Commit Graph

2523 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Alexei Starovoitov
aeb709c767
selftests/bpf: Add a test for objects stuck in free_by_rcu_ttrace
Delete all elements of BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC hash map in one batch. The first
free_bulk() starts RCU tasks trace GP and the rest of the elements are
freed while it's in flight. Wait for call_rcu_ttrace_in_progress to clear
in bpf_mem_cache of every cpu and check that free_by_rcu_ttrace and
waiting_for_gp_ttrace lists are empty.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260930095920.601738-4-alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
2026-10-01 18:40:05 +02:00
Florent Revest (Anthropic)
d5288c519b
selftests/bpf: Detach a trampoline prog while a task sleeps before it
Add a test for the use-after-free fixed by the previous commit. A
sleepable prog on bpf_fentry_test1() blocks a task on a userfaultfd
page, like bpf_mod_race does, while the two progs that run after it in
the same trampoline are detached and freed one after the other, which
the test knows from their .bss maps going away. After the first detach
the task is in an image that isn't the trampoline's current one
anymore. The task is then released and must not call into the freed
progs. This is done with fentry progs, with fexit progs, where the task
is already past the original function, and with a task sleeping in a
fentry prog while fexit progs are detached, where the original function
must still be called. bpf_mod_race's userfaultfd helper moves to
testing_helpers.c so that both tests can use it.

Without the fix, on a kernel with KASAN:

  BUG: KASAN: vmalloc-out-of-bounds in __bpf_prog_enter_recur+0xed/0x1e0
  Read of size 8 at addr ffa0000000144040 by task test_progs/171
  CPU: 6 UID: 0 PID: 171 Comm: test_progs Tainted: G           OE       7.2.0+ #1 PREEMPT(full)
  Call Trace:
   <TASK>
   __bpf_prog_enter_recur+0xed/0x1e0
   bpf_trampoline_6442545468+0x72/0xe3
   bpf_fentry_test1+0x9/0x20
   bpf_prog_test_run_tracing+0x183/0x3e0
   __sys_bpf+0xd3f/0x38f0
   ...

Signed-off-by: Florent Revest (Anthropic) <florent.revest@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260926135605.1217928-4-florent.revest@linux.dev
2026-09-29 05:54:16 +00:00
Donggeun Yoo
3422808f4e
selftests/bpf: Test per-cpu initialization of a BPF_F_CPU created element
The existing cpu_flag subtests always prime a key with BPF_F_ALL_CPUS
before any BPF_F_CPU write, so the create path is never covered.

Add a subtest that creates the element with BPF_F_CPU on a map with
max_entries 1, so the key can only reuse the element the previous key
released, and check that the CPUs the update did not name read back
zero.  Run it for PERCPU_HASH preallocated and BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC,
whose per-cpu areas come from different allocators, and for
LRU_PERCPU_HASH.

Under BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC the reuse is only guaranteed on the cpu that
ran the delete, so pin the thread across the pair, and name a cpu other
than that one in map_flags.

Signed-off-by: Donggeun Yoo <donggeunyoo.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260924102321.2120434-3-donggeunyoo.kernel@gmail.com
2026-09-24 14:24:52 +00:00
Emil Tsalapatis
4fd72eb9f1
selftests/bpf: Test dynptr slices past end of skb
Add a selftest to ensure dynptr slices cannot include
past the end of the linear area of an skb.

Signed-off-by: Emil Tsalapatis <emil@etsalapatis.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260922172028.6269-3-emil@etsalapatis.com
2026-09-22 19:34:04 +00:00
Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi
0288ed6748
selftests/bpf: Check local object ownership depth
Build raw program BTF records to exercise local object ownership without
constructing a runtime chain deep enough to threaten the kernel stack.

Cover referenced-kptr and percpu-kptr self-cycles, a two-type cycle, and a
cycle mixing a graph root with a referenced kptr. The existing graph-only
check accepts these local-kptr cycles and over-limit kptr chains; the fix
rejects them with -ELOOP.

Pin the eight-record depth boundary with a terminal plain object. Exercise
both parent-first and child-first BTF orders, and a shared suffix reached
first through a shorter path. These cases require cached suffix depths to
be checked against the remaining depth budget on each path.

Check list and rbtree chains of three, four, eight, and nine types. This
covers the old graph-only depth boundary and the new explicit bound. The
existing linked-list BTF tests still reject pure graph cycles and now accept
the longer acyclic layouts previously rejected by the conservative rule.

Although bpf_percpu_obj_new() currently rejects types with special fields,
require the percpu cycle to fail at BTF load so future support cannot bypass
the ownership bound. Keep a positive control for a non-owning kptr, which
remains outside the ownership graph.

Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260914132444.2564218-3-memxor@gmail.com
2026-09-19 05:26:43 +00:00
Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi
bfc888f045
bpf: Bound ownership depth through local kptrs and graph roots
Program-allocated objects can own other local objects through referenced
kptrs. bpf_obj_free_fields() follows those pointers through
__bpf_obj_drop_impl() synchronously, before the object storage is freed
through RCU. A self-referential local kptr type therefore permits arbitrarily
deep object chains, and dropping the head can exhaust the kernel stack.
Long acyclic type chains have the same problem.

btf_check_and_fixup_fields() still assumes referenced kptrs only point to
kernel types and checks ownership through list and rbtree roots only. Its
existing rule is sufficient for graph-only cycles: the target of each graph
edge must contain a node, so every type in a cycle has both a root and a
node. The rule rejects such a type owning another root, breaking every
cycle. It also limits graph-only chains to three types, or two if the first
type contains a node, and conservatively rejects longer acyclic chains.
The missing local-kptr edges, rather than a missed graph-only cycle, are the
bug introduced by support for bpf_kptr_xchg() into local kptrs.

Replace that restriction with one bounded ownership walk covering graph
roots and local referenced kptrs. Run it after all BTF records have been
fixed up, reject cycles and paths deeper than eight record-bearing types,
and cache each type's suffix depth while checking it against the remaining
budget. This also permits the longer acyclic graph-only layouts rejected
by the old rule; update their existing BTF tests accordingly.

Keep the bound independent of MAX_CALL_FRAMES because recursive destruction
can run below a BPF call chain. A plain local pointee without special-field
metadata adds only a final non-recursing drop. Non-owning kptrs and
kernel-BTF kptrs do not recurse through local records and remain outside the
walk. Include local percpu-kptr edges too, although allocation of percpu
objects with special fields is currently forbidden, so that relaxing that
restriction cannot bypass the ownership bound.

btf_check_and_fixup_fields() continues to initialize graph_root.value_rec,
including for separately allocated map records. The ownership relationships
belong to immutable program BTF and only need validation at BTF load time.

Fixes: b0966c7245 ("bpf: Support bpf_kptr_xchg into local kptr")
Reported-by: Nicholas Carlini <npc@anthropic.com>
Suggested-by: Nicholas Carlini <npc@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260914132444.2564218-2-memxor@gmail.com
2026-09-19 05:26:43 +00:00
Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi
04ae4ffc57 selftests/bpf: Check callback map value lock identity
Add a verifier test which retains a map value from an outer callback and
then acquires a lock through an inner callback value before attempting to
release the outer callback value. Both values can denote different elements,
so the verifier must reject the mismatched unlock.

Also exercise callbacks reached through two inner-map lookups. The lookup
results share inner_map_meta but may refer to different one-element arrays,
so their callback values must retain distinct lock identities.

Extend the existing spin_lock failure table and reuse its array and
inner-map fixtures to keep these cases alongside the other lock identity
tests. Update the nested callback reference-leak expectation for the extra
callback value ID.

Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260917233222.2542500-10-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
2026-09-17 18:01:43 -07:00
Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi
3440505aca selftests/bpf: Test CO-RE instruction poisoning restrictions
Add raw CO-RE relocations that fail to resolve their target enum value.
Place each supported and unsupported instruction form in dead code.
Unsupported targets must fail relocation with a diagnostic even when they
are unreachable. Supported ALU immediates, memory accesses, and ldimm64
instructions must still be poisoned and removed as dead code, allowing the
program to load. Check that both halves of ldimm64 are poisoned.

Load every instruction stream without relocations first to ensure that
rejection is caused by the relocation rather than the original program.

Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260917233222.2542500-8-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
2026-09-17 18:01:43 -07:00
Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi
968ee7c06b selftests/bpf: Test early in-kernel CO-RE relocation
Add a raw program load with CO-RE relocation metadata but no func_info or
line_info. Place the relocation in dead code and require the poisoning log,
proving that the kernel processes standalone CO-RE metadata instead of
silently skipping it.

Also give a subprogram a relocatable immediate as its terminal instruction.
Require the relocation's poisoning log before check_subprogs() rejects the
resulting fall-through. With the old ordering, check_subprogs() rejects the
original terminal instruction before CO-RE can emit the substitution log, so
the test continues to distinguish the ordering after relocation target
validation is tightened.

Submit a trailing ldimm64 first slot with CO-RE metadata and require the early
structural diagnostic. This exercises the check that protects relocation
processing instead of the later regular instruction validation.

Load the standalone instruction stream without relocation metadata first to
ensure that CO-RE processing causes its poisoning diagnostic. Encode the fixed
BTF metadata directly with the selftest BTF helpers.

Suggested-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260917233222.2542500-6-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
2026-09-17 18:01:42 -07:00
Donggeun Yoo
26a43a5f8c selftests/bpf: cover the exception callback using its own BPF stack
The existing exception tests do not reach a callback that materializes
BPF_REG_FP into a register. They either throw from the main program,
where BPF_REG_FP already holds the value the callback needs, or use a
callback whose only stack accesses are frame pointer relative, which the
arm64 JIT rewrites to be stack pointer relative.

Add a test that throws from a subprogram using its own BPF stack, with a
callback that hands the address of a local variable to
bpf_probe_read_kernel(). The helper and the callback have to name the
same slot for the value read back to be the one the helper stored.

Signed-off-by: Donggeun Yoo <donggeunyoo.kernel@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260907130624.611942-3-donggeunyoo.kernel@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2026-09-13 21:59:21 -07:00
Jiayuan Chen
8036d3a5a6 selftests/bpf: Test bpf_sock_destroy() on TIME_WAIT and listener socks
Add two subtests.

tcp_timewait: the client shuts down first and the server closes after
it, so the client sock ends up in TIME_WAIT. A tcp iterator then finds
the timewait sock by the cookie it inherited from the client sock and
destroys it. Iterate once more to make sure it is gone. Without the
first fix bpf_sock_destroy() reads past the timewait sock and KASAN
complains.

tcp_listen_pending: connect to a listener but never accept, so the child
sits in the accept queue, then destroy the listener. Without the second
fix the cond_resched() in inet_csk_listen_stop() trips the might_sleep
check under rcu_read_lock().

  ./test_progs -a sock_destroy

  #444/1   sock_destroy/tcp_client:OK
  #444/2   sock_destroy/tcp_server:OK
  #444/3   sock_destroy/tcp_listen_pending:OK
  #444/4   sock_destroy/tcp_timewait:OK
  #444/5   sock_destroy/udp_client:OK
  #444/6   sock_destroy/udp_server:OK
  #444/7   sock_destroy/trace_tcp_destroy_sock:OK
  #444     sock_destroy:OK
  Summary: 1/7 PASSED, 0 SKIPPED, 0/0 FAILED

Signed-off-by: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260910112810.153801-1-jiayuan.chen@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2026-09-10 16:58:40 -07:00
Jiayuan Chen
f77d212457 selftests/bpf: Test BTF walk into a flexible array of zero-sized elements
The program stashes a bpf_obj_new() object whose type ends with a flexible
array of empty structs, then reads it back as an untrusted kptr. Without
the previous patch this divides by zero in btf_struct_walk() instead of
being rejected.

  # ./test_progs -t verifier_btf_flex_array
  ...
  #602     verifier_btf_flex_array:OK
  Summary: 1/1 PASSED, 0 SKIPPED, 0/0 FAILED

Signed-off-by: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260910122316.186384-2-jiayuan.chen@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2026-09-10 16:58:05 -07:00
Daniel Borkmann
a903f145a8 selftests/bpf: Add tests for the KF_PERFMON gates
Add test cases where each one loads with CAP_BPF alone and checks that
the program is correctly rejected.

  # LDLIBS=-static PKG_CONFIG='pkg-config --static' ./vmtest.sh -- ./test_progs -t verifier_kfunc_perfmon
  [...]
  #627/1   verifier_kfunc_perfmon/rdonly_cast_noperfmon:OK
  #627/2   verifier_kfunc_perfmon/rdonly_cast_noperfmon @unpriv:OK
  #627/3   verifier_kfunc_perfmon/probe_read_kernel_dynptr_noperfmon:OK
  #627/4   verifier_kfunc_perfmon/probe_read_kernel_dynptr_noperfmon @unpriv:OK
  #627/5   verifier_kfunc_perfmon/stream_vprintk_noperfmon:OK
  #627/6   verifier_kfunc_perfmon/stream_vprintk_noperfmon @unpriv:OK
  #627/7   verifier_kfunc_perfmon/get_kmem_cache_noperfmon:OK
  #627/8   verifier_kfunc_perfmon/get_kmem_cache_noperfmon @unpriv:OK
  #627/9   verifier_kfunc_perfmon/arg_untrusted_read_noperfmon:OK
  #627/10  verifier_kfunc_perfmon/arg_untrusted_read_noperfmon @unpriv:OK
  #627     verifier_kfunc_perfmon:OK
  Summary: 1/10 PASSED, 0 SKIPPED, 0/0 FAILED

Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260910213510.49358-4-daniel@iogearbox.net
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2026-09-10 16:55:48 -07:00
Daniel Borkmann
15e2565f1c selftests/bpf: Add test for bpf_skb_change_tail on csum partial skbs
Add a test which builds an ICMP error out of a TCP segment. A tcx prog
on the client's egress side trims the first data segment down to the
target size and pushes the ICMP error headers in front of it to then
reflect the packet back to the sender.

  # LDLIBS=-static PKG_CONFIG='pkg-config --static' ./vmtest.sh -- ./test_progs -t tc_change_tail
  [...]
  #509     tc_change_tail:OK
  #510     tc_change_tail_pmtu:OK
  Summary: 2/0 PASSED, 0 SKIPPED, 0/0 FAILED

Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260907121025.1923656-2-daniel@iogearbox.net
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2026-09-07 19:33:06 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
2beb1b31a1 bpf-fixes
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
 
 iQIzBAABCAAdFiEE+soXsSLHKoYyzcli6rmadz2vbToFAmqdhRMACgkQ6rmadz2v
 bTo8vRAAnP+x1z6FBOgHawGmmBpXtazoipRFeok/+/YGQ4SbS+evvFNvmkeCyihZ
 7EeNHGuWEbA6xQBAcMf0StMjmr3jkJvUA6lsHSxBiFLpHGqNt0Fz9IXvAL/8QWPg
 F7+CBs5A+J61i66LEmINbWzW1ujDf7baU/1VWui9zfPxnmPu40V/74eXzm6DmH/V
 oHTsCscCYNe+N+Wix6B6nLrObY537fcJU12N56uqpkaSc0+6H1fBQJmyFGpYroTX
 +4g+DNzEHyIYmt6B3+oDpbT0Zh/pP6ROq5TPDNJSSa+5B/uPo5C5pH520HwXF9hJ
 04uaD7y2fpE809Nwl3OEK4ozpJ+mEGU1NKZPvFAxckY6GCiBtfbGd1etFno7r+4F
 mZhNBKbQVEQX4XJUlcoqn9n7T2OCDnjiuneZAjIi4vUdevnSnakr0rCTFriiHP54
 jg4fEkXxvYjPiqs5SQbxoGxmYSfg9fYaSfK4HgFdlfbwp+3Vmv4BW/tcsIJ9dcPs
 L3YWkUU3znjbu2BLy0CP9fGt/1ik8p4/tA8vvZwz0yqpDMJkLy1TziGMef51UQ7k
 1Pe/Ln5J3C6xnWs+3TRF11y8PuuCF0y47DGPACfwPoQxca1ufJ5fgmLXRRQToZe4
 RjDmoeQvvI9w9kxh6gVhTHoiiEeD0wcQqx2CMHKTrU/PbM7d4Co=
 =oz4Z
 -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

Merge tag 'bpf-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf

Pull bpf fixes from Alexei Starovoitov:
 "This mainly contains verifier fixes that address bugs reported by
  Nicholas Carlini.

   - Fix incorrect non-NULL inference in pointer comparisons: pointer
     types that may be NULL at runtime, pointers with unbounded offsets,
     JMP32 comparisons with zero, and imprecise zero registers (Eduard
     Zingerman)

   - Fix precision tracking for half-dead zero spills, ld_abs/ld_ind
     implicit subprog exit, bpf_loop() callbacks, linked scalar ids and
     NULL call arguments (Eduard Zingerman)

   - Reject BPF_PSEUDO_FUNC reference to the main program, fix zero
     extension of arena 32-bit cmpxchg, don't rewrite bpf_fastcall
     patterns entered by a jump (Eduard Zingerman)

   - Fix percpu map update and BPF_F_CPU validation with sparse CPU IDs
     (Hui Su)

   - Fix NULL-ptr-derefs in bpf_snprintf_btf() for void and VAR types,
     and reject key-less BTF for hash maps (Jiayuan Chen)

   - Various fixes (Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi):
       - Fix out-of-bounds access in disassembler on invalid LDSX
         instruction
       - mark siginfo of signal tracepoints as scalar and
         sched_process_wait argument as nullable
       - mark faultable stack helpers as sleepable
       - reject tail calls and legacy packet loads from callbacks
       - enforce rbtree callback lock restrictions for resilient locks
       - require MEM_PERCPU for percpu kptr stores
       - clear NON_OWN_REF after RCU protection ends
       - mark NULL kptr stores precise
       - preserve inner map identity in callback frames
       - reject non-scalar bpf_loop() iteration counts

   - Fix trampoline allocation slowdown on x86 by using
     EXECMEM_MODULE_DATA (Mike Rapoport)

   - Keep bpf_refcount_acquire() nullable for borrowed RCU kptrs and
     reject untrusted allocated-object pointers (Ning Ding)

   - Fix special fields handling in recycled rhtab elements (Nuoqi Gui,
     Yuan Chen)"

* tag 'bpf-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf: (86 commits)
  bpf, riscv: Make arena support depend on ZACAS
  selftests/bpf: Test pointer bpf_loop iteration count rejection
  bpf: Reject non-scalar bpf_loop iteration counts
  bpf: use mark_arg_precision() in check_mem_size_reg()
  bpf: propagate mark_chain_precision() errors out of loop_flag_is_zero()
  selftests/bpf: precision of a NULL global subprogram BTF_ID argument
  bpf: mark a NULL BTF_ID argument of a global subprogram precise
  selftests/bpf: precision of a NULL kfunc argument
  bpf: mark a NULL kfunc argument precise
  selftests/bpf: precision of a NULL global subprogram memory argument
  bpf: mark a NULL memory argument of a call precise
  selftests/bpf: precision of a NULL helper argument
  bpf: mark a NULL call argument precise
  selftests/bpf: Test inner map identities in callbacks
  bpf: Preserve inner map identity in callback frames
  selftests/bpf: Test imprecise scalar kptr stores
  bpf: Mark NULL kptr stores precise
  selftests/bpf: Test rhtab kptr cancellation semantics
  bpf: Cancel special fields when recycling rhtab elements
  selftests/bpf: Test timer field on recycled rhtab element
  ...
2026-09-06 13:49:44 -07:00
Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi
e615b9fd4d selftests/bpf: Test inner map identities in callbacks
Add load-only timer_mim coverage for inner map identities propagated
through nested timer and bpf_for_each_map_elem() callbacks.

The negative case initializes a timer in the second inner map with the map
saved from the first inner map timer callback. The positive case pairs the
timer value with the map supplied to the same for-each callback.

Without the verifier fix, the mismatched-map program is accepted while the
same-map control is rejected. Preserving map_uid reverses both verdicts.

Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260904104203.345917-9-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2026-09-04 12:24:25 -07:00
Nuoqi Gui
2b97956af6 selftests/bpf: Test rhtab kptr cancellation semantics
Resizable hash-map updates and deletions must not perform full special-field
destruction in their caller context. In particular, a referenced kptr must
remain attached to the allocation until the memory allocator destructor can
release it safely.

Add separate coverage for both affected paths. The update test stores a task
kptr, replaces the ordinary value bytes with BPF_EXIST, and verifies that the
kptr survived. The delete test removes an element and exchanges its kptr
through the still-valid map-value pointer before the allocation is reclaimed.

Both cases observe a NULL kptr when rhtab uses bpf_obj_free_fields(). They
recover and release the reference after rhtab switches to cancellation
semantics.

Signed-off-by: Nuoqi Gui <gnq25@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn>
[ kkd: Split update and delete coverage and rewrote the commit log ]
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260904104203.345917-5-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2026-09-04 12:24:25 -07:00
Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi
dbf6806dc8 selftests/bpf: Test timer field on recycled rhtab element
Exercise the rhtab special-field lifecycle with the sequence from the
original report. A bpf_for_each_map_elem() callback deletes the sole
element, then initializes and arms a timer through the callback value
pointer while it remains valid.

Use a one-element map and pin userspace and BPF execution to one CPU.
Repeated delete-and-replace cycles drain the per-CPU allocator cache, and
periodic RCU synchronization makes the deleted units available for
recycling.

After each replacement, a second BPF program calls bpf_timer_cancel()
on its value. A successful cancellation proves both that a timer-bearing
unit was recycled and that insertion preserved the timer field. Without
the fix, insertion clears that field and cancellation keeps returning
-EINVAL. A long expiration keeps the timer callback out of the test, so
the regression is detected without accessing freed memory.

Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260904104203.345917-3-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2026-09-04 12:24:24 -07:00
Jiayuan Chen
1ae6aa6195 selftests/bpf: Add test for showing a void BTF type
Extend the snprintf_btf test with type_ids from the vmlinux BTF that
used to NULL-deref in the BTF show path: a "const void", checked to
render the "<unsupported kind:0>" placeholder, and a BTF_KIND_VAR,
checked to resolve and render without error.

The program renders from its own buffer and the test picks a VAR whose
resolved type fits it, so the render stays in bounds.

Signed-off-by: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260901104924.346187-6-jiayuan.chen@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2026-09-03 09:31:52 -07:00
Jiayuan Chen
6265b44f2c selftests/bpf: Add test for key-less BTF hash map
Create a hash and an rhash map with btf_key_type_id == 0 and expect
bpf_map_create() to fail with -EINVAL; a positive control with a real
key type confirms the rejection is about the key-less BTF and not some
unrelated failure.

Such a map used to be accepted and then NULL-deref in btf_type_show()
when dumped through bpffs.

Signed-off-by: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260901104924.346187-5-jiayuan.chen@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2026-09-03 09:31:52 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
caf325ab81 LoongArch changes for v7.3
1, Add DIRECT_MAP_PHYSMEM_END definition;
 2, Expand module virtual address space to 2GB;
 3, Use current_stack_pointer in current_pt_regs();
 4, BPF JIT enhancements such as kptr_xchg and timed may_goto;
 5, Some bug fixes and other small changes.
 -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
 
 iQJKBAABCAA0FiEEzOlt8mkP+tbeiYy5AoYrw/LiJnoFAmqDGUUWHGNoZW5odWFj
 YWlAa2VybmVsLm9yZwAKCRAChivD8uImeiE5D/0XYl8xAsOegm2dNuM+kKfqXAV4
 FcbaoB7GuYHWG7lFkVTITwBe8A30BInADrwZQPxv7wb7aTQusTwNjAfq1pX1MOxG
 ET1Fady7dEokCB9VAS/FP24lbF5nDYLVs0kEcx+xvAwQpW750Rk+aWcyCZeX5xgV
 3KrlnYVXDvDYY6HDeuL9pXkKhyRe4uqnPLh1loOhK0HC/NhLCu+tfyLH3pQl/ZCf
 QuNnw93fSTJPvZD2HcTb81tG4ohdj5GXM9SuckfIvNiZoRtc5pMnVE6we1N5yQKY
 E4EwB9fqQ74piMbM2RjLPi5bjgzzdJSGamdEZ4QUau4HjFXZsDiNEfWRmN2Z3qQo
 +zsLzZq43yHsCUsaobWmtmo0Q6YF4pjtyff904YYrPIKH+96dyGsvjbA+n46H7pL
 Eg+HNdOH0t6dU706y0zbR0t1Za4PiM9dZtV3BZT3B8MLMEy7dsVYoBUt+7Kc+eYB
 lq5SlWaFYyOSnC1WL8/uzzrH6adF/62DruHy1ovlWOE6bhPc+uQucXHOyNxyf86h
 xIlOB0hRCO18sYql6WuxpQO9bKP0LCQv5JoeCqjXsKTQgiG3kFAx9bpRmTHt4CqH
 3LWiBRRVzLvScZ0qqerGXXylXXkdN3uagtpSXM+f/bXbWje3cROSyWK4rktwLsPN
 ugAIATgZ8+/B45X56w==
 =h0m2
 -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

Merge tag 'loongarch-7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/chenhuacai/linux-loongson

Pull LoongArch updates from Huacai Chen:

 - Add DIRECT_MAP_PHYSMEM_END definition

 - Expand module virtual address space to 2GB

 - Use current_stack_pointer in current_pt_regs()

 - BPF JIT enhancements such as kptr_xchg and timed may_goto

 - Some bug fixes and other small changes

* tag 'loongarch-7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/chenhuacai/linux-loongson:
  selftests/bpf: Enable kptr_xchg_inline test on LoongArch
  LoongArch: BPF: Add arch_bpf_stack_walk() implementation
  LoongArch: BPF: Add timed may_goto implementation
  LoongArch: BPF: Resolve per-CPU addrs for internal-only MOV
  LoongArch: BPF: Advertise JIT support for kptr xchg inline
  LoongArch: BPF: Align value-returning atomics with LKMM
  LoongArch: BPF: Split unconditional branch JA paths statically
  LoongArch: BPF: Remove dead move_imm() call in BPF_NEG path
  LoongArch: BPF: Remove redundant zext jumping in move_imm()
  LoongArch: BPF: Implement branchless conditional move for TCC
  LoongArch: BPF: Refactor jump offset calculation in tail call
  LoongArch: BPF: Move arena register slot below TCC context
  LoongArch: BPF: Optimize redundant TCC loads in epilogue
  LoongArch: Use current_stack_pointer in current_pt_regs()
  LoongArch: Use generic cmp_int() instead of custom cmp_3way()
  LoongArch: Expand module virtual address space to 2GB
  LoongArch: Add DIRECT_MAP_PHYSMEM_END definition
  LoongArch: Fix acpi_package_ids[] array overflow
2026-08-20 14:46:50 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
91ec203513 Networking changes for 7.3.
Core & protocols
 ----------------
 
  - A few steps lowering rtnl_lock dependence:
    - per-netns netdev unregistration for select SW drivers
      (e.g. veth, ipvlan, tunnels)
    - rtnl_lock-less FIB rule changes (RTM_NEWRULE and RTM_DELRULE)
    - prepare software drivers and TC qdiscs for rtnl_lock-less GET
 
  - Support BIG TCP (>64kB TSO) in UDP tunnels (vxlan, geneve).
 
  - Support buffers larger than PAGE_SIZE in devmem zero-copy API.
 
  - Improve MPTCP handling of extreme memory pressure handling,
    when out-of-order queue had to be pruned.
 
  - Report the per-group user count via RTM_GETMULTICAST.
 
  - Expose the route deletion reason in RTM_DELROUTE.
 
  - Add a SO_RIGHTS_NOTRUNC option to UNIX sockets to enable more useful
    handling of LSM denials when receiving SCM_RIGHTS messages: instead
    of truncating the message at the first blocked fd, keep every fd slot
    and store the LSM errno in the blocked slot.
 
  - IPv6 Segment Routing - support looking up the post-encap SID
    (address) in a different/specified routing table.
 
  - Support PRP RedBox (interlink) creation.
 
  - Support per-nexthop UDP dst port in VXLAN.
 
  - Continue converting getsockopt callbacks in a number of protocols
    to iov_iter.
 
 Ethernet
 --------
 
  - Marge initial CXL support for AMD/Solarflare NICs (shared branch
    with the CXL tree).
 
  - New drivers:
    - ADIN1140 10BASE-T1S MACPHY
    - Initial skeleton of Intel iXD and ZTE Dinghai drivers.
 
  - High-speed NICs:
    - AMD/Pensando:
      - support firmware flashing
    - Cisco (enic):
      - SR-IOV V2 admin channel and MBOX protocol
    - Huawei (hns3):
      - support for ethtool pfc_prevention_tout
    - nVidia/Mellanox:
      - support sharing bandwidth control across interfaces of
        the same device
    - Marvell (octeontx2-pf):
      - link RQ page pools to netdev for Netlink stats
    - Google vNIC:
      - XDP metadata support for DQ RDA
    - Microsoft vNIC:
      - support forcing full-page RX buffers
 
  - Other NICs:
    - Synopsys IP:
      - eic7700: support for eth1
    - Microchip (lan743x):
      - support for RMII interface
    - Wangxun:
      - support for ethtool -G and -C for VFs
      - add Tx timeout and PCIe error handling
    - Intel (igb/igc):
      - RSS key get/set support
      - support for forcing link speed without auto-negotiation
 
  - Switches:
    - NXP (dpaa2):
      - support bonding/LAG offload
    - Mediatek:
      - mt7530: EN7528 support
      - initial support for MT7628
    - Micrel (ksz8/9):
      - refactoring work to move towards library model
      - PTP support for KSZ8463
    - nVidia/Mellanox:
      - support rtnl-lock-less ethtool callbacks
    - Realtek:
      - rtl8366rb: use generic RTL83xx code
      - support SGMII and HSGMII for RTL8367S
 
  - PHYs:
    - Airoha:
      - EcoNet EN7528 PHY support
    - DAPU Telecom
      - DAPU Telecom DAP8211R(I) Gigabit PHY support
    - Realtek:
      - support RTL8261C_CG
      - support RTL8261D
 
 Wireless
 --------
 
  - nl80211: per-link statistics support for multi-link operation
 
  - mac80211: AQL/airtime-fairness support for multicast
 
  - Merge Peripheral Authentication Service (PAS) / TEE support
    for ath12k (shared branch with the firmware/qcom tree).
 
  - New drivers:
    - mm81x for Morse Micro Long-Range S1G devices
    - nxpwifi for NXP devices (mostly forked off from mwifiex)
 
  - Driver changes:
    - Broadcom (brcmfmac):
      - DPP support, some Cypress part update
    - MediaTek (mt76):
      - mt7928 support
      - mt7925 NAN support
      - mt7996 AP powersave improvements
    - Qualcomm (ath12k):
      - much kernel infrastructure integration work
      - AHB platform MultiPD support
    - Realtek (rt89):
      - LED support
      - RTL8922DE support
      - dual-BT coex for RTL8922D
    - Intel:
      - new FW version support
 
 Bluetooth
 ---------
 
  - HCI: add support for Shorter Connection Interval (SCI) feature.
 
  - af_bluetooth: add minimal context analysis annotations.
 
  - Driver changes:
    - Intel:
      - add Bluetooth SAR revision 2 support
      - add vendor_reset PCI sysfs for PLDR
    - Mediatek:
      - add USB IDs for MT7902 and MT7922 devices
    - Realtek:
      - add USB IDs for 8761CU and 8852BE devices
    - NXP:
      - add M.2 Bluetooth device support using pwrseq
 
 Misc
 ----
 
  - DPLL support for manual/numerical oscillator control (NCO)
    (implement in zl3073x).
 
  - MCTP support for MCTP over USB v1.1 (DMTF DSP0283).
 
  - Power-over-Ethernet: support Realtek PSE controllers.
 
  - Remove the IBM EHEA driver.
 
  - Remove tulip/xircom_cb driver.
 
 Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
 -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
 
 iQIzBAABCgAdFiEE6jPA+I1ugmIBA4hXMUZtbf5SIrsFAmqEwJ4ACgkQMUZtbf5S
 Irsegw//fmHJae525nxg3DHoXhrUz8EDDOVoLH6oyWyLQnh5bmbReAY/+oWA4m54
 3KKKO0b2rtgRvmY/7rnjAt3bjecYgCSjvZT7I+NosB0QbbBYc14PtHfYig9HffYm
 uCXfNJOk+aJ2QK4ncEvU2SjgE89Ya7cC+yARFBAwYx4zi/Qx24RB+ziOyvkQ8ksX
 atvMOZrnhwqvYUFOwnOLNHTpvdxB/ZsNwWY6iXcx6EYp9xrtPusbh3FlushWkwxH
 8cI/dNla44TcIKXAzRn0znRdgiEVmCMyHvOv7LKaOfy8P3I+knmuIf/mScYQqOEF
 T143HdXhVSBZFRtLtFKXIja/KsvCjX9lCeMn/2ak0brQDUREcacXxYbuZKDsNAAK
 zXt/+5qAcm/mO8W1gKR9Ulfli5bhFN4HKXgXMLjo5ucPtzfPxFN7HGxTiC3Cxv1v
 lSXexKaj74pNBVFmADrb5jWbq7oG+GzIdjzx3ycvm2q39Fr4nJ2SzrSPPNwc/ItQ
 IHv3tGLQKXlr8dl0+p2mDkRInmHXrawVNsB1UgN8E/jtcwT2QMwyWOV6s5G3uEDl
 a+0U/XsrPvDYBTUCRs/KaOJQGB90QkzLe9DATt159mf+rPzAX2/oCDo8xIEe+kWV
 aivP+YutFfMH/CSC9PMuvdLE2KmoPY4mibAeE4/4AYLKtJnc/yU=
 =zDto
 -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

Merge tag 'net-next-7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next

Pull networking updates from Jakub Kicinski:
 "One of the 'small improvements all over the place' releases for us.

  It's hard to draw any direct comparisons because summer vacations
  disrupted our patch processing (and presumably - generation) quite a
  bit.

  Quick and dirty count suggests we (Paolo and I) merged a very similar
  number of net (632) and net-next (648) patches. This is not telling
  the full story either because 1/3 to 1/2 of the net-next patches also
  *seem* like AI-driven low priority fixes, cleanups and clarifications.

  We are completely overwhelmed, of course. The glimmer of hope is that
  we secured sufficient LLM budget and access (thank you Meta!) to run
  reviews with multiple frontier models on each patch. This eliminates
  some hallucinations. That said, in terms of review, the LLMs can only
  do so much.

  The sad truth is that our APIs (especially for rare events like PCIe
  errors, timeouts etc) have always been racy, and now LLMs don't let us
  ignore that. I expect our direction for the next release will be to
  tweak the reviews a little bit more, but start shifting focus to
  letting the LLMs take care of the busy work - managing patchwork,
  automating common process complaints, editing commit messages, and
  maybe applying patches which already got "reviewed-by" tags from
  people we trust...

  Core & protocols:

   - A few steps lowering rtnl_lock dependence:
      - per-netns netdev unregistration for select SW drivers (e.g.
        veth, ipvlan, tunnels)
      - rtnl_lock-less FIB rule changes (RTM_NEWRULE and RTM_DELRULE)
      - prepare software drivers and TC qdiscs for rtnl_lock-less GET

   - Support BIG TCP (>64kB TSO) in UDP tunnels (vxlan, geneve)

   - Support buffers larger than PAGE_SIZE in devmem zero-copy API

   - Improve MPTCP handling of extreme memory pressure handling, when
     out-of-order queue had to be pruned

   - Report the per-group user count via RTM_GETMULTICAST

   - Expose the route deletion reason in RTM_DELROUTE

   - Add a SO_RIGHTS_NOTRUNC option to UNIX sockets to enable more
     useful handling of LSM denials when receiving SCM_RIGHTS messages:
     instead of truncating the message at the first blocked fd, keep
     every fd slot and store the LSM errno in the blocked slot

   - IPv6 Segment Routing - support looking up the post-encap SID
     (address) in a different/specified routing table

   - Support PRP RedBox (interlink) creation

   - Support per-nexthop UDP dst port in VXLAN

   - Continue converting getsockopt callbacks in a number of protocols
     to iov_iter

  Ethernet:

   - Merge initial CXL support for AMD/Solarflare NICs (shared branch
     with the CXL tree)

   - New drivers:
      - ADIN1140 10BASE-T1S MACPHY
      - Initial skeleton of Intel iXD and ZTE Dinghai drivers

   - High-speed NICs:
      - AMD/Pensando:
         - support firmware flashing
      - Cisco (enic):
         - SR-IOV V2 admin channel and MBOX protocol
      - Huawei (hns3):
         - support for ethtool pfc_prevention_tout
      - nVidia/Mellanox:
         - support sharing bandwidth control across interfaces
           of the same device
      - Marvell (octeontx2-pf):
         - link RQ page pools to netdev for Netlink stats
      - Google vNIC:
         - XDP metadata support for DQ RDA
      - Microsoft vNIC:
         - support forcing full-page RX buffers

   - Other NICs:
      - Synopsys IP:
         - eic7700: support for eth1
      - Microchip (lan743x):
         - support for RMII interface
      - Wangxun:
         - support for ethtool -G and -C for VFs
         - add Tx timeout and PCIe error handling
      - Intel (igb/igc):
         - RSS key get/set support
         - support for forcing link speed without auto-negotiation

   - Switches:
      - NXP (dpaa2):
         - support bonding/LAG offload
      - Mediatek:
         - mt7530: EN7528 support
         - initial support for MT7628
      - Micrel (ksz8/9):
         - refactoring work to move towards library model
         - PTP support for KSZ8463
      - nVidia/Mellanox:
         - support rtnl-lock-less ethtool callbacks
      - Realtek:
         - rtl8366rb: use generic RTL83xx code
         - support SGMII and HSGMII for RTL8367S

   - PHYs:
      - Airoha:
         - EcoNet EN7528 PHY support
      - DAPU Telecom
         - DAPU Telecom DAP8211R(I) Gigabit PHY support
      - Realtek:
         - support RTL8261C_CG
         - support RTL8261D

  Wireless:

   - nl80211: per-link statistics support for multi-link operation

   - mac80211: AQL/airtime-fairness support for multicast

   - Merge Peripheral Authentication Service (PAS) / TEE support for
     ath12k (shared branch with the firmware/qcom tree)

   - New drivers:
      - mm81x for Morse Micro Long-Range S1G devices
      - nxpwifi for NXP devices (mostly forked off from mwifiex)

   - Driver changes:
      - Broadcom (brcmfmac):
         - DPP support, some Cypress part update
      - MediaTek (mt76):
         - mt7928 support
         - mt7925 NAN support
         - mt7996 AP powersave improvements
      - Qualcomm (ath12k):
         - much kernel infrastructure integration work
         - AHB platform MultiPD support
      - Realtek (rt89):
         - LED support
         - RTL8922DE support
         - dual-BT coex for RTL8922D
      - Intel:
         - new FW version support

  Bluetooth:

   - HCI: add support for Shorter Connection Interval (SCI) feature

   - af_bluetooth: add minimal context analysis annotations

   - Driver changes:
      - Intel:
         - add Bluetooth SAR revision 2 support
         - add vendor_reset PCI sysfs for PLDR
      - Mediatek:
         - add USB IDs for MT7902 and MT7922 devices
      - Realtek:
         - add USB IDs for 8761CU and 8852BE devices
      - NXP:
         - add M.2 Bluetooth device support using pwrseq

  Misc:

   - DPLL support for manual/numerical oscillator control (NCO)
     (implement in zl3073x)

   - MCTP support for MCTP over USB v1.1 (DMTF DSP0283)

   - Power-over-Ethernet: support Realtek PSE controllers

   - Remove the IBM EHEA driver

   - Remove tulip/xircom_cb driver"

* tag 'net-next-7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next: (1433 commits)
  net/mlx5e: do not HW-GRO coalesce small frames
  net: openvswitch: fix nf_connlabels leak in ovs_ct_init
  net: add missing ref_tracker_dir_exit() to alloc_netdev_mqs()
  net: openvswitch: fix flow mask use-after-free on flow deletion
  sctp: stop processing a packet once its association is deleted
  dpll: zl3073x: add PTP clock support
  dpll: zl3073x: add channel ToD, phase step and TIE operations
  dpll: zl3073x: scale poll interval proportionally to timeout
  ptp: vmclock: prevent read-only mappings from becoming writable
  ipv4: reject undersized MTUs in ip_do_fragment()
  bonding: initialize err for empty target lists
  net: dsa: initial support for MT7628 embedded switch
  net: dsa: initial MT7628 tagging driver
  net: phy: mediatek: add phy driver for MT7628 built-in Fast Ethernet PHYs
  dt-bindings: net: dsa: add MT7628 ESW
  net: pse-pd: realtek-pse-mcu: add UART transport
  net: pse-pd: realtek-pse-mcu: add I2C transport
  net: pse-pd: add Realtek PSE MCU core
  dt-bindings: net: pse-pd: add bindings for Realtek PSE MCU
  vsock: use sock_error() to consume sk_err after a failed connect
  ...
2026-08-20 08:16:04 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
5a8cd539ac Major changes:
- Redesign the verifier error reporting: failures now carry source and
   instruction annotations along with the causal event history that led
   to them, making program rejections far easier to debug and repair
   (Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi)
 
 - Add arena argument support to kfuncs and struct_ops through the new
   __arena and __arena__nullable suffixes (Tejun Heo, Puranjay Mohan,
   Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi, Ihor Solodrai)
 
 - Signed BPF program loader rework to accommodate both BPF and security
   community needs where the kernel runs the signature verification at
   BPF_PROG_LOAD time before the LSM admission hook (Daniel Borkmann)
 
 - Add a set of ksock kfuncs which let BPF LSM and syscall programs
   create, connect and send on UDP sockets in order to emit telemetry
   data (Mahe Tardy)
 
 - Unify helper and kfunc call argument verification and classify kfunc
   arguments purely from BTF into a generated bpf_func_proto which is
   computed once at add-call time (Amery Hung)
 
 Other features and fixes:
 
 - Enable EXECMEM_ROX_CACHE for BPF allocations on x86 (Mike Rapoport)
 
 - Add bidirectional VLAN support to bpf_fib_lookup() through the new
   BPF_FIB_LOOKUP_VLAN and BPF_FIB_LOOKUP_VLAN_INPUT flags
   (Avinash Duduskar)
 
 - Infer zext_dst from static register liveness analysis to fix 32-bit
   zero-extension semantics, and remove the artificial limitations on
   pointer types eligible for spilling (Eduard Zingerman)
 
 - Inline the numeric open-coded iterator kfuncs so that bpf_for() loops
   no longer pay a kfunc call on every iteration (Puranjay Mohan)
 
 - Add an arena-based bitmap data structure to libarena along with
   serial and parallel selftests (Emil Tsalapatis)
 
 - Teach resolve_btfids to discover kfuncs from the kernel's BTF ID sets
   and to emit kfunc BTF decl tags, reducing the kernel build's
   dependency on pahole features (Ihor Solodrai)
 
 - Add BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_DECAP_* flags to bpf_skb_adjust_room() so that
   tunnel decapsulation can update the GSO and encapsulation state of
   the skb (Nick Hudson)
 
 - Fix the ring buffer pending_pos walk and the available-data
   accounting on 32-bit position wrap (Israel Téllez García)
 
 - Add memory usage accounting for arena maps and fix an mmap_lock
   deadlock on arena lock failure (Jiayuan Chen)
 
 - Add tracing_multi link info support to the kernel UAPI and bpftool,
   and refactor the stack map code to run with preemption disabled
   (Jiri Olsa)
 
 - Support BPF_F_EGRESS in bpf_redirect_peer() to emit the skb in the
   egress direction of the target's peer device (Jordan Rife)
 
 - Add a KF_SPINLOCK_SAFE kfunc flag so that providers, in particular
   modules, can declare kfuncs safe to call under bpf_spin_lock instead
   of relying on the verifier's hard-coded allowlist (Kaitao Cheng)
 
 - Introduce global percpu data for BPF programs with libbpf probing
   and bpftool skeleton support, and stop exposing uninitialized kernel
   heap memory when copying per-CPU map values (Leon Hwang)
 
 - Add s390 JIT support for load-acquire and store-release instructions
   (Maxim Khmelevskii)
 
 - Fix a CFI mismatch in the task work callback and an arm64 KASAN
   false positive after bpf_throw() (Mykyta Yatsenko)
 
 - Reject writes through untrusted BTF pointers and bound the
   rdonly/rdwr_buf_size kfunc arguments (Nicholas Dudar)
 
 - Invalidate RCU pointers only after the final spin unlock and account
   for preempt and IRQ disabled regions as overlapping RCU protection
   (Ning Ding)
 
 - Support mixing bpf2bpf calls and tail calls on RV64, add signed
   operations and 32-bit atomics to the RV32 JIT, and add timed may_goto
   support (Pu Lehui, Kuan-Wei Chiu, Feng Jiang)
 
 - Fix a use-after-free on mm_struct in bpf_find_vma() for foreign tasks
   and an mmap_lock leak in the irq_work path (Sanghyun Park)
 
 - Populate mmap-able BPF array map memory lazily which makes mmap() O(1)
   instead of proportional to the map size (Song Liu)
 
 - Introduce a jit_required flag and reject programs with inlined
   helpers when no JIT is available, where the interpreter would
   otherwise jump into an invalid address (Tiezhu Yang)
 
 - Fix the x86 JIT per-CPU address resolution into an extended register
   where the REX prefix dropped the high destination register bit
   (Vineet Gupta)
 
 - Reject MEM_ALLOC BTF accesses past object bounds, arena frees below
   the arena base, and mixed arena and ordinary atomic paths
   (Yiyang Chen)
 
 - Fix the trampoline handling of 128-bit arguments and of return values
   larger than 8 bytes (Yonghong Song)
 
 - Ensure that any fault prone load is rewritten with exception table
   handling, and fix the arena load-acquire and atomic fetch handling
   in the x86, arm64, riscv and s390 JITs (Daniel Borkmann)
 
 - Many more fixes and cleanups across the verifier, arena, trampolines,
   sockmap, cgroup, ring buffer, x86/arm64/riscv/s390 JITs, libbpf,
   bpftool, resolve_btfids and selftests.
 
 Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
 -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
 
 iIsEABYKADMWIQTFp0I1jqZrAX+hPRXbK58LschIgwUCaoNzBBUcZGFuaWVsQGlv
 Z2VhcmJveC5uZXQACgkQ2yufC7HISIOb3QEAy5cyrLXY+VWofhsC9wULkHyETOdj
 oTkdohQomZp4VhEA/1RZXdHVS1ANFgreWv0fMorUOHEKv2ZuNokfk3LWgW4L
 =VRyL
 -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

Merge tag 'bpf-next-7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf-next

Pull bpf updates from Daniel Borkmann:
 "Major changes:

   - Redesign the verifier error reporting: failures now carry source
     and instruction annotations along with the causal event history
     that led to them, making program rejections far easier to debug and
     repair (Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi)

   - Add arena argument support to kfuncs and struct_ops through the new
     __arena and __arena__nullable suffixes (Tejun Heo, Puranjay Mohan,
     Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi, Ihor Solodrai)

   - Signed BPF program loader rework to accommodate both BPF and
     security community needs where the kernel runs the signature
     verification at BPF_PROG_LOAD time before the LSM admission hook
     (Daniel Borkmann)

   - Add a set of ksock kfuncs which let BPF LSM and syscall programs
     create, connect and send on UDP sockets in order to emit telemetry
     data (Mahe Tardy)

   - Unify helper and kfunc call argument verification and classify
     kfunc arguments purely from BTF into a generated bpf_func_proto
     which is computed once at add-call time (Amery Hung)

  Other features and fixes:

   - Enable EXECMEM_ROX_CACHE for BPF allocations on x86 (Mike Rapoport)

   - Add bidirectional VLAN support to bpf_fib_lookup() through the new
     BPF_FIB_LOOKUP_VLAN and BPF_FIB_LOOKUP_VLAN_INPUT flags (Avinash
     Duduskar)

   - Infer zext_dst from static register liveness analysis to fix 32-bit
     zero-extension semantics, and remove the artificial limitations on
     pointer types eligible for spilling (Eduard Zingerman)

   - Inline the numeric open-coded iterator kfuncs so that bpf_for()
     loops no longer pay a kfunc call on every iteration (Puranjay
     Mohan)

   - Add an arena-based bitmap data structure to libarena along with
     serial and parallel selftests (Emil Tsalapatis)

   - Teach resolve_btfids to discover kfuncs from the kernel's BTF ID
     sets and to emit kfunc BTF decl tags, reducing the kernel build's
     dependency on pahole features (Ihor Solodrai)

   - Add BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_DECAP_* flags to bpf_skb_adjust_room() so that
     tunnel decapsulation can update the GSO and encapsulation state of
     the skb (Nick Hudson)

   - Fix the ring buffer pending_pos walk and the available-data
     accounting on 32-bit position wrap (Israel Téllez García)

   - Add memory usage accounting for arena maps and fix an mmap_lock
     deadlock on arena lock failure (Jiayuan Chen)

   - Add tracing_multi link info support to the kernel UAPI and bpftool,
     and refactor the stack map code to run with preemption disabled
     (Jiri Olsa)

   - Support BPF_F_EGRESS in bpf_redirect_peer() to emit the skb in the
     egress direction of the target's peer device (Jordan Rife)

   - Add a KF_SPINLOCK_SAFE kfunc flag so that providers, in particular
     modules, can declare kfuncs safe to call under bpf_spin_lock
     instead of relying on the verifier's hard-coded allowlist (Kaitao
     Cheng)

   - Introduce global percpu data for BPF programs with libbpf probing
     and bpftool skeleton support, and stop exposing uninitialized
     kernel heap memory when copying per-CPU map values (Leon Hwang)

   - Add s390 JIT support for load-acquire and store-release
     instructions (Maxim Khmelevskii)

   - Fix a CFI mismatch in the task work callback and an arm64 KASAN
     false positive after bpf_throw() (Mykyta Yatsenko)

   - Reject writes through untrusted BTF pointers and bound the
     rdonly/rdwr_buf_size kfunc arguments (Nicholas Dudar)

   - Invalidate RCU pointers only after the final spin unlock and
     account for preempt and IRQ disabled regions as overlapping RCU
     protection (Ning Ding)

   - Support mixing bpf2bpf calls and tail calls on RV64, add signed
     operations and 32-bit atomics to the RV32 JIT, and add timed
     may_goto support (Pu Lehui, Kuan-Wei Chiu, Feng Jiang)

   - Fix a use-after-free on mm_struct in bpf_find_vma() for foreign
     tasks and an mmap_lock leak in the irq_work path (Sanghyun Park)

   - Populate mmap-able BPF array map memory lazily which makes mmap()
     O(1) instead of proportional to the map size (Song Liu)

   - Introduce a jit_required flag and reject programs with inlined
     helpers when no JIT is available, where the interpreter would
     otherwise jump into an invalid address (Tiezhu Yang)

   - Fix the x86 JIT per-CPU address resolution into an extended
     register where the REX prefix dropped the high destination register
     bit (Vineet Gupta)

   - Reject MEM_ALLOC BTF accesses past object bounds, arena frees below
     the arena base, and mixed arena and ordinary atomic paths (Yiyang
     Chen)

   - Fix the trampoline handling of 128-bit arguments and of return
     values larger than 8 bytes (Yonghong Song)

   - Ensure that any fault prone load is rewritten with exception table
     handling, and fix the arena load-acquire and atomic fetch handling
     in the x86, arm64, riscv and s390 JITs (Daniel Borkmann)

   - Many more fixes and cleanups across the verifier, arena,
     trampolines, sockmap, cgroup, ring buffer, x86/arm64/riscv/s390
     JITs, libbpf, bpftool, resolve_btfids and selftests"

* tag 'bpf-next-7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf-next: (373 commits)
  selftests/bpf: Add tests for a store on a fault prone qdisc pointer
  selftests/bpf: Add tests for fault prone loads out of RCU pointers
  selftests/bpf: Add tests for pointer type merge at a shared load
  selftests/bpf: Remove duplicate copies of the arena spinlock qnodes
  selftests/bpf: Retry stat generation in cgroup_iter_memcg
  selftests/bpf: Test pseudo-function policy diagnostics
  bpf: Distinguish function references in policy diagnostics
  bpf: Preserve source attribution without source text
  selftests/bpf: Test kfunc argument diagnostics
  bpf: Correct kfunc argument diagnostics
  bpf: Use canonical stack argument names in diagnostics
  bpf: Preserve R0 lineage across helper calls
  selftests/bpf: Exercise negative optlen in cgroup getsockopt hook
  bpf: Reject negative optlen in cgroup getsockopt hook
  selftests/bpf: tc_tunnel - validate decap GSO and encapsulation state
  bpf: Clear decap state on skb_adjust_room shrink path
  bpf: Allow new DECAP flags and add guard rails
  bpf: Add BPF_F_ADJ_ROOM_DECAP_* flags for tunnel decapsulation
  bpf: Refactor masks for ADJ_ROOM flags and encap validation
  bpf: Name the enum for BPF_FUNC_skb_adjust_room flags
  ...
2026-08-20 07:36:20 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
081e5bf2a9 tracing updates for v7.3:
- Expose btf_ids to trace events
 
   In order to allow BPF programs to attach to system call trace events (which
   are actually pseudo trace events built on top of raw_syscall events),
   expose the BTF ID of the events. This will allow BPF programs better
   precision in attaching to events.
 
 - Use "u64" to assign to hist_field->type
 
   Instead of using kstrdup("u64", GFP_KERNEL) to assign the hist_field->type,
   just point it to "u64" instead. The hist_field->type is freed via
   kfree_const().
 
 - Replace kmalloc()/strcpy() with kstrdup() for trace_printk
 
   Instead of having two calls to copy the module format string, just use
   kstrdup().
 
 - Use __free() in trace event histograms and triggres where possible
 
 - Use seq_buf in trace event code instead of strcat()
 
   Instead of calculating the size of the buffer to use and filling it with
   strcat(), use the seq_buf infrastructure that takes care of making sure
   not to overflow the string size.
 
 - Reject invalid preemptirq_delay_test CPU affinity
 
   The preempt_delay_test module can take an invalid CPU affinity mask and
   create confusing output. Simply have the module reject invalid affinity
   masks.
 
 - Prevent division by zero in ftrace_ops sample module code
 
   If the ftrace_ops sample module code receives the module parameter
   nr_function_calls set to zero, it can cause a division by zero error.
 
 - Warn when an event dereferences a parameter in TP_printk()
 
   On boot up and module load, the trace event TP_printk() is scanned for
   possible bugs. As the TP_printk() code is executed when the user reads the
   "trace" file and processes the data written when the trace_event executed,
   the data it reads can be literally days old. The scan currently checks for
   dereferencing printk formats like "%pI6". But it does not check if the
   parameters themselves have a dereference like:
 
   TP_printk("offset %08x: value %08x",
            (u32)(__entry->addr - __entry->edma->membase), __entry->value)
 
   __entry represents the pointer to the event on the ring buffer. The
   __entry->edma->membase is dereferencing a pointer on the ring buffer to
   find membase, but the __entry->edma may no longer be a valid pointer.
 
   Warn on this case too.
 
 - Replace some strcpy() with strscpy()
 
 - Clean up mmiotrace events to use assign_type() macro
 
   The assign_type() macro makes sure the event type is indeed the type that
   is being parsed. The mmiotrace trace was written before that macro was
   created so it just simply typecasted the pointer.
 
   Replace the typecasting with the macro.
 
 - Have the ENUM processing to numbers only process what is added
 
   The code that converts ENUMs to their numbers in the trace events scanned
   all events to do the processing. This was true when a module was loaded
   too. That is, instead of processing just the events for the module, it
   processed *all* events. Even the builtin ones that were processed at boot
   up.
 
   Add a check for the event->module matching mod if it is a module before
   processing it.
 -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
 
 iIoEABYKADIWIQRRSw7ePDh/lE+zeZMp5XQQmuv6qgUCan+WhRQccm9zdGVkdEBn
 b29kbWlzLm9yZwAKCRAp5XQQmuv6qk1sAQDIvuux39ii379T9hTm7hgXF9Dr8aH7
 RgxILUmr3c4y6QD+Iv9QQto+NfauqjkEMdPuVdOyUpDCYPTRw9i/YCty7Qk=
 =vya7
 -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

Merge tag 'trace-v7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace

Pull tracing updates from Steven Rostedt:

 - Expose btf_ids to trace events

   In order to allow BPF programs to attach to system call trace events
   (which are actually pseudo trace events built on top of raw_syscall
   events), expose the BTF ID of the events. This will allow BPF
   programs better precision in attaching to events.

 - Use "u64" to assign to hist_field->type

   Instead of using kstrdup("u64", GFP_KERNEL) to assign the
   hist_field->type, just point it to "u64" instead. The
   hist_field->type is freed via kfree_const().

 - Replace kmalloc()/strcpy() with kstrdup() for trace_printk

   Instead of having two calls to copy the module format string, just
   use kstrdup().

 - Use __free() in trace event histograms and triggres where possible

 - Use seq_buf in trace event code instead of strcat()

   Instead of calculating the size of the buffer to use and filling it
   with strcat(), use the seq_buf infrastructure that takes care of
   making sure not to overflow the string size.

 - Reject invalid preemptirq_delay_test CPU affinity

   The preempt_delay_test module can take an invalid CPU affinity mask
   and create confusing output. Simply have the module reject invalid
   affinity masks.

 - Prevent division by zero in ftrace_ops sample module code

   If the ftrace_ops sample module code receives the module parameter
   nr_function_calls set to zero, it can cause a division by zero error.

 - Warn when an event dereferences a parameter in TP_printk()

   On boot up and module load, the trace event TP_printk() is scanned
   for possible bugs. As the TP_printk() code is executed when the user
   reads the "trace" file and processes the data written when the
   trace_event executed, the data it reads can be literally days old.
   The scan currently checks for dereferencing printk formats like
   "%pI6". But it does not check if the parameters themselves have a
   dereference like:

	TP_printk("offset %08x: value %08x",
		(u32)(__entry->addr - __entry->edma->membase), __entry->value)

   __entry represents the pointer to the event on the ring buffer. The
   __entry->edma->membase is dereferencing a pointer on the ring buffer
   to find membase, but the __entry->edma may no longer be a valid
   pointer.

   Warn on this case too.

 - Replace some strcpy() with strscpy()

 - Clean up mmiotrace events to use assign_type() macro

   The assign_type() macro makes sure the event type is indeed the type
   that is being parsed. The mmiotrace trace was written before that
   macro was created so it just simply typecasted the pointer.

   Replace the typecasting with the macro.

 - Have the ENUM processing to numbers only process what is added

   The code that converts ENUMs to their numbers in the trace events
   scanned all events to do the processing. This was true when a module
   was loaded too. That is, instead of processing just the events for
   the module, it processed *all* events. Even the builtin ones that
   were processed at boot up.

   Add a check for the event->module matching mod if it is a module
   before processing it.

* tag 'trace-v7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace: (21 commits)
  tracing: Have trace_event_update_all() only handle module that is loading
  tracing: Cleanup event_enable_trigger_parse() by using __free()
  tracing: Report every TP_printk double dereference
  tracing/mmiotrace: Use trace_assign_type() in mmio_print_mark()
  tracing: Make per-template BTF id lists file-local
  tracing: Use seq_buf for string concatenation
  tracing: Use strscpy() instead of strcpy() in trace_sched_switch
  tracing: Warn when an event dereferences a pointer in TP_printk()
  samples/ftrace: Prevent division by zero when nr_function_calls is zero
  tracing: Reject invalid preemptirq_delay_test CPU affinity
  fgraph: Use trace_seq_putc() in print_graph_return()
  tracing/user_events: Replace a seq_printf() call by seq_puts() in user_seq_show()
  tracing/user_events: Use seq_putc() in two functions
  tracing: Bound histogram expression strings with seq_buf
  tracing: Return ERR_PTR() from expr_str()
  tracing: Use __free() for expr_str() buffer
  kernel/trace/trace_printk: Use kstrdup() instead of kmalloc() and strcpy()
  tracing: Point constant hist field type to string literal
  selftests/bpf: Add test for tracepoint btf_ids tracefs file
  tracing: Expose tracepoint BTF ids via tracefs
  ...
2026-08-19 14:06:14 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
8915457146 Performance events updates for v7.3:
uprobes updates:
 
  - Patch series to fix a category of bugs with optimized uprobes that
    can clobber the redzone area with call instruction storing return
    address on stack where user code may keep temporary data without
    adjusting RSP. Fix this by moving the optimized uprobes on top of
    10-bytes NOP instruction, so we can squeeze another instruction to
    escape the redzone area before doing the call.
    (Jiri Olsa, Andrii Nakryiko)
 
  - Switch uretprobes_srcu to SRCU-fast-updown, to improve performance
    (Puranjay Mohan)
 
 Intel CPU PMU driver updates:
 
  - Optimize ACR handling in match_prev_assignment() (Dapeng Mi)
  - Patch series to fix various PMU driver bugs and data leaks (Dapeng Mi)
  - Fix Intel PT stop/start with no update (Adrian Hunter)
 
 Intel uncore PMU driver updates:
 
  - Series to fix various uncore PMU setup robustness bugs (Zide Chen)
 
 AMD uncore PMU driver updates:
 
  - Add group validation (Sandipan Das)
 
 Misc fixes and updates by Dapeng Mi, Randy Dunlap and Zide Chen.
 
 Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
 -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
 
 iQJFBAABCgAvFiEEBpT5eoXrXCwVQwEKEnMQ0APhK1gFAmqC1G0RHG1pbmdvQGtl
 cm5lbC5vcmcACgkQEnMQ0APhK1gMehAAh/p3A42YKWgcEjnlmCTJ+RTGTrLbL/OB
 Q2uj4H9D32lBV8+ZyBjt3iVT5u8Z3pliUMAq4yaLua6SiWO4gbb/XLp7K9tnHSj9
 J/9zvOdxC74ZmnuKYzcjmSAFzYL0VmfHoHUMXNKEqjP/cfZnlp7Zhs7n0s+aEt9h
 IzkgzUt3maY7xjXnBXiHHmIvOrGt5i2avXFJxUeE6YPnRjUK6+8b8jzJTsvL7GrM
 lVTG7D0ptRELVKpgvbHWAK4738Oxls0tB6KmEHO+lMwM5i2OFy/Xs3PxX7Z6ruII
 3+RUAk9K8MNpxG+eIUzBs+Qu3a3cS/bAMS4LiD+oKSg0OxAbnvRey1l0uQOZLevb
 UUG3mNMpOJ0rfQIBMT0FhJZ7Rk6V0XRCfjyXnrZhfjCa879g+GPxrHoSAVjMa0PG
 S1y51mj5QNeXwMi7U9Pwl88GF2TLsxj1kNlpgMrFfZywjXD5wp2Oqd6s+fVuFk/X
 5FuUcY7evchxXjlfrYM84gtBBklVeOmd4yrqAGmhM5LUoFBCTt6HPzzn8U9Z8BIm
 qZvtSsZ4/FGQPNrAbGXXQ1tWxxP+g0HeRYmyxoj2n6Xpope8vDdWzs/cA1NeG9Dl
 4sbwkiOmWUCBniR05oTTCFtSejnr3UIq/H/ulUJRSRHocGaveFVhuUJYqQRsfUSX
 d223r/dlwj0=
 =V8n9
 -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

Merge tag 'perf-core-2026-08-17' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

Pull performance events updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "uprobes updates:

   - Fix a category of bugs with optimized uprobes that can clobber the
     redzone area with call instruction storing return address on stack
     where user code may keep temporary data without adjusting RSP.

     Fix this by moving the optimized uprobes on top of 10-bytes NOP
     instruction, so we can squeeze another instruction to escape the
     redzone area before doing the call (Jiri Olsa, Andrii Nakryiko)

   - Switch uretprobes_srcu to SRCU-fast-updown, to improve performance
     (Puranjay Mohan)

  Intel CPU PMU driver updates:

   - Optimize ACR handling in match_prev_assignment() (Dapeng Mi)

   - Fix various PMU driver bugs and data leaks (Dapeng Mi)

   - Fix Intel PT stop/start with no update (Adrian Hunter)

  Intel uncore PMU driver updates:

   - Fix various uncore PMU setup robustness bugs (Zide Chen)

  AMD uncore PMU driver updates:

   - Add group validation (Sandipan Das)

  .. and misc fixes and updates by Dapeng Mi, Randy Dunlap and Zide Chen"

* tag 'perf-core-2026-08-17' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (42 commits)
  perf/x86: Optimize ACR handling in match_prev_assignment()
  perf/x86/intel: Fix intel_cap handling on hybrid PMUs
  perf/x86: Remove stale fixed counter helper and fix hybrid PMU access
  perf/x86/intel: Unwind cpuc state if PEBS buffer setup fails
  perf/x86: Guard intel_pmu_cpu_dead() against invalid hybrid PMU casts
  perf/x86: Free hybrid state on PMU init failure
  perf/x86: Unregister PMI handler on PMU init failure
  perf/x86/intel/pt: Fix stop/start with no update
  perf/x86/intel/pt: Use bitwise access for PERF_HES_STOPPED
  perf/x86/intel/pt: Factor out pt_config_enable()
  uprobes: Switch uretprobes_srcu to SRCU-fast-updown
  srcu: Add lock guard for srcu_fast_updown flavor
  perf/x86/intel/pt: Drop kernel-doc for deleted struct members
  perf/x86/amd/uncore: Add group validation
  selftests/bpf: Add tests for forked/cloned optimized uprobes
  selftests/bpf: Add tests for uprobe nop10 red zone clobbering
  selftests/bpf: Add reattach tests for uprobe syscall
  selftests/bpf: Change uprobe/usdt trigger bench code to use nop10
  selftests/bpf: Change uprobe syscall tests to use nop10
  selftests/bpf: Emit nop,nop10 instructions combo for x86_64 arch
  ...
2026-08-18 12:31:07 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
de03b17ec0 vfs-7.3-rc1.kfunc
Please consider pulling these changes from the signed vfs-7.3-rc1.kfunc tag.
 
 Thanks!
 Christian
 -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
 
 iHUEABYKAB0WIQRAhzRXHqcMeLMyaSiRxhvAZXjcogUCan7RJQAKCRCRxhvAZXjc
 oqBnAQDzCTHIa0wColluZLaFVuL4pvipQzC7tjUUQCwPmy85EwEA2cyeguEkNYJZ
 SK3m4z8kfuZjO2tEOig+XCkmtVrSMQQ=
 =6gwq
 -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

Merge tag 'vfs-7.3-rc1.kfunc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs

Pull vfs bpf access updates from Christian Brauner:
 "This adds a bpf_sock_read_xattr() kfunc so a BPF LSM program can read
  a user.* extended attribute from a socket's sockfs inode locklessly.

  userspace already uses user.* xattrs on sockets to implement socket
  rate limiting and to tag sockets for other purposes such as a varlink
  registry. There has been no efficient way for a BPF program to read
  those labels back. With this a listening socket marked from userspace
  with fsetxattr() can be read back during bind or connect and acted
  upon on the connecting socket. That lets userspace mark sockets and
  later rediscover them or implement policy on them"

* tag 'vfs-7.3-rc1.kfunc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs:
  selftests/bpf: Add test for bpf_sock_read_xattr() kfunc
  fs: Add bpf_sock_read_xattr() kfunc to read socket xattrs
2026-08-17 11:02:10 -07:00
Daniel Borkmann
f79066c784
selftests/bpf: Add tests for a store on a fault prone qdisc pointer
Cover the store which used to be left as a plain BPF_STX without an
exception table entry:

  1: R1=trusted_ptr_Qdisc()
  ; struct Qdisc *next = sch->next_sched;
  1: (79) r1 = *(u64 *)(r1 +216)        ; R1=ptr_Qdisc()
  ; next->limit = 1000;
  3: (63) *(u32 *)(r1 +20) = r2         ; R1=ptr_Qdisc() R2=1000

Assert that it is rejected now.

  # LDLIBS=-static PKG_CONFIG='pkg-config --static' ./vmtest.sh -- ./test_progs -t ns_bpf_qdisc
  [...]
  #257/1   ns_bpf_qdisc/fifo:OK
  #257/2   ns_bpf_qdisc/fq:OK
  #257/3   ns_bpf_qdisc/attach to mq:OK
  #257/4   ns_bpf_qdisc/attach to non root:OK
  #257/5   ns_bpf_qdisc/incompl_ops:OK
  #257/6   ns_bpf_qdisc/invalid_dynptr:OK
  #257/7   ns_bpf_qdisc/invalid_dynptr_cross_frame:OK
  #257/8   ns_bpf_qdisc/invalid_dynptr_slice:OK
  #257/9   ns_bpf_qdisc/untrusted_write:OK
  #257/10  ns_bpf_qdisc/dynptr_use_after_invalidate_clone:OK
  #257     ns_bpf_qdisc:OK
  Summary: 1/10 PASSED, 0 SKIPPED, 0/0 FAILED

Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260817141015.878071-3-daniel@iogearbox.net
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
2026-08-17 19:31:53 +02:00
Daniel Borkmann
2b918fe2f1
selftests/bpf: Add tests for fault prone loads out of RCU pointers
Cover the two loads which used to lose the BPF_PROBE_MEM rewrite, both reached
from an RCU read-side critical section. The purpose of this patch is to assert
load success in order to make sure to not trigger verifier_bug_if() on
bpf_may_fault_on_deref() due to forgotten rewrite of a probed pointer.

  # LDLIBS=-static PKG_CONFIG='pkg-config --static' ./vmtest.sh -- ./test_progs -t rcu_read_lock
  [...]
  #332/1   rcu_read_lock/success:OK
  #332/2   rcu_read_lock/rcuptr_acquire:OK
  #332/3   rcu_read_lock/negative_tests_inproper_region:OK
  #332/4   rcu_read_lock/negative_tests_rcuptr_misuse:OK
  #332     rcu_read_lock:OK
  Summary: 1/4 PASSED, 0 SKIPPED, 0/0 FAILED

Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260817141015.878071-2-daniel@iogearbox.net
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
2026-08-17 19:31:52 +02:00
Andrii Nakryiko
3d9393ff98 selftests/bpf: Retry stat generation in cgroup_iter_memcg
Each cgroup_iter_memcg subtest touches 1024 pages and expects the matching
memcg counter to be non-zero. On a host with many CPUs it reads zero
instead:

  test_anon:FAIL:final anon mapped val: actual 0 <= expected 0

memcg stats are cached per-cpu and only become visible once the periodic
flusher runs (FLUSH_TIME, 2s), or once pending updates cross
MEMCG_CHARGE_BATCH * num_online_cpus(). That threshold is 512 pages at 8
CPUs but 8192 at 128, so a single pass no longer reaches it and
bpf_mem_cgroup_flush_stats() returns without flushing anything.

Retry the stat generation, sleeping in between, so that a flusher cycle is
always covered. Sleep before dropping the mapping, so that a flusher cycle
landing in the sleep observes the mapped state. nr_anon_mapped and
nr_file_mapped are rmap gauges, and unmapping first would post a matching
negative delta for the flusher to aggregate to a net zero.

test_file asserts on both nr_file_pages and nr_file_mapped, which have
different lifetimes, as page cache pages outlive the mapping. Retry
while either one is still zero.

Fixes: 6bce6ddbe6 ("bpf: selftests: selftests for memcg stat kfuncs")
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260814232017.2839959-1-andrii@kernel.org
2026-08-17 17:14:48 +02:00
Chenguang Zhao
6afb035996 selftests/bpf: Enable kptr_xchg_inline test on LoongArch
Enable the kptr_xchg_inline functional test on LoongArch64 now that the
BPF JIT can inline bpf_kptr_xchg() with correct memory ordering.

Acked-by: Hengqi Chen <hengqi.chen@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
Tested-by: Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Chenguang Zhao <zhaochenguang@kylinos.cn>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
2026-08-17 22:07:49 +08:00
Junseo Lim
6b0835ac79 selftests/bpf: Exercise negative optlen in cgroup getsockopt hook
Add a cgroup getsockopt selftest that sets ctx->optlen to -1. Use
TCP_ZEROCOPY_RECEIVE to exercise the kernel-buffer getsockopt hook.

The userspace-visible result is -EFAULT on both patched and unpatched
kernels, so the return value alone cannot distinguish the bug. The test
still exercises the kernel-buffer getsockopt path with a negative
ctx->optlen, which reproduces the hardened usercopy warning on unpatched
kernels.

Signed-off-by: Junseo Lim <zirajs7@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/4dbdcda23b2f2be06c5659f8102cd6bd036825b3.1786448307.git.zirajs7@gmail.com
2026-08-17 11:33:29 +02:00
Nick Hudson
adb7719730 selftests/bpf: tc_tunnel - validate decap GSO and encapsulation state
tc_tunnel only partially validated decap state and missed some tunnel
cases. In particular, IPXIP decap checks were not exercised for
IPIP/SIT paths, and non-GSO decap encapsulation state was not
verified.

Tighten the test by:

- setting DECAP_IPXIP4/6 flags for IPIP/SIT/IP6 decap paths based on
  the outer tunnel header family;
- requiring needed DECAP enum values via CO-RE enum existence checks
  so missing kernel support fails fast;
- validating post-decap tunnel state for both GSO and non-GSO packets:
  expected gso_type bits must be cleared and skb->encapsulation must
  match remaining tunnel flags;
- removing forced TSO disable in the test harness so GSO validation is
  exercised.

This improves coverage for decap tunnel-state regressions and ensures
sit_none/ipip-style paths are checked correctly.

Signed-off-by: Nick Hudson <nhudson@akamai.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260812083115.73100-7-nhudson@akamai.com
2026-08-17 11:30:28 +02:00
Mahe Tardy
c93cbdb13f selftests/bpf: Add ksock test for async callback guard
Because the kfuncs are going through LSM hooks, allowing their use via
workqueue callbacks would expose the wrong credentials. This test
ensures the kfunc are preventing any use from these contexts.

Signed-off-by: Mahe Tardy <mahe.tardy@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@fomichev.me>
Acked-by: Song Liu <song@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260813110540.103550-6-mahe.tardy@gmail.com
2026-08-15 23:36:19 +02:00
Mahe Tardy
7b0dfbf577 selftests/bpf: Test forbidden bpf_ksock_send() LSM attach
The bpf_ksock_send() kfunc eventually calls security_socket_sendmsg(),
thus creating a possible recursion if a program calling the kfunc is
attached on that specific hook. A filter is added on the kfunc
registration to prevent that at load time from the verifier. This test
exercises that the verifier will reject such program on that attach
point.

Signed-off-by: Mahe Tardy <mahe.tardy@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@fomichev.me>
Acked-by: Song Liu <song@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260813110540.103550-5-mahe.tardy@gmail.com
2026-08-15 23:36:19 +02:00
Mahe Tardy
c7838e3dc6 selftests/bpf: Add ksock kfunc test
Add a selftest that exercises the ksock kfuncs end-to-end. One syscall
BPF setup program creates a ksock context and connects the socket.
Another LSM sleepable BPF program looks up the context and send test
data. The userspace harness creates a network namespace and a new socket
on loopback, run the setup syscall prog and send LSM BPF prog then check
that the userspace socket received the data from BPF.

Signed-off-by: Mahe Tardy <mahe.tardy@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Reviewed-by: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@linux.dev>
Acked-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@fomichev.me>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260813110540.103550-4-mahe.tardy@gmail.com
2026-08-15 23:36:18 +02:00
Vineet Gupta
f61306e8c9 selftests/bpf: Check per-CPU address resolution per register
An ld_imm64 of a per-CPU map value is followed by a mov_percpu_addr that
reuses the same register, so which register the address lands in decides
how the JIT encodes the add. Getting the REX prefix wrong there is
invisible to a functional test unless the address happens to land in an
extended register, which is why this went unnoticed.

Load a .percpu variable into every register in one program and match the
JITed add against the register each one must resolve into.

Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vineet.gupta@linux.dev>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260814220254.3797467-3-vineet.gupta@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
2026-08-14 23:55:32 -07:00
Leon Hwang
90bd0329ab selftests/bpf: Improve readability in iter test for percpu data
The original 'offsetof()' + offset is equal to the new 'offsetof()'. Use
the new 'offsetof()' instead.

Rename two variables btw:

* offsetof_num -> num_off
* percpu_data_sum -> sum

Signed-off-by: Leon Hwang <leon.hwang@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260814173206.93082-6-leon.hwang@linux.dev
2026-08-14 13:33:37 -07:00
Andrii Nakryiko
073574da7a selftests/bpf: Use ping_command() for IPv6 pings in lwt_ip_encap
lwt_ip_encap hardcodes the ping6 binary for its IPv6 pings. iputils
merged ping6 into ping long ago and distros have started dropping the
compat symlink -- Arch's iputils 20250605 ships only arping, clockdiff,
ping and tracepath. There, every lwt_ip_encap subtest fails:

  check_ping_ok:FAIL:ip netns exec ns-lwt-ip-encap-1-0101330 ping6 -c 1 \
    -W1 -I veth1 fb04::1 > /dev/null unexpected error: 256 (errno 2)
  #217/1   lwt_ip_encap_ipv4/egress:FAIL

The IPv4 subtests fail too, because check_ping_ok() pings both families.
SYS() runs the command through system(), so a missing binary is
indistinguishable from an unreachable peer.

network_helpers.c has had ping_command() for exactly this since commit
372642ea83 ("selftests/bpf: Move netcnt test under test_progs"): it
falls back to "ping -6" when ping6 is not present. lwt_ip_encap.c is the
last hardcoded ping6 user. Fix that.

Fixes: f5e288943e ("selftests/bpf: Move test_lwt_ip_encap to test_progs")
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <song@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260813213558.3103179-1-andrii@kernel.org
2026-08-14 18:18:45 +02:00
Puranjay Mohan
05a3575f22
selftests/bpf: Enable __arena argument tests on arm64
The arena kfunc and struct_ops argument tests were restricted to x86-64
because it was the only JIT that implemented the conversions. arm64 does
now, so let them run there too: tag every program in arena_kfunc.c with
__arch_arm64 in addition to __arch_x86_64, and widen the __x86_64__
guards in the struct_ops arena test.

Without this the tests report SKIP on arm64 rather than exercising the
newly added JIT support.

Signed-off-by: Puranjay Mohan <puranjay@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Xu Kuohai <xukuohai@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260813190356.335181-7-puranjay@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
2026-08-14 05:55:03 +02:00
Eduard Zingerman
033506fc06 selftests/bpf: Guarantee zero termination for veristat test buffers
In veristat tests replace direct read() calls with calls to
read_output() utility function, which:
- guarantees that the input buffer is zero terminated;
- asserts that read operation succeeded.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260811-veristat-filter-fix-v2-3-6c234c4cd6ef@gmail.com
2026-08-13 15:50:55 -07:00
Eduard Zingerman
6c034d962b selftests/bpf: Exercise veristat filtering logic in a selftest
Test cases for veristat file/prog name filtering logic.
Check various formulations for any (*foo*), file (*foo*/),
prog (/bar) and file/prog (*foo*/bar) filters, alongside
erroneous filters and mixed allow/deny filter expressions.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260811-veristat-filter-fix-v2-2-6c234c4cd6ef@gmail.com
2026-08-13 15:50:55 -07:00
Leon Hwang
15945d02c6 selftests/bpf: Verify bpf_iter for global percpu data
Add a test to verify that it is OK to iter the percpu_array map used for
global percpu data.

Signed-off-by: Leon Hwang <leon.hwang@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Emil Tsalapatis <emil@etsalapatis.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260813152324.97937-11-leon.hwang@linux.dev
2026-08-13 10:27:41 -07:00
Leon Hwang
1ed2294b31 selftests/bpf: Test verifier log for global percpu data
Add two tests to verify the verifier log
"R%d points to percpu_array map which cannot be used as const string\n".

Signed-off-by: Leon Hwang <leon.hwang@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Emil Tsalapatis <emil@etsalapatis.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260813152324.97937-10-leon.hwang@linux.dev
2026-08-13 10:27:40 -07:00
Leon Hwang
3993d5beef selftests/bpf: Test direct reading/writing read-only percpu_array map
Verify these two cases:

1. Direct reading the data of read-only percpu data's percpu_array map
   is allowed.
2. Direct writing the data of read-only percpu data's percpu_array map
   is disallowed.

Assisted-by: Codex:gpt-5.5-xhigh
Signed-off-by: Leon Hwang <leon.hwang@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260813152324.97937-9-leon.hwang@linux.dev
2026-08-13 10:27:40 -07:00
Leon Hwang
4c9241bd73 selftests/bpf: Add tests to verify global percpu data
If the arch, like s390x, does not support percpu insn, these cases won't
test global percpu data by checking FEAT_PERCPU_DATA support.

The following APIs have been tested for global percpu data:

1. bpf_map__set_initial_value()
2. bpf_map__initial_value()
3. bpf_map__set_value_size()
4. generated percpu struct pointer pointing to internal map's mmaped data
5. bpf_map__lookup_elem() for global percpu data map
6. bpf_map_lookup_elem_flags() for global percpu data map

At the same time, the case is also tested with 'bpftool gen skeleton -L'.

Assisted-by: Codex:gpt-5.5-xhigh
Signed-off-by: Leon Hwang <leon.hwang@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260813152324.97937-8-leon.hwang@linux.dev
2026-08-13 10:27:40 -07:00
Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi
d7842e98ca selftests/bpf: Test resolve_btfids arena argument suffixes
Add a suffix-only kfunc declaration with arena annotations on all five
arguments. Verify that resolve_btfids emits address_space(1) type tags
for every position without KF_ARENA_ARG flags in the BTF ID sets.

Represent expected arena arguments as a per-parameter bitmap so the
test covers suffixes beyond the two positions expressible by flags.

Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260812193842.2879226-3-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
2026-08-12 18:28:49 -07:00
Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi
5cb481e139 selftests/bpf: Test subprogram instruction statistics
Add small verifier programs with deterministic instruction streams to
exercise per-subprogram self and inclusive instruction accounting. Use
assembly for normal call chains and straight-line callback bodies containing
only moves, calls, and returns or exits, so control-flow pruning does not make
the expected counts unstable. Pass callback arguments as explicit assembly
operands so the compiler keeps their registers live across the asm block.

Cover asynchronous callback attribution separately: main verification-root
totals include all callback exploration, while static and callback totals
remain local to their synchronous paths.

Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260812221925.3358041-7-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
2026-08-12 17:45:07 -07:00
Daniel Borkmann
611a9f0d3d selftests/bpf: Add arena fault tests for atomics with fetch
Add stream_arena_xchg_fault and stream_arena_cmpxchg_fault next to the
existing read, write and load-acquire fault tests, covering the two
places a read-modify-write can deposit the old value: src_reg for a
BPF_XCHG and r0 for a BPF_CMPXCHG. Both cover both halves of the JIT
bug that left the fetch destination alone when a RMW on an arena pointer
faulted:

  - the fault has to be reported as a WRITE, and at the address held by
    the destination register, which __stderr() and test_address() check
  - the register receiving the fetched value has to be cleared by the
    fault handler, which the programs check by poisoning it before the
    atomic and returning it, so __retval(0) fails if it is left untouched

The __stderr() annotation can only wildcard the faulting address since
the arena base is not known until runtime, hence the two test_address()
subtests on top, which pin it to the address held by dst_reg rather than
src_reg.

Note, the atomics are open coded since linux/filter.h cannot be included
alongside vmlinux.h.

  # LDLIBS=-static PKG_CONFIG='pkg-config --static' ./vmtest.sh -- ./test_progs -t stream
  [...]
  #464/1   stream_arena_fault_address/read_fault:OK
  #464/2   stream_arena_fault_address/write_fault:OK
  #464/3   stream_arena_fault_address/load_acquire_fault:OK
  #464/4   stream_arena_fault_address/xchg_fault:OK
  #464/5   stream_arena_fault_address/cmpxchg_fault:OK
  #464     stream_arena_fault_address:OK
  [...]
  #466/5   stream_success/stream_arena_write_fault:OK
  #466/6   stream_success/stream_arena_read_fault:OK
  #466/7   stream_success/stream_arena_load_acquire_fault:OK
  #466/8   stream_success/stream_arena_xchg_fault:OK
  #466/9   stream_success/stream_arena_cmpxchg_fault:OK
  [...]
  Summary: 4/22 PASSED, 0 SKIPPED, 0 FAILED

Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Puranjay Mohan <puranjay@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260811131600.506721-6-daniel@iogearbox.net
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
2026-08-12 10:33:53 -07:00
Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi
4976cce08b selftests/bpf: Test attach rejection for struct_ops arena programs
Exercise fentry, fexit, and freplace programs that target a struct_ops
callback with an arena context argument. Verify each load is rejected with
-EOPNOTSUPP and the arena-specific verifier diagnostic.

Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260808003938.3486067-15-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
2026-08-08 03:03:26 -07:00
Tejun Heo
ba04841971 selftests/bpf: Add struct_ops __arena and __arena__nullable argument tests
Add test_arena and test_arena_nullable members to bpf_testmod_ops3 with
arena-tagged stub arguments and kfuncs that forward a caller-provided
pointer to them. The kfuncs take arena-tagged arguments, so each round
trip exercises both conversion directions end to end: the kfunc receives
a kernel arena address and the trampoline converts it back to an arena
pointer for the callback.

The non-nullable callback dereferences its argument with no NULL branch
and captures the raw ctx value, which the trigger program compares
against the arena offset of the passed object, pinning the exact
(u32)(kaddr - kern_vm_start) conversion. The nullable callback verifies
that only a true kernel NULL arrives as NULL. Failure coverage: a
program with no arena is rejected when it loads. The tests run on x86-64
and skip elsewhere, as the programs fail verification where the JIT
lacks arena argument support.

Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260808003938.3486067-11-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
2026-08-08 03:03:26 -07:00