin-init' crate:

   - Replace the 'Zeroable' impls for 'Option<NonZero*>' with impls of
     'ZeroableOption' for 'NonZero*'.

   - Improve feature gate handling for unstable features.

   - Declutter the documentation of implementations of 'Zeroable' for
     tuples.

   - Replace uses of 'addr_of[_mut]!' with '&raw [mut]'.

  rust-analyzer:

   - Add type annotations to 'generate_rust_analyzer.py'.

   - Add support for scripts written in Rust ('generate_rust_target.rs',
     'rustdoc_test_builder.rs', 'rustdoc_test_gen.rs').

   - Refactor 'generate_rust_analyzer.py' to explicitly identify host
     and target crates, improve readability, and reduce duplication.

  And some other fixes, cleanups and improvements"

* tag 'rust-7.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ojeda/linux: (79 commits)
  rust: sizes: add SizeConstants trait for device address space constants
  rust: kernel: update `file_with_nul` comment
  rust: kbuild: allow `clippy::precedence` for Rust < 1.86.0
  rust: kbuild: support global per-version flags
  rust: declare cfi_encoding for lru_status
  docs: rust: general-information: use real example
  docs: rust: general-information: simplify Kconfig example
  docs: rust: quick-start: remove GDB/Binutils mention
  docs: rust: quick-start: remove Nix "unstable channel" note
  docs: rust: quick-start: remove Gentoo "testing" note
  docs: rust: quick-start: add Ubuntu 26.04 LTS and remove subsection title
  docs: rust: quick-start: update minimum Ubuntu version
  docs: rust: quick-start: update Ubuntu versioned packages
  docs: rust: quick-start: openSUSE provides `rust-src` package nowadays
  rust: kbuild: remove "dummy parameter" workaround for `bindgen` < 0.71.1
  rust: kbuild: update `bindgen --rust-target` version and replace comment
  rust: rust_is_available: remove warning for `bindgen` < 0.69.5 && libclang >= 19.1
  rust: rust_is_available: remove warning for `bindgen` 0.66.[01]
  rust: bump `bindgen` minimum supported version to 0.71.1 (Debian Trixie)
  rust: block: update `const_refs_to_static` MSRV TODO comment
  ...
2026-04-13 09:54:20 -07:00
..
alloc rust: alloc: simplify with NonNull::add() now that it is stable 2026-04-07 10:00:24 +02:00
block rust: block: update const_refs_to_static MSRV TODO comment 2026-04-07 10:00:24 +02:00
debugfs Driver core changes for 7.0-rc1 2026-02-11 17:43:59 -08:00
device rust: device: replace kernel::c_str! with C-Strings 2025-12-22 17:30:24 +01:00
drm rust/drm: Fix Registration::{new,new_foreign_owned}() docs 2026-01-23 14:18:07 -05:00
fs rust: fs: add file::Offset type alias 2025-11-05 00:05:38 +01:00
io Linux 6.19-rc7 2026-01-26 13:23:52 +01:00
iommu rust: iommu: fix srctree link warning 2026-01-22 09:19:30 +01:00
irq Rust fixes for v7.0-rc1 2026-02-22 08:43:31 -08:00
list rust: remove RUSTC_HAS_COERCE_POINTEE and simplify code 2026-04-07 10:00:23 +02:00
mm mm: introduce VMA flags bitmap type 2025-11-29 10:41:09 -08:00
net rust: net: replace kernel::c_str! with C-Strings 2026-01-05 16:32:39 -08:00
num rust: add const_assert! macro 2026-03-30 02:03:49 +02:00
pci rust: io: macro_export io_define_read!() and io_define_write!() 2026-02-23 00:54:02 +01:00
ptr rust: ptr: add projection infrastructure 2026-03-07 23:06:17 +01:00
str rust: str: add radix prefixed integer parsing functions 2025-11-03 14:40:45 +01:00
sync rust: remove RUSTC_HAS_COERCE_POINTEE and simplify code 2026-04-07 10:00:23 +02:00
time hrtimer: add usage examples to documentation 2026-03-23 08:31:00 +01:00
.gitignore rust: Add warn_on macro 2025-07-23 02:05:58 +02:00
acpi.rs rust: acpi: replace core::mem::zeroed with pin_init::zeroed 2025-10-27 20:27:05 +01:00
alloc.rs Summary of significant series in this pull request: 2025-10-02 18:18:33 -07:00
auxiliary.rs Linux 6.19-rc7 2026-01-26 13:23:52 +01:00
bitmap.rs rust: bitmap: add BitmapVec::new_inline() 2025-11-26 11:25:35 -05:00
bits.rs rust: bits: always inline functions using build_assert with arguments 2026-01-18 20:40:11 +01:00
block.rs rust: block: add block related constants 2025-09-02 05:23:56 -06:00
bug.rs rust: bug: Support DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE_DETAILED option 2026-01-30 05:18:17 +01:00
build_assert.rs rust: rework build_assert! documentation 2026-03-30 02:03:52 +02:00
clk.rs rust: clk: implement Send and Sync 2026-04-03 11:57:35 +02:00
configfs.rs rust: configfs: replace kernel::c_str! with C-Strings 2026-01-15 09:26:49 +01:00
cpu.rs rust: kernel: cpu: mark CpuId::current() inline 2025-09-14 23:58:45 +02:00
cpufreq.rs rust: cpufreq: suppress clippy::double_parens in Policy doctest 2026-03-12 11:01:23 +01:00
cpumask.rs rust: cpumask: rename methods of Cpumask for clarity and consistency 2026-01-27 11:21:23 +05:30
cred.rs Char/Misc/IIO/Binder changes for 6.18-rc1 2025-10-04 16:26:32 -07:00
debugfs.rs rust: debugfs: Use kernel Atomic type in docs example 2026-01-19 15:02:46 +01:00
device_id.rs rust: device_id: replace incorrect word in safety documentation 2025-12-29 14:09:18 +01:00
device.rs Linux 6.19-rc7 2026-01-26 13:23:52 +01:00
devres.rs rust: devres: fix race condition due to nesting 2026-02-07 01:03:49 +01:00
dma.rs rust: dma: use pointer projection infra for dma_{read,write} macro 2026-03-07 23:06:20 +01:00
driver.rs Linux 6.19-rc7 2026-01-26 13:23:52 +01:00
error.rs rust: error: clarify that from_err_ptr can return Ok(NULL) 2026-04-03 11:56:56 +02:00
faux.rs rust: faux: use "kernel vertical" style for imports 2026-01-07 19:56:00 +01:00
firmware.rs rust: firmware: replace kernel::c_str! with C-Strings 2025-11-17 00:53:47 +01:00
fmt.rs rust: fmt: Fix grammar in Adapter description 2026-01-04 23:51:35 +01:00
fs.rs rust: fs: add Kiocb struct 2025-09-06 13:27:20 +02:00
generated_arch_reachable_asm.rs.S rust: Add warn_on macro 2025-07-23 02:05:58 +02:00
generated_arch_static_branch_asm.rs.S
generated_arch_warn_asm.rs.S rust: Add warn_on macro 2025-07-23 02:05:58 +02:00
i2c.rs rust: i2c: Update ARef and AlwaysRefCounted imports to use sync::aref 2026-03-15 20:30:29 +01:00
id_pool.rs rust: id_pool: do not immediately acquire new ids 2025-12-02 14:17:09 -05:00
impl_flags.rs rust: add impl_flags! macro for defining common bitflag operations 2026-02-02 08:09:11 +01:00
init.rs rust: init: use #[default_error(err)] for the initializer macros 2026-01-17 10:51:42 +01:00
io.rs rust: io: macro_export io_define_read!() and io_define_write!() 2026-02-23 00:54:02 +01:00
ioctl.rs
iov.rs rust: iov: add iov_iter abstractions for ITER_DEST 2025-09-06 13:27:20 +02:00
irq.rs rust: irq: add support for threaded IRQs and handlers 2025-08-12 20:22:09 +02:00
jump_label.rs
kunit.rs rust: kunit: fix warning when !CONFIG_PRINTK 2026-03-02 10:01:15 -07:00
lib.rs rust: kernel: update file_with_nul comment 2026-04-07 12:43:09 +02:00
list.rs rust: list: hide macros from top-level kernel doc 2026-03-27 12:15:47 +01:00
maple_tree.rs rust: maple_tree: rcu_read_lock() in destructor to silence lockdep 2025-12-23 11:23:15 -08:00
miscdevice.rs rust: redefine bindings::compat_ptr_ioctl in Rust 2026-01-16 14:54:11 +01:00
mm.rs rust: mm: update ARef and AlwaysRefCounted imports from sync::aref 2025-09-13 16:55:15 -07:00
module_param.rs Modules changes for v6.19-rc1 2025-12-06 08:27:07 -08:00
net.rs
num.rs rust: num: add Bounded integer wrapping type 2025-11-19 00:22:24 +01:00
of.rs rust: of: use core::ffi::CStr method names 2025-09-16 09:26:59 +02:00
opp.rs Rust changes for v6.19 2025-12-03 14:16:49 -08:00
page.rs rust: Return Option from page_align and ensure no usize overflow 2025-12-29 15:32:53 +01:00
pci.rs rust: pci: re-export ConfigSpace 2026-02-01 22:18:24 +01:00
pid_namespace.rs rust: pid_namespace: update AlwaysRefCounted imports from sync::aref 2025-08-19 13:08:41 +02:00
platform.rs Linux 6.19-rc7 2026-01-26 13:23:52 +01:00
prelude.rs rust: remove RUSTC_HAS_SLICE_AS_FLATTENED and simplify code 2026-04-07 10:00:23 +02:00
print.rs rust: print: Add pr_*_once macros 2026-01-30 05:47:05 +01:00
processor.rs rust: Add cpu_relax() helper 2025-08-21 16:58:07 +02:00
ptr.rs Rust timekeeping changes for v7.1 2026-04-08 10:44:11 +02:00
pwm.rs rust: pwm: Simplify to_result call sites and unsafe blocks 2026-01-20 18:49:58 +01:00
rbtree.rs Rust changes for v6.20 / v7.0 2026-02-10 11:53:01 -08:00
regulator.rs rust: regulator: do not assume that regulator_get() returns non-null 2026-03-24 13:08:21 +00:00
revocable.rs Rust changes for v6.17 2025-08-03 13:49:10 -07:00
safety.rs rust: safety: introduce unsafe_precondition_assert! macro 2026-02-02 08:10:48 +01:00
scatterlist.rs rust: scatterlist: Update ARef imports to use sync::aref 2025-12-18 17:25:45 +01:00
security.rs rust_binder: add Rust Binder driver 2025-09-19 09:40:46 +02:00
seq_file.rs rust: seq_file: replace kernel::c_str! with C-Strings 2026-01-29 15:32:40 +01:00
sizes.rs rust: sizes: add SizeConstants trait for device address space constants 2026-04-07 12:57:50 +02:00
soc.rs rust: Add soc_device support 2025-12-28 12:43:56 +01:00
std_vendor.rs
str.rs Rust timekeeping changes for v7.1 2026-04-08 10:44:11 +02:00
sync.rs rust: sync: Replace kernel::c_str! with C-Strings 2026-01-28 09:25:44 +01:00
task.rs rust: task: use as_char_ptr instead of as_ptr().cast() 2026-03-10 23:52:21 +01:00
time.rs rust: time: make ClockSource unsafe trait 2026-03-23 08:29:48 +01:00
tracepoint.rs
transmute.rs rust: transmute: simplify code with Rust 1.80.0 split_at_*checked() 2026-04-07 10:00:24 +02:00
types.rs rust: types: remove temporary re-exports of ARef and AlwaysRefCounted 2026-03-15 20:30:29 +01:00
uaccess.rs rust: uaccess: add UserSliceWriter::write_slice_file() 2025-11-05 00:35:37 +01:00
usb.rs rust: usb: Update AlwaysRefCounted imports to use sync::aref 2026-03-15 20:30:29 +01:00
workqueue.rs rust: pin-init: add pin projections to #[pin_data] 2025-09-11 23:26:20 +02:00
xarray.rs rust: kernel: mark as #[inline] all From::from()s for Error 2026-03-27 12:49:00 +01:00