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Eduard Zingerman says: ==================== bpf: range_within() must check cnum ranges instead of min/max pairs This is a follow-up for series [1]. is_state_visited() should check cnum's subset relations using cnum-based operations, not min/max projections. See patch #1 for detailed explanation and patch #2 for an example of buggy program accepted by verifier w/o this fix. Updated veristat performance numbers compared to master before [1] merge follow. Measurements done for the same set of selftests/ sched_ext/meta/cilium programs as in [1]. Net increase: 98K insn 88 programs Net decrease: -282K insn 52 programs Raw stats filtered as -f insns_pct>1 -f !insns<10000: ========= selftests: master vs experiment ========= File Program Insns (A) Insns (B) Insns (DIFF) ---- ------- --------- --------- ------------ Total progs: 4665 total_insns diff min: -0.44% total_insns diff max: 52.94% total_insns abs max old: 837,487 total_insns abs max new: 837,487 -5 .. 0 %: 8 0 .. 5 %: 4652 5 .. 15 %: 1 40 .. 50 %: 3 50 .. 55 %: 1 ========= scx: master vs experiment ========= File Program Insns (A) Insns (B) Insns (DIFF) ----------------- --------------- --------- --------- ---------------- scx_layered.bpf.o layered_enqueue 13718 14402 +684 (+4.99%) scx_rusty.bpf.o rusty_enqueue 39842 22053 -17789 (-44.65%) scx_rusty.bpf.o rusty_stopping 37738 19949 -17789 (-47.14%) scx_wd40.bpf.o wd40_stopping 37729 19880 -17849 (-47.31%) Total progs: 376 total_insns diff min: -47.31% total_insns diff max: 19.61% total_insns abs max old: 233,669 total_insns abs max new: 233,696 -50 .. -40 %: 3 -5 .. 0 %: 3 0 .. 5 %: 367 5 .. 15 %: 2 15 .. 20 %: 1 ========= meta: master vs experiment ========= File Program Insns (A) Insns (B) Insns (DIFF) -------------------------------------- ------------------- --------- --------- ---------------- <sandbox> test_file_open 88771 104160 +15389 (+17.34%) <profiler> on_perf_event 48056 54544 +6488 (+13.50%) <profiler> on_tracepoint_event 48059 54547 +6488 (+13.50%) <profiler> on_perf_event 48056 54544 +6488 (+13.50%) <profiler> on_tracepoint_event 48059 54547 +6488 (+13.50%) <profiler> on_alloc 50445 56933 +6488 (+12.86%) <profiler> on_free 50251 56739 +6488 (+12.91%) <profiler> on_perf_event 48056 54544 +6488 (+13.50%) <profiler> on_tracepoint_event 48059 54547 +6488 (+13.50%) <profiler> future_iter_resume 50114 56602 +6488 (+12.95%) <profiler> on_py_event 50042 56530 +6488 (+12.97%) scx_layered_bpf_skel_genskel-bpf.bpf.o layered_enqueue 13287 13963 +676 (+5.09%) scx_layered_bpf_skel_genskel-bpf.bpf.o layered_enqueue 13269 13945 +676 (+5.09%) scx_layered_bpf_skel_genskel-bpf.bpf.o layered_enqueue 13269 13945 +676 (+5.09%) <firewall> ..._egress 222327 164648 -57679 (-25.94%) <firewall> ..._tc_eg 222839 164772 -58067 (-26.06%) <firewall> ..._egress 222327 164648 -57679 (-25.94%) <firewall> ..._tc_eg 222839 164772 -58067 (-26.06%) Total progs: 1540 total_insns diff min: -26.06% total_insns diff max: 37.25% total_insns abs max old: 666,036 total_insns abs max new: 666,036 -30 .. -20 %: 4 -5 .. 0 %: 10 0 .. 5 %: 1494 5 .. 10 %: 10 10 .. 15 %: 13 15 .. 25 %: 5 35 .. 40 %: 4 ========= cilium: master vs experiment ========= File Program Insns (A) Insns (B) Insns (DIFF) --------------- --------------------------------- --------- --------- --------------- bpf_host.o tail_handle_ipv4_cont_from_host 20962 26024 +5062 (+24.15%) bpf_host.o tail_handle_ipv6_cont_from_host 17036 18672 +1636 (+9.60%) bpf_host.o tail_nodeport_nat_ingress_ipv4 20080 19858 -222 (-1.11%) bpf_lxc.o tail_nodeport_nat_ingress_ipv4 10697 10510 -187 (-1.75%) bpf_overlay.o tail_handle_inter_cluster_revsnat 11099 10857 -242 (-2.18%) bpf_overlay.o tail_nodeport_nat_ingress_ipv4 11951 11768 -183 (-1.53%) bpf_wireguard.o tail_nodeport_nat_ingress_ipv4 11993 11811 -182 (-1.52%) Total progs: 134 total_insns diff min: -3.32% total_insns diff max: 24.15% total_insns abs max old: 152,012 total_insns abs max new: 152,012 -5 .. 0 %: 12 0 .. 5 %: 120 5 .. 15 %: 1 20 .. 25 %: 1 [1] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/fd376f47b9512daf669a87b23573f614ec146385.camel@gmail.com/T/ --- ==================== Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260425-cnum-range-within-v1-0-2fdca70cb09d@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> |
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Linux kernel ============ The Linux kernel is the core of any Linux operating system. It manages hardware, system resources, and provides the fundamental services for all other software. Quick Start ----------- * Report a bug: See Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-issues.rst * Get the latest kernel: https://kernel.org * Build the kernel: See Documentation/admin-guide/quickly-build-trimmed-linux.rst * Join the community: https://lore.kernel.org/ Essential Documentation ----------------------- All users should be familiar with: * Building requirements: Documentation/process/changes.rst * Code of Conduct: Documentation/process/code-of-conduct.rst * License: See COPYING Documentation can be built with make htmldocs or viewed online at: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/ Who Are You? ============ Find your role below: * New Kernel Developer - Getting started with kernel development * Academic Researcher - Studying kernel internals and architecture * Security Expert - Hardening and vulnerability analysis * Backport/Maintenance Engineer - Maintaining stable kernels * System Administrator - Configuring and troubleshooting * Maintainer - Leading subsystems and reviewing patches * Hardware Vendor - Writing drivers for new hardware * Distribution Maintainer - Packaging kernels for distros * AI Coding Assistant - LLMs and AI-powered development tools For Specific Users ================== New Kernel Developer -------------------- Welcome! Start your kernel development journey here: * Getting Started: Documentation/process/development-process.rst * Your First Patch: Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst * Coding Style: Documentation/process/coding-style.rst * Build System: Documentation/kbuild/index.rst * Development Tools: Documentation/dev-tools/index.rst * Kernel Hacking Guide: Documentation/kernel-hacking/hacking.rst * Core APIs: Documentation/core-api/index.rst Academic Researcher ------------------- Explore the kernel's architecture and internals: * Researcher Guidelines: Documentation/process/researcher-guidelines.rst * Memory Management: Documentation/mm/index.rst * Scheduler: Documentation/scheduler/index.rst * Networking Stack: Documentation/networking/index.rst * Filesystems: Documentation/filesystems/index.rst * RCU (Read-Copy Update): Documentation/RCU/index.rst * Locking Primitives: Documentation/locking/index.rst * Power Management: Documentation/power/index.rst Security Expert --------------- Security documentation and hardening guides: * Security Documentation: Documentation/security/index.rst * LSM Development: Documentation/security/lsm-development.rst * Self Protection: Documentation/security/self-protection.rst * Reporting Vulnerabilities: Documentation/process/security-bugs.rst * CVE Procedures: Documentation/process/cve.rst * Embargoed Hardware Issues: Documentation/process/embargoed-hardware-issues.rst * Security Features: Documentation/userspace-api/seccomp_filter.rst Backport/Maintenance Engineer ----------------------------- Maintain and stabilize kernel versions: * Stable Kernel Rules: Documentation/process/stable-kernel-rules.rst * Backporting Guide: Documentation/process/backporting.rst * Applying Patches: Documentation/process/applying-patches.rst * Subsystem Profile: Documentation/maintainer/maintainer-entry-profile.rst * Git for Maintainers: Documentation/maintainer/configure-git.rst System Administrator -------------------- Configure, tune, and troubleshoot Linux systems: * Admin Guide: Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst * Kernel Parameters: Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst * Sysctl Tuning: Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/index.rst * Tracing/Debugging: Documentation/trace/index.rst * Performance Security: Documentation/admin-guide/perf-security.rst * Hardware Monitoring: Documentation/hwmon/index.rst Maintainer ---------- Lead kernel subsystems and manage contributions: * Maintainer Handbook: Documentation/maintainer/index.rst * Pull Requests: Documentation/maintainer/pull-requests.rst * Managing Patches: Documentation/maintainer/modifying-patches.rst * Rebasing and Merging: Documentation/maintainer/rebasing-and-merging.rst * Development Process: Documentation/process/maintainer-handbooks.rst * Maintainer Entry Profile: Documentation/maintainer/maintainer-entry-profile.rst * Git Configuration: Documentation/maintainer/configure-git.rst Hardware Vendor --------------- Write drivers and support new hardware: * Driver API Guide: Documentation/driver-api/index.rst * Driver Model: Documentation/driver-api/driver-model/driver.rst * Device Drivers: Documentation/driver-api/infrastructure.rst * Bus Types: Documentation/driver-api/driver-model/bus.rst * Device Tree Bindings: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/ * Power Management: Documentation/driver-api/pm/index.rst * DMA API: Documentation/core-api/dma-api.rst Distribution Maintainer ----------------------- Package and distribute the kernel: * Stable Kernel Rules: Documentation/process/stable-kernel-rules.rst * ABI Documentation: Documentation/ABI/README * Kernel Configuration: Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.rst * Module Signing: Documentation/admin-guide/module-signing.rst * Kernel Parameters: Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst * Tainted Kernels: Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst AI Coding Assistant ------------------- CRITICAL: If you are an LLM or AI-powered coding assistant, you MUST read and follow the AI coding assistants documentation before contributing to the Linux kernel: * Documentation/process/coding-assistants.rst This documentation contains essential requirements about licensing, attribution, and the Developer Certificate of Origin that all AI tools must comply with. Communication and Support ========================= * Mailing Lists: https://lore.kernel.org/ * IRC: #kernelnewbies on irc.oftc.net * Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/ * MAINTAINERS file: Lists subsystem maintainers and mailing lists * Email Clients: Documentation/process/email-clients.rst