commit 200e0d994d upstream.
1. Optimize the match rules with new macro for Huawei USB storage devices,
to avoid to load USB storage driver for the modem interface
with Huawei devices.
2. Add to support new switch command for new Huawei USB dongles.
Signed-off-by: fangxiaozhi <huananhu@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 07c7be3d87 upstream.
1. Define a new macro for USB storage match rules:
matching with Vendor ID and interface descriptors.
Signed-off-by: fangxiaozhi <huananhu@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit fb37ef9801 upstream.
As reported https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=51031, the UAS
driver causes problems and has been asked to be not built into any of
the major distributions. To prevent users from running into problems
with it, and for distros that were not notified, just mark the whole
thing as broken.
Acked-by: Sarah Sharp <sarah.a.sharp@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit df767b71e5 upstream.
This patch (as1553) adds an unusual_dev entrie for the Yarvik PMP400
MP4 music player.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Reported-by: Jesse Feddema <jdfeddema@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Jesse Feddema <jdfeddema@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit bb94a40668 upstream.
This patch (as1521b) fixes the interaction between usb-storage's
scanning thread and the freezer. The current implementation has a
race: If the device is unplugged shortly after being plugged in and
just as a system sleep begins, the scanning thread may get frozen
before the khubd task. Khubd won't be able to freeze until the
disconnect processing is complete, and the disconnect processing can't
proceed until the scanning thread finishes, so the sleep transition
will fail.
The implementation in the 3.2 kernel suffers from an additional
problem. There the scanning thread calls set_freezable_with_signal(),
and the signals sent by the freezer will mess up the thread's I/O
delays, which are all interruptible.
The solution to both problems is the same: Replace the kernel thread
used for scanning with a delayed-work routine on the system freezable
work queue. Freezable work queues have the nice property that you can
cancel a work item even while the work queue is frozen, and no signals
are needed.
The 3.2 version of this patch solves the problem in Bugzilla #42730.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Acked-by: Seth Forshee <seth.forshee@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit cec28a5428 upstream.
Kingston DT 101 G2 replies a wrong tag while transporting, add an
unusal_devs entry to ignore the tag validation.
Signed-off-by: Qinglin Ye <yestyle@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
commit 2f640bf4c9 upstream.
The 8020i protocol (also 8070i and QIC-157) uses 12-byte commands;
shorter commands must be padded. Simon Detheridge reports that his
3-TB USB disk drive claims to use the 8020i protocol (which is
normally meant for ATAPI devices like CD drives), and because of its
large size, the disk drive requires the use of 16-byte commands.
However the usb_stor_pad12_command() routine in usb-storage always
sets the command length to 12, making the drive impossible to use.
Since the SFF-8020i specification allows for 16-byte commands in
future extensions, we may as well accept them. This patch (as1490)
changes usb_stor_pad12_command() to leave commands larger than 12
bytes alone rather than truncating them.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Tested-by: Simon Detheridge <simon@widgit.com>
CC: Matthew Dharm <mdharm-usb@one-eyed-alien.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
commit f02fe890ec upstream.
Scanning cannot be run during suspend or hibernation, but if
usb-stor-scan freezes another thread waiting on scanning to
complete may fail to freeze.
However, if usb-stor-scan is left freezable without ever actually
freezing then the freezer will wait on it to exit, and threads
waiting for scanning to finish will no longer be blocked. One
problem with this approach is that usb-stor-scan has a delay to
wait for devices to settle (which is currently the only point where
it can freeze). To work around this we can request that the freezer
send a fake signal when freezing, then use interruptible sleep to
wake the thread early when freezing happens.
To make this happen, the following changes are made to
usb-stor-scan:
* Use set_freezable_with_signal() instead of set_freezable() to
request a fake signal when freezing
* Use wait_event_interruptible_timeout() instead of
wait_event_freezable_timeout() to avoid freezing
Signed-off-by: Seth Forshee <seth.forshee@canonical.com>
Acked-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
commit e16da02fcd upstream.
This patch solves two things:
1) Enables autosense emulation code to correctly
interpret descriptor format sense data, and
2) Fixes a bug whereby the autosense emulation
code would overwrite descriptor format sense data
with SENSE KEY HARDWARE ERROR in fixed format, to
incorrectly look like this:
Oct 21 14:11:07 localhost kernel: sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Sense Key : Recovered Error [current] [descriptor]
Oct 21 14:11:07 localhost kernel: Descriptor sense data with sense descriptors (in hex):
Oct 21 14:11:07 localhost kernel: 72 01 04 1d 00 00 00 0e 09 0c 00 00 00 00 00 00
Oct 21 14:11:07 localhost kernel: 00 4f 00 c2 00 50
Oct 21 14:11:07 localhost kernel: sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] ASC=0x4 ASCQ=0x1d
Signed-off-by: Luben Tuikov <ltuikov@yahoo.com>
Acked-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Acked-by: Matthew Dharm <mdharm-usb@one-eyed-alien.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
commit a871e4f551 upstream.
Connecting the V2M to a Linux host results in a constant stream of
errors spammed to the console, all of the form
sd 1:0:0:0: ioctl_internal_command return code = 8070000
: Sense Key : 0x4 [current]
: ASC=0x0 ASCQ=0x0
The errors appear to be otherwise harmless. Add an unusual_devs entry
which eliminates all of the error messages.
Signed-off-by: Nick Bowler <nbowler@elliptictech.com>
Acked-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Some USB mass-storage devices have bugs that cause them not to handle
the first READ(10) command they receive correctly. The Corsair
Padlock v2 returns completely bogus data for its first read (possibly
it returns the data in encrypted form even though the device is
supposed to be unlocked). The Feiya SD/SDHC card reader fails to
complete the first READ(10) command after it is plugged in or after a
new card is inserted, returning a status code that indicates it thinks
the command was invalid, which prevents the kernel from retrying the
read.
Since the first read of a new device or a new medium is for the
partition sector, the kernel is unable to retrieve the device's
partition table. Users have to manually issue an "hdparm -z" or
"blockdev --rereadpt" command before they can access the device.
This patch (as1470) works around the problem. It adds a new quirk
flag, US_FL_INVALID_READ10, indicating that the first READ(10) should
always be retried immediately, as should any failing READ(10) commands
(provided the preceding READ(10) command succeeded, to avoid getting
stuck in a loop). The patch also adds appropriate unusual_devs
entries containing the new flag.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Tested-by: Sven Geggus <sven-usbst@geggus.net>
Tested-by: Paul Hartman <paul.hartman+linux@gmail.com>
CC: Matthew Dharm <mdharm-usb@one-eyed-alien.net>
CC: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
* 'usb-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb-2.6: (205 commits)
USB: EHCI: Remove SPARC_LEON {read,write}_be definitions from ehci.h
USB: UHCI: Support big endian GRUSBHC HC
sparc: add {read,write}*_be routines
USB: UHCI: Add support for big endian descriptors
USB: UHCI: Use ACCESS_ONCE rather than using a full compiler barrier
USB: UHCI: Add support for big endian mmio
usb-storage: Correct adjust_quirks to include latest flags
usb/isp1760: Fix possible unlink problems
usb/isp1760: Move function isp1760_endpoint_disable() within file.
USB: remove remaining usages of hcd->state from usbcore and fix regression
usb: musb: ux500: add configuration and build options for ux500 dma
usb: musb: ux500: add dma glue layer for ux500
usb: musb: ux500: add dma name for ux500
usb: musb: ux500: add ux500 specific code for gadget side
usb: musb: fix compile error
usb-storage: fix up the unusual_realtek device list
USB: gadget: f_audio: Fix invalid dereference of initdata
EHCI: don't rescan interrupt QHs needlessly
OHCI: fix regression caused by nVidia shutdown workaround
USB: OTG: msm: Free VCCCX regulator even if we can't set the voltage
...
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial: (39 commits)
b43: fix comment typo reqest -> request
Haavard Skinnemoen has left Atmel
cris: typo in mach-fs Makefile
Kconfig: fix copy/paste-ism for dell-wmi-aio driver
doc: timers-howto: fix a typo ("unsgined")
perf: Only include annotate.h once in tools/perf/util/ui/browsers/annotate.c
md, raid5: Fix spelling error in comment ('Ofcourse' --> 'Of course').
treewide: fix a few typos in comments
regulator: change debug statement be consistent with the style of the rest
Revert "arm: mach-u300/gpio: Fix mem_region resource size miscalculations"
audit: acquire creds selectively to reduce atomic op overhead
rtlwifi: don't touch with treewide double semicolon removal
treewide: cleanup continuations and remove logging message whitespace
ath9k_hw: don't touch with treewide double semicolon removal
include/linux/leds-regulator.h: fix syntax in example code
tty: fix typo in descripton of tty_termios_encode_baud_rate
xtensa: remove obsolete BKL kernel option from defconfig
m68k: fix comment typo 'occcured'
arch:Kconfig.locks Remove unused config option.
treewide: remove extra semicolons
...
Commits ae38c78a03
and 00914025cc added quirk flags
US_FL_NO_READ_DISC_INFO and US_FL_NO_READ_CAPACITY_16 to
the usb-storage driver. However they did not add the corresponding flags
to adjust_quirks() in usb.c, so there was no facility for a user
to over-ride/add them via the quirks module parameter.
Signed-off-by: Karl Relton <karllinuxtest.relton@ntlworld.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1461) fixes the unusual_devs entries for the Realtek USB
card reader. They should be ordered by PID, and they should not
override the Subclass and Protocol values provided by the device.
Otherwise a notification about unnecessary entries gets printed in the
kernel log during probing.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Tested-By: Tony Vroon <tony@linx.net>
CC: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
The isd200 sub-driver increments the command serial number despite not
using it at all in it's routine for sending internal scsi commands.
Remove the increment to prepare for removing the serial_number field.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@suse.de>
Using C line continuation inside format strings is error prone.
Clean up the unintended whitespace introduced by misuse of \.
Neaten correctly used line continations as well for consistency.
drivers/scsi/arcmsr/arcmsr_hba.c has these errors as well,
but arcmsr needs a lot more work and the driver should likely be
moved to staging instead.
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
* 'staging-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging-2.6: (961 commits)
staging: hv: fix memory leaks
staging: hv: Remove NULL check before kfree
Staging: hv: Get rid of vmbus_child_dev_add()
Staging: hv: Change the signature for vmbus_child_device_register()
Staging: hv: Get rid of vmbus_cleanup() function
Staging: hv: Get rid of vmbus_dev_rm() function
Staging: hv: Change the signature for vmbus_on_isr()
Staging: hv: Eliminate vmbus_event_dpc()
Staging: hv: Get rid of the function vmbus_msg_dpc()
Staging: hv: Change the signature for vmbus_cleanup()
Staging: hv: Simplify root device management
staging: rtl8192e: Don't copy dev pointer to skb
staging: rtl8192e: Pass priv to cmdpkt functions
staging: rtl8192e: Pass priv to firmware download functions
staging: rtl8192e: Pass priv to rtl8192_interrupt
staging: rtl8192e: Pass rtl8192_priv to dm functions
staging: rtl8192e: Pass ieee80211_device to callbacks
staging: rtl8192e: Pass ieee80211_device to callbacks
staging: rtl8192e: Pass ieee80211_device to callbacks
staging: rtl8192e: Pass ieee80211_device to callbacks
...
Move the USB_STORAGE_ENE_UB6250 entry so that it stays under the
USB_STORAGE menu.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Fix ene_ub6250 build: it uses usb_storage driver interfaces, so it
should depend on USB_STORAGE.
ene_ub6250.c:(.text+0x14ff19): undefined reference to `usb_stor_reset_resume'
ene_ub6250.c:(.text+0x14ffb1): undefined reference to `usb_stor_bulk_transfer_buf'
ene_ub6250.c:(.text+0x14ffdd): undefined reference to `usb_stor_bulk_srb'
ene_ub6250.c:(.text+0x14fff1): undefined reference to `usb_stor_bulk_transfer_sg'
ene_ub6250.c:(.text+0x1503dd): undefined reference to `usb_stor_set_xfer_buf'
ene_ub6250.c:(.text+0x15048e): undefined reference to `usb_stor_access_xfer_buf'
ene_ub6250.c:(.text+0x150723): undefined reference to `usb_stor_probe1'
ene_ub6250.c:(.text+0x150795): undefined reference to `usb_stor_probe2'
ene_ub6250.c:(.text+0x1507af): undefined reference to `usb_stor_disconnect'
drivers/built-in.o:(.data+0x10224): undefined reference to `usb_stor_suspend'
drivers/built-in.o:(.data+0x10230): undefined reference to `usb_stor_pre_reset'
drivers/built-in.o:(.data+0x10234): undefined reference to `usb_stor_post_reset'
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
"buf" gets allocated twice in a row. It's the second allocation which
is correct. The first one should be removed.
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <error27@gmail.com>
Acked-by: huajun li <huajun.li.lee@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
The usb portion of this driver can now go into drivers/usb/storage.
This leaves the non-usb portion of the code still in staging.
Signed-off-by: Huajun Li <huajun.li.lee@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This is needed to resolve some merge conflicts that were found
in the USB host controller patches, and reported by Stephen Rothwell.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1444) adds an unusual_devs entry for an MP3 player from
Coby electronics. The device has two nasty bugs.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Tested-by: Jasper Mackenzie <scarletpimpernal@hotmail.com>
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This device suffers from the off-by-one error when reporting the capacity,
so add entry with US_FL_FIX_CAPACITY.
Signed-off-by: Nick Holloway <Nick.Holloway@pyrites.org.uk>
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
ums_realtek is used to support the power-saving function
for Realtek RTS51xx USB card readers.
Signed-off-by: wwang <wei_wang@realsil.com.cn>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This patch (as1438) adds an unusual_devs entry for the MagicPixel
FW_Omega2 chip, used in the CamSport Evo camera. The firmware
incorrectly reports a vendor-specific bDeviceClass.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Reported-by: <ttkspam@free.fr>
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
The TrekStor DataStation maxi g.u external hard drive enclosure uses a
JMicron USB to SATA chip which needs the US_FL_IGNORE_RESIDUE flag to work
properly.
Signed-off-by: Richard Schütz <r.schtz@t-online.de>
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
New device ID added for unusual Cypress ATACB device.
Signed-off-by: Richard Schütz <r.schtz@t-online.de>
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
This is to resolve the conflict in the file,
drivers/usb/gadget/composite.c that was due to a revert in Linus's tree
needed for the 2.6.37 release.
Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Add an unusual_devs entry for the Samsung YP-CP3 MP4 player.
User was getting the following errors in dmesg:
usb 2-6: reset high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 2
usb 2-6: reset high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 2
usb 2-6: reset high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 2
usb 2-6: USB disconnect, address 2
sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
sdb:<2>ldm_validate_partition_table(): Disk read failed.
Dev sdb: unable to read RDB block 0
unable to read partition table
Signed-off-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vitty@altlinux.ru>
Acked-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
CC: Matthew Dharm <mdharm-usb@one-eyed-alien.net>
CC: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
* usb-next: (132 commits)
USB: uas: Use GFP_NOIO instead of GFP_KERNEL in I/O submission path
USB: uas: Ensure we only bind to a UAS interface
USB: uas: Rename sense pipe and sense urb to status pipe and status urb
USB: uas: Use kzalloc instead of kmalloc
USB: uas: Fix up the Sense IU
usb: musb: core: kill unneeded #include's
DA8xx: assign name to MUSB IRQ resource
usb: gadget: g_ncm added
usb: gadget: f_ncm.c added
usb: gadget: u_ether: prepare for NCM
usb: pch_udc: Fix setup transfers with data out
usb: pch_udc: Fix compile error, warnings and checkpatch warnings
usb: add ab8500 usb transceiver driver
USB: gadget: Implement runtime PM for MSM bus glue driver
USB: gadget: Implement runtime PM for ci13xxx gadget
USB: gadget: Add USB controller driver for MSM SoC
USB: gadget: Introduce ci13xxx_udc_driver struct
USB: gadget: Initialize ci13xxx gadget device's coherent DMA mask
USB: gadget: Fix "scheduling while atomic" bugs in ci13xxx_udc
USB: gadget: Separate out PCI bus code from ci13xxx_udc
...
If swap is on a UAS device, we could recurse into the driver by using
GFP_KERNEL. Using GFP_NOIO ensures we won't.
Reported-by: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
While all existing UAS devices use alternate interface 1, this is not
guaranteed, and it has caused confusion with people trying to bind the
uas driver to non-uas devices.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
The spec calls this the status pipe. While it is used to receive sense IUs,
it is also used to receive other IUs, so this can be confusing.
Reported-by: Luben Tuikov <ltuikov@yahoo.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
The IUs are not being fully initialised by the driver (due to the reserved
space). Since we should be zeroing reserved fields, use kzalloc to do
it for us.
Reported-by: Luben Tuikov <ltuikov@yahoo.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Add a comment to the Sense IU data structure that it's also used for Read
Ready and Write Ready. Remove the 'service response' element since it's
gone from the current draft (04).
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Move the mid-layer's ->queuecommand() invocation from being locked
with the host lock to being unlocked to facilitate speeding up the
critical path for drivers who don't need this lock taken anyway.
The patch below presents a simple SCSI host lock push-down as an
equivalent transformation. No locking or other behavior should change
with this patch. All existing bugs and locking orders are preserved.
Additionally, add one parameter to queuecommand,
struct Scsi_Host *
and remove one parameter from queuecommand,
void (*done)(struct scsi_cmnd *)
Scsi_Host* is a convenient pointer that most host drivers need anyway,
and 'done' is redundant to struct scsi_cmnd->scsi_done.
Minimal code disturbance was attempted with this change. Most drivers
needed only two one-line modifications for their host lock push-down.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@redhat.com>
Acked-by: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
REQ_HARDBARRIER is dead now, so remove the leftovers. What's left
at this point is:
- various checks inside the block layer.
- sanity checks in bio based drivers.
- now unused bio_empty_barrier helper.
- Xen blockfront use of BLKIF_OP_WRITE_BARRIER - it's dead for a while,
but Xen really needs to sort out it's barrier situaton.
- setting of ordered tags in uas - dead code copied from old scsi
drivers.
- scsi different retry for barriers - it's dead and should have been
removed when flushes were converted to FS requests.
- blktrace handling of barriers - removed. Someone who knows blktrace
better should add support for REQ_FLUSH and REQ_FUA, though.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
For all modules, change <module>-objs to <module>-y; remove
if-statements and replace with lists using the kbuild idiom; move
flags to the top of the file; and fix alignment while trying to
maintain the original scheme in each file.
None of the dependencies are modified.
Signed-off-by: matt mooney <mfm@muteddisk.com>
Acked-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Acked-by: Felipe Balbi <balbi@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Some Rockbox based mp4 players will crash when ever they see a
read_capacity_16 scsi command. So add a new US_FL which tells the scsi sd
driver to not issue any read_capacity_16 scsi commands.
Signed-off-by: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Matthew Dharm <mdharm-usb@one-eyed-alien.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>