The RISC-V ISA manual specifies that Zfh implies Zfhmin, a normative
rule clarified in
https://github.com/riscv/riscv-isa-manual/pull/3070. Zvfh likewise
implies Zvfhmin, as stated by the vector extension specification.
The kernel currently reports ZFH and ZFHMIN (and ZVFH and ZVFHMIN) as
independent hwprobe bits derived only from what the device tree
declares. Platforms that declare just "zfh" (Zfh being a superset that
already contains all Zfhmin instructions) therefore report
RISCV_HWPROBE_EXT_ZFHMIN=0, which breaks userspace RVA23 conformance
checks (e.g. snapd installing core26 on riscv64).
Use the existing superset mechanism to set the implied subset bits:
- zfh implies zfhmin
- zvfh implies zvfhmin
Add a hwprobe selftest asserting the implication holds and update the
hwprobe documentation accordingly.
This is complementary to the rva23u64 base behavior discussion: the
RVA23 conformance query proposed there is derived from the
per-extension bits fixed here, so correct EXT_0 reporting is a
prerequisite for it to work on harts whose device tree declares only
"zfh".
Tested on a RISC-V QEMU VM whose device tree only declares "zfh" and
"zvfh": with this change both /proc/cpuinfo and the hwprobe
RISCV_HWPROBE_KEY_IMA_EXT_0 bitmap report ZFHMIN and ZVFHMIN, and the
hwprobe selftest (including the new implication check) passes.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/kvm-riscv/20260206002349.96740-1-andrew.jones@oss.qualcomm.com/
Signed-off-by: JinRui <jinrui@haiwei.tech>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/7190E4DB338251C3+20260811081513.2849980-1-jinrui@haiwei.tech
[pjw@kernel.org: trimmed superfluous blank line in tags]
Signed-off-by: Paul Walmsley <pjw@kernel.org>
Standardize the compiler output flag format across all RISC-V
selftests by adding a space between '-o' and '$@'.
Although '-o$@' is perfectly valid for GCC/Clang to parse,
changing it to '-o $@' with a space aligns with the GNU
official documentation conventions, improves readability by
visually separating the flag from the target variable, and
ensures consistency with other architectures.
Currently, RISC-V selftests use '-o$@' (without space) in 13
instances across 6 Makefiles, while all other architectures
consistently use '-o $@' (with space). This inconsistency makes
RISC-V an outlier in the kernel's selftest infrastructure.
Signed-off-by: Zong Li <zong.li@sifive.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260511032917.3542802-1-zong.li@sifive.com
[pjw@kernel.org: cleaned up patch description]
Signed-off-by: Paul Walmsley <pjw@kernel.org>
We've run out of bits to describe RISC-V ISA extensions in our initial
hwprobe key, RISCV_HWPROBE_KEY_IMA_EXT_0. So, let's add
RISCV_HWPROBE_KEY_IMA_EXT_1, along with the framework to set the
appropriate hwprobe tuple, and add testing for it.
Based on a suggestion from Andrew Jones <andrew.jones@oss.qualcomm.com>,
also fix the documentation for RISCV_HWPROBE_KEY_IMA_EXT_0.
Reviewed-by: Andrew Jones <andrew.jones@oss.qualcomm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Walmsley <pjw@kernel.org>
- The 6 patch series "panic: sys_info: Refactor and fix a potential
issue" from Andy Shevchenko fixes a build issue and does some cleanup in
ib/sys_info.c.
- The 9 patch series "Implement mul_u64_u64_div_u64_roundup()" from
David Laight enhances the 64-bit math code on behalf of a PWM driver and
beefs up the test module for these library functions.
- The 2 patch series "scripts/gdb/symbols: make BPF debug info available
to GDB" from Ilya Leoshkevich makes BPF symbol names, sizes, and line
numbers available to the GDB debugger.
- The 4 patch series "Enable hung_task and lockup cases to dump system
info on demand" from Feng Tang adds a sysctl which can be used to cause
additional info dumping when the hung-task and lockup detectors fire.
- The 6 patch series "lib/base64: add generic encoder/decoder, migrate
users" from Kuan-Wei Chiu adds a general base64 encoder/decoder to lib/
and migrates several users away from their private implementations.
- The 2 patch series "rbree: inline rb_first() and rb_last()" from Eric
Dumazet makes TCP a little faster.
- The 9 patch series "liveupdate: Rework KHO for in-kernel users" from
Pasha Tatashin reworks the KEXEC Handover interfaces in preparation for
Live Update Orchestrator (LUO), and possibly for other future clients.
- The 13 patch series "kho: simplify state machine and enable dynamic
updates" from Pasha Tatashin increases the flexibility of KEXEC
Handover. Also preparation for LUO.
- The 18 patch series "Live Update Orchestrator" from Pasha Tatashin is
a major new feature targeted at cloud environments. Quoting the [0/N]:
This series introduces the Live Update Orchestrator, a kernel subsystem
designed to facilitate live kernel updates using a kexec-based reboot.
This capability is critical for cloud environments, allowing hypervisors
to be updated with minimal downtime for running virtual machines. LUO
achieves this by preserving the state of selected resources, such as
memory, devices and their dependencies, across the kernel transition.
As a key feature, this series includes support for preserving memfd file
descriptors, which allows critical in-memory data, such as guest RAM or
any other large memory region, to be maintained in RAM across the kexec
reboot.
Mike Rappaport merits a mention here, for his extensive review and
testing work.
- The 3 patch series "kexec: reorganize kexec and kdump sysfs" from
Sourabh Jain moves the kexec and kdump sysfs entries from /sys/kernel/
to /sys/kernel/kexec/ and adds back-compatibility symlinks which can
hopefully be removed one day.
- The 2 patch series "kho: fixes for vmalloc restoration" from Mike
Rapoport fixes a BUG which was being hit during KHO restoration of
vmalloc() regions.
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Merge tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2025-12-06-11-14' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
Pull non-MM updates from Andrew Morton:
- "panic: sys_info: Refactor and fix a potential issue" (Andy Shevchenko)
fixes a build issue and does some cleanup in ib/sys_info.c
- "Implement mul_u64_u64_div_u64_roundup()" (David Laight)
enhances the 64-bit math code on behalf of a PWM driver and beefs up
the test module for these library functions
- "scripts/gdb/symbols: make BPF debug info available to GDB" (Ilya Leoshkevich)
makes BPF symbol names, sizes, and line numbers available to the GDB
debugger
- "Enable hung_task and lockup cases to dump system info on demand" (Feng Tang)
adds a sysctl which can be used to cause additional info dumping when
the hung-task and lockup detectors fire
- "lib/base64: add generic encoder/decoder, migrate users" (Kuan-Wei Chiu)
adds a general base64 encoder/decoder to lib/ and migrates several
users away from their private implementations
- "rbree: inline rb_first() and rb_last()" (Eric Dumazet)
makes TCP a little faster
- "liveupdate: Rework KHO for in-kernel users" (Pasha Tatashin)
reworks the KEXEC Handover interfaces in preparation for Live Update
Orchestrator (LUO), and possibly for other future clients
- "kho: simplify state machine and enable dynamic updates" (Pasha Tatashin)
increases the flexibility of KEXEC Handover. Also preparation for LUO
- "Live Update Orchestrator" (Pasha Tatashin)
is a major new feature targeted at cloud environments. Quoting the
cover letter:
This series introduces the Live Update Orchestrator, a kernel
subsystem designed to facilitate live kernel updates using a
kexec-based reboot. This capability is critical for cloud
environments, allowing hypervisors to be updated with minimal
downtime for running virtual machines. LUO achieves this by
preserving the state of selected resources, such as memory,
devices and their dependencies, across the kernel transition.
As a key feature, this series includes support for preserving
memfd file descriptors, which allows critical in-memory data, such
as guest RAM or any other large memory region, to be maintained in
RAM across the kexec reboot.
Mike Rappaport merits a mention here, for his extensive review and
testing work.
- "kexec: reorganize kexec and kdump sysfs" (Sourabh Jain)
moves the kexec and kdump sysfs entries from /sys/kernel/ to
/sys/kernel/kexec/ and adds back-compatibility symlinks which can
hopefully be removed one day
- "kho: fixes for vmalloc restoration" (Mike Rapoport)
fixes a BUG which was being hit during KHO restoration of vmalloc()
regions
* tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2025-12-06-11-14' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (139 commits)
calibrate: update header inclusion
Reinstate "resource: avoid unnecessary lookups in find_next_iomem_res()"
vmcoreinfo: track and log recoverable hardware errors
kho: fix restoring of contiguous ranges of order-0 pages
kho: kho_restore_vmalloc: fix initialization of pages array
MAINTAINERS: TPM DEVICE DRIVER: update the W-tag
init: replace simple_strtoul with kstrtoul to improve lpj_setup
KHO: fix boot failure due to kmemleak access to non-PRESENT pages
Documentation/ABI: new kexec and kdump sysfs interface
Documentation/ABI: mark old kexec sysfs deprecated
kexec: move sysfs entries to /sys/kernel/kexec
test_kho: always print restore status
kho: free chunks using free_page() instead of kfree()
selftests/liveupdate: add kexec test for multiple and empty sessions
selftests/liveupdate: add simple kexec-based selftest for LUO
selftests/liveupdate: add userspace API selftests
docs: add documentation for memfd preservation via LUO
mm: memfd_luo: allow preserving memfd
liveupdate: luo_file: add private argument to store runtime state
mm: shmem: export some functions to internal.h
...
This follow-up patch completes centralization of kselftest.h and
ksefltest_harness.h includes in remaining seltests files, replacing all
relative paths with a non-relative paths using shared -I include path in
lib.mk
Tested with gcc-13.3 and clang-18.1, and cross-compiled successfully on
riscv, arm64, x86_64 and powerpc arch.
[reddybalavignesh9979@gmail.com: add selftests include path for kselftest.h]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251017090201.317521-1-reddybalavignesh9979@gmail.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251016104409.68985-1-reddybalavignesh9979@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Bala-Vignesh-Reddy <reddybalavignesh9979@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20250820143954.33d95635e504e94df01930d0@linux-foundation.org/
Reviewed-by: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Günther Noack <gnoack@google.com>
Cc: Jakub Kacinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mickael Salaun <mic@digikod.net>
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Cc: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: Simon Horman <horms@kernel.org>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Add selftests to cbo.c to verify Zicbop extension behavior, and split
the previous `--sigill` mode into two options so they can be tested
independently.
The test checks:
- That hwprobe correctly reports Zicbop presence and block size.
- That prefetch instructions execute without exception on valid and NULL
addresses when Zicbop is present.
Signed-off-by: Yao Zihong <zihong.plct@isrc.iscas.ac.cn>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Jones <ajones@ventanamicro.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251118162436.15485-3-zihong.plct@isrc.iscas.ac.cn
Signed-off-by: Paul Walmsley <pjw@kernel.org>
Add test for Zicbom and its block size into CBO tests, when
Zicbom is present, test that cbo.clean/flush may be issued and works.
As the software can't verify the clean/flush functions, we just judged
that cbo.clean/flush isn't executed illegally.
Reviewed-by: Andrew Jones <ajones@ventanamicro.com>
Reviewed-by: Samuel Holland <samuel.holland@sifive.com>
Signed-off-by: Yunhui Cui <cuiyunhui@bytedance.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250226063206.71216-4-cuiyunhui@bytedance.com
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Ghiti <alexghiti@rivosinc.com>
The cbo and which-cpu hwprobe selftests leave their artifacts in the
kernel tree and end up being tracked by git. Add the binaries to the
hwprobe selftest .gitignore so this no longer happens.
Signed-off-by: Charlie Jenkins <charlie@rivosinc.com>
Fixes: a29e2a48af ("RISC-V: selftests: Add CBO tests")
Fixes: ef7d6abb2c ("RISC-V: selftests: Add which-cpus hwprobe test")
Reviewed-by: Muhammad Usama Anjum <usama.anjum@collabora.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Jones <ajones@ventanamicro.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240425-gitignore_hwprobe_artifacts-v1-1-dfc5a20da469@rivosinc.com
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
Commit 0de65288d7 ("RISC-V: selftests: cbo: Ensure asm operands
match constraints") attempted to ensure MK_CBO() would always
provide to a compile-time constant when given a constant, but
cpu_to_le32() isn't necessarily going to do that. Switch to manually
shifting the bytes, when needed, to finally get this right.
Reported-by: Woodrow Shen <woodrow.shen@sifive.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/CABquHATcBTUwfLpd9sPObBgNobqQKEAZ2yxk+TWSpyO5xvpXpg@mail.gmail.com/
Fixes: a29e2a48af ("RISC-V: selftests: Add CBO tests")
Fixes: 0de65288d7 ("RISC-V: selftests: cbo: Ensure asm operands match constraints")
Signed-off-by: Andrew Jones <ajones@ventanamicro.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240322134728.151255-2-ajones@ventanamicro.com
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
The 'i' constraint expects a constant operand, which fn and its
constant derivative MK_CBO(fn) are, but passing fn through a function
as a parameter and using a local variable for MK_CBO(fn) allow the
compiler to lose sight of that when no optimization is done. Use
a macro instead of a function and skip the local variable to ensure
the compiler uses constants, matching the asm constraints.
Reported-by: Yunhui Cui <cuiyunhui@bytedance.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240117082514.42967-1-cuiyunhui@bytedance.com
Fixes: a29e2a48af ("RISC-V: selftests: Add CBO tests")
Signed-off-by: Andrew Jones <ajones@ventanamicro.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240117130933.57514-2-ajones@ventanamicro.com
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
Christoph Muellner <christoph.muellner@vrull.eu> says:
From: Christoph Müllner <christoph.muellner@vrull.eu>
When building the RISC-V selftests with a riscv32 compiler I ran into
a couple of compiler warnings. While riscv32 support for these tests is
questionable, the fixes are so trivial that it is probably best to simply
apply them.
Note that the missing-include patch and some format string warnings
are also relevant for riscv64.
* b4-shazam-merge:
tools: selftests: riscv: Fix compile warnings in mm tests
tools: selftests: riscv: Fix compile warnings in vector tests
tools: selftests: riscv: Add missing include for vector test
tools: selftests: riscv: Fix compile warnings in cbo
tools: selftests: riscv: Fix compile warnings in hwprobe
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231123185821.2272504-1-christoph.muellner@vrull.eu
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
GCC prints a couple of format string warnings when compiling
the cbo test. Let's follow the recommendation in
Documentation/printk-formats.txt to fix these warnings.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Müllner <christoph.muellner@vrull.eu>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Ghiti <alexghiti@rivosinc.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Jones <ajones@ventanamicro.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231123185821.2272504-3-christoph.muellner@vrull.eu
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
GCC prints a couple of format string warnings when compiling
the hwprobe test. Let's follow the recommendation in
Documentation/printk-formats.txt to fix these warnings.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Müllner <christoph.muellner@vrull.eu>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Ghiti <alexghiti@rivosinc.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Jones <ajones@ventanamicro.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231123185821.2272504-2-christoph.muellner@vrull.eu
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
Test the RISCV_HWPROBE_WHICH_CPUS flag of hwprobe. The test also
has a command line interface in order to get the cpu list for
arbitrary hwprobe pairs.
Reviewed-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Jones <ajones@ventanamicro.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231122164700.127954-10-ajones@ventanamicro.com
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
The "count" parameter associated with the 'cpus' parameter of the
hwprobe syscall is the size in bytes of 'cpus'. Naming it 'cpu_count'
may mislead users (it did me) to think it's the number of CPUs that
are or can be represented by 'cpus' instead. This is particularly
easy (IMO) to get wrong since 'cpus' is documented to be defined by
CPU_SET(3) and CPU_SET(3) also documents a CPU_COUNT() (the number
of CPUs in set) macro. CPU_SET(3) refers to the size of cpu sets
with 'setsize'. Adopt 'cpusetsize' for the hwprobe parameter and
specifically state it is in bytes in Documentation/riscv/hwprobe.rst
to clarify.
Reviewed-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
Reviewed-by: Conor Dooley <conor.dooley@microchip.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Jones <ajones@ventanamicro.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231122164700.127954-7-ajones@ventanamicro.com
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
Add hwprobe test for Zicboz and its block size. Also, when Zicboz is
present, test that cbo.zero may be issued and works. Additionally
provide a command line option that enables testing that the Zicbom
instructions cause SIGILL and also that cbo.zero causes SIGILL when
Zicboz it's not present. The SIGILL tests require "opt-in" with a
command line option because the RISC-V ISA does not require
unimplemented standard opcodes to issue illegal-instruction
exceptions (but hopefully most platforms do).
Pinning the test to a subset of cpus with taskset will also restrict
the hwprobe calls to that set.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Jones <ajones@ventanamicro.com>
Reviewed-by: Xiao Wang <xiao.w.wang@intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230918131518.56803-14-ajones@ventanamicro.com
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
Returning (exiting with) negative exit codes isn't user friendly,
because the user must output the exit code with the shell, convert it
from its unsigned 8-bit value back to the negative value, and then
look up where that comes from in the code (which may be multiple
places). Use the kselftests TAP interface, instead.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Jones <ajones@ventanamicro.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230918131518.56803-13-ajones@ventanamicro.com
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
Statically linking makes it more convenient to copy the test to a
minimal busybox environment.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Jones <ajones@ventanamicro.com>
Reviewed-by: Conor Dooley <conor.dooley@microchip.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230918131518.56803-12-ajones@ventanamicro.com
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
This adds a test for the recently added RISC-V interface for probing
hardware capabilities. It happens to be the first selftest we have for
RISC-V, so I've added some infrastructure for those as well.
Co-developed-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Evan Green <evan@rivosinc.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230407231103.2622178-6-evan@rivosinc.com
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
