Commit Graph

165 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Oliver Upton
c75d616c08 Merge branch 'kvm-arm64/vncr-fixes' into next
* kvm-arm64/vncr-fixes:
  : Fixes for handling L1 VNCR mappings, courtesy of Marc Zyngier
  :
  :  - Recompute the VNCR software TLB when the MMU is toggled at stage-1
  :
  :  - Improve TLB invalidation intersection to handle TLBIs affecting the
  :    end of the VA space
  :
  :  - Fix race to invalidate the VNCR fixmap between TLBI emulation and
  :    vcpu_put()
  :
  :  - Add missing sign extension for computing TLBI ranges
  :
  :  - Make VNCR invalidation participate in the MMU notifier seqcount,
  :    preventing a concurrent VNCR TLB fill from consuming a stale
  :    translation
  KVM: arm64: Correctly cap TLBI Range to the architural limit
  KVM: arm64: Add VNCR TLB tracking again
  KVM: arm64: Make VNCR invalidation participate in MMU invalidation retry
  KVM: arm64: Sign-extend VA for range-based TLBI invalidation
  KVM: arm64: Handle VNCR TLB invalidation race with vcpu_put() VNCR unmapping
  KVM: arm64: Correctly handle end of VA space TLBI invalidation
  KVM: arm64: Consider SCTLR_EL2.M when mapping the L1 VNCR page
  KVM: arm64: Handle negative S1 walk levels in VNCR TLB size evaluation
  KVM: arm64: Remove VM-wide VNCR mapping counter

Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oupton@kernel.org>
2026-08-19 12:28:16 -07:00
Marc Zyngier
62e3bb894a KVM: arm64: Add VNCR TLB tracking again
Having established that our VNCR TLB tracking was flawed and having
dropped it from KVM, it is time to replace it with something that
actually works in order to get some performance back, as the TLBI
overhead is otherwise pretty high.

The goal of such tracking is to hit the TLBI slow path if there are
any VNCR TLBs in the guest, irrespective of their mapping state.

For this purpose, we introduce an VM wide counter (vncr_tlb_count)
that tracks how many valid VNCR TLB are present. This means that
creating such TLB must increment the counter, and invalidation
decrement it, and both these operations must be done with the MMU lock
held for write.

On TLBI handling affecting EL2 S1, a non-zero counter forces the
handling to take the slow path to consider the VNCR TLBs. Note that
the bumping up is done "speculatively" in order to make sure that a
concurrent invalidation will be taken on the slow path.

Not exactly rocket science. Hopefully I got it right this time.

Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260806091026.620700-9-maz@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oupton@kernel.org>
2026-08-08 11:10:57 -07:00
Marc Zyngier
c55bc773b6 KVM: arm64: Remove VM-wide VNCR mapping counter
The global VNCR mapping counter is used to decide whether an L1
provided VNCR page is mapped in L0 on any CPU at the point of
dealing with a TLB invalidation. It is incremented when a mapping
is made in the fixmap, and decremented when unmapped.

As it turns out, this tracking has several flaws:

- we are trying to invalidate TLBs, and the mapping is only an
  opportunistic consequence of the TLB. Checking this counter to
  decide whether a TLB needs to be invalidated may result in missed
  invalidations.

- an L1 vcpu invalidating its own TLB (a very likely case) will not
  succeed in invalidating the VNCR pseudo TLB because that page is
  not mapped in L0 at this stage.

Given that this tracking fails at delivering the minimum guarantees
that are required and is only a performance optimisation, remove it
completely.

Fixes: 4ffa72ad8f ("KVM: arm64: nv: Add S1 TLB invalidation primitive for VNCR_EL2")
Reviewed-by: Yuan Yao <yaoyuan@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Acked-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM) <ljs@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260806091026.620700-2-maz@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oupton@kernel.org>
2026-08-08 11:10:56 -07:00
Marc Zyngier
c962853bf5 KVM: arm64: Engage NV3 ERET trap elision
When running on NV3 HW, always engage ERET trap elision when running
the L1 context, as there is no benefit in not doing so.

An L1 can itself engage trap elision by setting its own view of
HCRX_EL2.NVTGE==1, which will subsequently be honored.

Reviewed-by: Joey Gouly <joey.gouly@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260730071022.296811-25-maz@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oupton@kernel.org>
2026-07-31 00:17:04 -07:00
Marc Zyngier
62ed180231 KVM: arm64: Add NVHCR_EL2 context switching
Since NVHCR_EL2 represents the HCR_EL2 state of the EL1 guest, it
must be dealt with in some particular way:

- for a guest in hyp context (an L1 by definition), NVHCR_EL2 directly
  reflects HCR_EL2 as read and written by the guest itself. It must
  therefore be eagerly synced back with the emulation code which only
  knows about HCR_EL2. This is unconditional if NV3 is available on
  the host.

- For an L2 guest, NVHCR_EL2 is controlled by the L1 guest, and we
  just context switch it like any other EL1 register. Yes, EL1, as
  that's where this thing runs from the PoV of L1. This is conditioned
  on the guest using NV3.

Reviewed-by: Joey Gouly <joey.gouly@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Yuan Yao <yaoyuan@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260730071022.296811-24-maz@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oupton@kernel.org>
2026-07-31 00:17:04 -07:00
Marc Zyngier
3fc7867a95 KVM: arm64: Make HCR_EL2 a non-VNCR register
FEAT_NV3 makes a fundamental change to the architecture, by moving
guest-initiated HCR_EL2 accesses to the NVHCR_EL2 register. As the
names suggests, this is HCR_EL2 for a NV guest.

But where do NVHCR_EL2 accesses from a guest go? The are redirected
to the VNCR page, right where HCR_EL2 is stored in the NV2 case.
Does it hurt? Good. There's more coming.

The challenge here is to make KVM work seamlessly, without rewriting
everything. Which implies that things such as __vcpu_sys_reg(HCR_EL2)
must work, no matter the underlying NV implementation.

A simple way to deal with it is to move HCR_EL2's canonical storage
outside of VNCR for the vast majority of the KVM code, and only have
a copy at entry/exit times. Given that we don't really support NV3
yet, this is pretty simple.

In the process, advertise NVHCR_EL2 as the register that now holds
offset 0x78 in the VNCR page.

Reviewed-by: Joey Gouly <joey.gouly@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Yuan Yao <yaoyuan@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260730071022.296811-20-maz@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oupton@kernel.org>
2026-07-31 00:17:04 -07:00
Marc Zyngier
dbb45adfcd KVM: arm64: Split NV-specific exit fixups from the non-NV handling
In order to facilitate further changes, move the NV handling of
early fixups in its own helper. This also makes the code slightly
simpler to parse.

Reviewed-by: Yuan Yao <yaoyuan@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260730071022.296811-17-maz@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oupton@kernel.org>
2026-07-31 00:17:03 -07:00
Marc Zyngier
7c614e1698 KVM: arm64: Relax CNTHCTL_EL2 handling when FEAT_NV2p1 is present
With NV2p1, it is no longer necessary to use the split approach
where bits of CNTHCTL_EL2 cannot be accessed via CNTKCTL_EL1,
and we can treat the CNTKCTL_EL1 accessor as if it was "normal".

Key the special casing on FEAT_NV2P1 not being implemented.

Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260730071022.296811-11-maz@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oupton@kernel.org>
2026-07-31 00:17:03 -07:00
Marc Zyngier
649ba04326 KVM: arm64: Relax CPTR_EL2 handling when FEAT_NV2p1 is present
With FEAT_NV2P1, it is no longer necessary to trap CPTR_EL2 accesses
via CPACR_EL1, as CPACR_EL1.TCPAC is guaranteed to be stateful.

Prevent such trapping and context switch CPACTR_EL1 in NV contexts
when NV2P1 is present.

Reviewed-by: Joey Gouly <joey.gouly@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Yuan Yao <yaoyuan@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260730071022.296811-10-maz@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oupton@kernel.org>
2026-07-31 00:17:03 -07:00
Marc Zyngier
c938c826c1 KVM: arm64: Don't evaluate HCR_EL2.NV nor HFGITR_EL2.ERET on ERET fast path
We currently avoid using the ERET fast path if the guest has HCR_EL2.NV
set. This is an odd check, as NV doesn't mean much if HCR_EL2.TGE==1.

Similarly, evaluating HFGITR_EL2.ERET makes little sense, as
this only applies to the nested context, while the ERET fast-path
is purely for the benefit of L1.

Replace these bizarre checks with is_nested_ctxt() which makes a lot
more sense: if we are running an L2, the ERET trap must go to L1.

Fixes: dd0717a998 ("KVM: arm64: nv: Fast-track 'InHost' exception returns")
Reviewed-by: Yuan Yao <yaoyuan@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260730071022.296811-8-maz@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oupton@kernel.org>
2026-07-31 00:17:02 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
c98d767b34 Arm:
"This is a bit of an odd merge window on the KVM/arm64 front. There is
 absolutely no new feature in the pull request. It is purely fixes,
 because it is simply becoming too hard to review new stuff when so
 many AI-fuelled fixes hit the list".
 
 - Significant cleanup of the vgic-v5 PPI support which was merged in
   7.1. This makes the code more maintainable, and squashes a couple
   of bugs in the meantime.
 
 - Set of fixes for the handling of the MMU in an NV context,
   particularly VNCR-triggered faults. S1POE support is fixed
   as well.
 
 - Large set of pKVM fixes, mostly addressing recurring issues
   around hypervisor tracking of donated pages in obscure cases
   where the donation could fail and leave things in a bizarre
   state.
 
 - Fixes for the so-called "lazy vgic init", which resulted in
   sleeping operations in non-preemptible sections. This turned
   out to be far more invasive than initially expected...
 
 - Reduce the overhead of L1/L2 context switch by not touching
   the FP registers.
 
 - Fix the way non-implemented page sizes are dealt with when
   a guest insist on using them for S2 translation.
 
 - The usual set of low-impact fixes and cleanups all over the map.
 
 Loongarch:
 
 - On a request for lazy FPU load, load all FPU state that the VM
   supports instead of enabling only the part (FPU, LSX or LASX)
   that caused the FPU load request.
 
 - Some enhancements about interrupt injection.
 
 - Some bug fixes and other small changes.
 
 RISC-V:
 
 - Batch G-stage TLB flushes for GPA range based page table updates
 
 - Convert HGEI line management to fully per-HART
 
 - Fix missing CSR dirty marking when FWFT state updated via ONE_REG
 
 - Fix stale FWFT feature exposure to Guest/VM
 
 - Speed up dirty logging write faults using MMU rwlock and atomic
   PTE updates using cmpxchg() for permission-only changes
 
 - Use flexible array for APLIC IRQ state
 
 - Use kvm_slot_dirty_track_enabled() for logging enable check on
   a memslot
 
 - Avoid skipping valid pages in kvm_riscv_gstage_wp_range()
 
 - Avoid skipping valid pages in kvm_riscv_gstage_unmap_range()
 
 - Use endian-specific __lelong for NACL shared memory
 
 S390:
 
 - KVM_PRE_FAULT_MEMORY support
 
 - Support for 2G hugepages
 
 - Support for the ASTFLEIE 2 facility
 
 - Support for fast inject using kvm_arch_set_irq_inatomic
 
 - Fix potential leak of uninitialized bytes
 
 - A few more misc gmap fixes.
 
 x86:
 
 - Generic support for the more granular permissions allowed by EPT,
   namely "read" (which was previously usurping the U bit) and
   separate execution bits for kernel and userspace.
 
 - Do not assume that all page tables start with U=1/W=1/NX=0 at the
   root, as AMD GMET needs to have U=0 at the root.
 
 - Introduce common assembly macros for use within Intel and AMD
   vendor-specific vmentry code.  This touches the SPEC_CTRL handling,
   which is now entirely done in assembly for Intel (by reusing the
   AMD code that already existed), and register save/restore which
   uses some macro magic to compute the offsets in the struct.  Both
   of these are preparatory changes for upcoming APX support.
 
 - Clean up KVM's register tracking and storage, primarily to prepare for
   APX support, which expands the maximum number of GPRs from 16 to 32.
 
 - Keep a single copy of the PDPTRs rather than two, since architecturally
   there is just one.
 
 - Handle EXIT_FASTPATH_EXIT_USERSPACE in vendor code to ensure vendor code
   gets a chance to handle things like reaping the PML buffer.
 
 - Update KVM's view of PV async enabling if and only if the MSR write fully
   succeeds.
 
 - Fix a variety of issues where the emulator doesn't honor guest-debug state,
   and clean up related code along the way.
 
 - Synthesize EPT Violation and #NPF "error code" bits when injecting faults
   into L1 that didn't originate in hardware (in which case the VMCS/VMCB
   doesn't hold relevant information).
 
 - Add support for virtualizing (well, emulating) AMD's flavor of CPL>0 CPUID
   faulting.
 
 - Clean up the GPR APIs so that KVM's use of "raw" is consistent, and fix a
   variety of minor bugs along the way.
 
 - Fix an OOB memory access due to not checking the VP ID when handling a
   Hyper-V PV TLB flush for L2.
 
 - Fix a bug in the mediated PMU's handling of fixed counters that allowed the
   guest to bypass the PMU event filter.
 
 - Allow userspace to return EAGAIN when handling SNP and TDX hypercalls, so
   the KVM can forward a "retry" status code to the guest, and reserve all
   unused error codes for future usage.
 
 - Overhaul the TDP MMU => S-EPT code to move as much S-EPT specific logic as
   possible into the TDX code, and to funnel (almost) all S-EPT updates into
   a single chokepoint.  The motivation is largely to prepare for upcoming
   Dynamic PAMT support, but the cleanups are nice to have on their own.
 
 - Plug a hole in shadow page table handling, where KVM fails to recursively
   zap nested EPT/NPT shadow page tables when the nested hypervisor tears
   down its own EPT/NPT page tables from the bottom up
 
 x86 (Intel):
 
 - Support for nested MBEC (Mode-Based Execute Control), see above in the
   generic section; also run with MBEC enabled even for non-nested mode.
 
 - Use the kernel's "enum pg_level" in the TDX APIs instead of the TDX-Module's
   level definitions (which are 0-based).
 
 - Rework the TDX memory APIs to not require/assume that guest memory is
   backed by "struct page" (in prepartion for guest_memfd hugepage support).
 
 - Fix a largely benign bug where KVM TDX would incorrectly state it could
   emulate several x2APIC MSRs.
 
 - Use the "safe" WRMSR API when proxying LBR MSR writes as the to-be-written
   value is guest controlled and completely unvalidated.
 
 x86 (AMD):
 
 - Support for nested GMET (Guest Mode Execution Trap), see above in the
   generic section; also run with GMET enabled even for non-nested mode.
 
 - Fixes and minor cleanups to GHCB handling, on top of the earlier work
   already merged into 7.1-rc.
 
 - Ensure KVM's copy of CR0 and CR3 are up-to-date prior to invoking
   fastpath handlers.
 
 - Add support for virtualizing gPAT (KVM previously just used L1's PAT when
   running L2).
 
 - Fix goofs where KVM mishandles side effects (e.g. single-step and PMC
   updates) when emulating VMRUN.
 
 - Fix a variety of bugs in AVIC's handling of x2APIC MSR interception, most
   notably where KVM didn't disable interception of IRR, ISR, and TMR regs.
 
 - Add support for virtualizing Host-Only/Guest-Only bits in the mediated PMU.
 
 - Don't advertise support for unusable VM types, and account for VM types
   that are disabled by firmware, e.g. to mitigate security vulnerabilities.
 
 - Rewrite the SEV {en,de}crypt debug ioctls as they were riddle with bugs and
   unnecessarily complicated, and add comprehensive tests.
 
 - Clean up and deduplicate the SEV page pinning code.
 
 - Fix minor goofs related to writing back CPUID information after firmware
   rejects a CPUID page for an SNP vCPU.
 
 Generic:
 
 - Rename invalidate_begin() to invalidate_start() throughout KVM to follow
   the kernel's nomenclature, e.g. for mmu_notifiers.
 
 - Use guard() to cleanup up various KVM+VFIO flows.
 
 - Minor cleanups.
 
 guest_memfd:
 
 - Return -EEXIST instead of -EINVAL if userspace attempts to bind a gmem
   range to multiple memslots, and fix the test that was supposed to ensure
   KVM returns -EEXIST.
 
 - Treat memslot binding offsets and sizes as unsigned values to fix a bug
   where KVM interprets a large "offset + size" as a negative value and allows
   a nonsensical offset.
 
 - Use the inode number instead of the page offset for the NUMA interleaving
   index to fix a bug where the effective index would jump by two for
   consecutive pages (the caller also adds in the page offset).
 
 Selftests:
 
 - Randomize the dirty log test's delay when reaping the bitmap on the first
   pass, as always waiting only 1ms hid a KVM RISC-V bug as the test reaped the
   bitmap before KVM could build up enough state to hit the bug.
 
 - A pile of one-off fixes and cleanups.
 -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
 
 iQFIBAABCgAyFiEE8TM4V0tmI4mGbHaCv/vSX3jHroMFAmoypI0UHHBib256aW5p
 QHJlZGhhdC5jb20ACgkQv/vSX3jHroNCSAf8CyuvicojnZGFsNcoY4DZ0whBj5l8
 IwVkHaptuyGLSwPAebC/DwtU2NBY4CQdbtLjGmxenf+fSQOtcz1YWKbdY4Nr0hJG
 euAb/wO47RqKp1C4WPi7lL2P4XHgmUgD5XZ1qDnRV9gnGddZi3QLLmKgAtNq9Z4m
 +pAdGD2/RyZeI0Dx61+5ufE/z8YBlH6GrzgBTxfvvRNKqNDFykBenxYHI7seEfHC
 BPz0LxjHDD8BMDUo86qaylZnaeQSmFTGO/eTgvCvabxG6WbM1s0w3K1owmUmP7o3
 p9o8274Xh53iK2JYD/qGOtAJXejIwbYKT5bnvUQX0O1EH2+ouvSFapLQ9Q==
 =sSqM
 -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

Merge tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm

Pull kvm updates from Paolo Bonzini:
 "arm64:

     This is a bit of an odd merge window on the KVM/arm64 front. There
     is absolutely no new feature in the pull request. It is purely
     fixes, because it is simply becoming too hard to review new stuff
     when so many AI-fuelled fixes hit the list.

   - Significant cleanup of the vgic-v5 PPI support which was merged in
     7.1. This makes the code more maintainable, and squashes a couple
     of bugs in the meantime

   - Set of fixes for the handling of the MMU in an NV context,
     particularly VNCR-triggered faults. S1POE support is fixed as well

   - Large set of pKVM fixes, mostly addressing recurring issues around
     hypervisor tracking of donated pages in obscure cases where the
     donation could fail and leave things in a bizarre state

   - Fixes for the so-called "lazy vgic init", which resulted in
     sleeping operations in non-preemptible sections. This turned out to
     be far more invasive than initially expected..

   - Reduce the overhead of L1/L2 context switch by not touching the FP
     registers

   - Fix the way non-implemented page sizes are dealt with when a guest
     insist on using them for S2 translation

   - The usual set of low-impact fixes and cleanups all over the map

  Loongarch:

   - On a request for lazy FPU load, load all FPU state that the VM
     supports instead of enabling only the part (FPU, LSX or LASX) that
     caused the FPU load request

   - Some enhancements about interrupt injection

   - Some bug fixes and other small changes

  RISC-V:

   - Batch G-stage TLB flushes for GPA range based page table updates

   - Convert HGEI line management to fully per-HART

   - Fix missing CSR dirty marking when FWFT state updated via ONE_REG

   - Fix stale FWFT feature exposure to Guest/VM

   - Speed up dirty logging write faults using MMU rwlock and atomic PTE
     updates using cmpxchg() for permission-only changes

   - Use flexible array for APLIC IRQ state

   - Use kvm_slot_dirty_track_enabled() for logging enable check on a
     memslot

   - Avoid skipping valid pages in kvm_riscv_gstage_wp_range()

   - Avoid skipping valid pages in kvm_riscv_gstage_unmap_range()

   - Use endian-specific __lelong for NACL shared memory

  S390:

   - KVM_PRE_FAULT_MEMORY support

   - Support for 2G hugepages

   - Support for the ASTFLEIE 2 facility

   - Support for fast inject using kvm_arch_set_irq_inatomic

   - Fix potential leak of uninitialized bytes

   - A few more misc gmap fixes

  x86:

   - Generic support for the more granular permissions allowed by EPT,
     namely "read" (which was previously usurping the U bit) and
     separate execution bits for kernel and userspace

   - Do not assume that all page tables start with U=1/W=1/NX=0 at the
     root, as AMD GMET needs to have U=0 at the root

   - Introduce common assembly macros for use within Intel and AMD
     vendor-specific vmentry code. This touches the SPEC_CTRL handling,
     which is now entirely done in assembly for Intel (by reusing the
     AMD code that already existed), and register save/restore which
     uses some macro magic to compute the offsets in the struct. Both of
     these are preparatory changes for upcoming APX support

   - Clean up KVM's register tracking and storage, primarily to prepare
     for APX support, which expands the maximum number of GPRs from 16
     to 32

   - Keep a single copy of the PDPTRs rather than two, since
     architecturally there is just one

   - Handle EXIT_FASTPATH_EXIT_USERSPACE in vendor code to ensure vendor
     code gets a chance to handle things like reaping the PML buffer

   - Update KVM's view of PV async enabling if and only if the MSR write
     fully succeeds

   - Fix a variety of issues where the emulator doesn't honor
     guest-debug state, and clean up related code along the way

   - Synthesize EPT Violation and #NPF "error code" bits when injecting
     faults into L1 that didn't originate in hardware (in which case the
     VMCS/VMCB doesn't hold relevant information)

   - Add support for virtualizing (well, emulating) AMD's flavor of
     CPL>0 CPUID faulting

   - Clean up the GPR APIs so that KVM's use of "raw" is consistent, and
     fix a variety of minor bugs along the way

   - Fix an OOB memory access due to not checking the VP ID when
     handling a Hyper-V PV TLB flush for L2

   - Fix a bug in the mediated PMU's handling of fixed counters that
     allowed the guest to bypass the PMU event filter

   - Allow userspace to return EAGAIN when handling SNP and TDX
     hypercalls, so the KVM can forward a "retry" status code to the
     guest, and reserve all unused error codes for future usage

   - Overhaul the TDP MMU => S-EPT code to move as much S-EPT specific
     logic as possible into the TDX code, and to funnel (almost) all
     S-EPT updates into a single chokepoint. The motivation is largely
     to prepare for upcoming Dynamic PAMT support, but the cleanups are
     nice to have on their own

   - Plug a hole in shadow page table handling, where KVM fails to
     recursively zap nested EPT/NPT shadow page tables when the nested
     hypervisor tears down its own EPT/NPT page tables from the bottom
     up

  x86 (Intel):

   - Support for nested MBEC (Mode-Based Execute Control), see above in
     the generic section; also run with MBEC enabled even for non-nested
     mode

   - Use the kernel's "enum pg_level" in the TDX APIs instead of the
     TDX-Module's level definitions (which are 0-based)

   - Rework the TDX memory APIs to not require/assume that guest memory
     is backed by "struct page" (in prepartion for guest_memfd hugepage
     support)

   - Fix a largely benign bug where KVM TDX would incorrectly state it
     could emulate several x2APIC MSRs

   - Use the "safe" WRMSR API when proxying LBR MSR writes as the
     to-be-written value is guest controlled and completely unvalidated

  x86 (AMD):

   - Support for nested GMET (Guest Mode Execution Trap), see above in
     the generic section; also run with GMET enabled even for non-nested
     mode

   - Fixes and minor cleanups to GHCB handling, on top of the earlier
     work already merged into 7.1-rc

   - Ensure KVM's copy of CR0 and CR3 are up-to-date prior to invoking
     fastpath handlers

   - Add support for virtualizing gPAT (KVM previously just used L1's
     PAT when running L2)

   - Fix goofs where KVM mishandles side effects (e.g. single-step and
     PMC updates) when emulating VMRUN

   - Fix a variety of bugs in AVIC's handling of x2APIC MSR
     interception, most notably where KVM didn't disable interception of
     IRR, ISR, and TMR regs

   - Add support for virtualizing Host-Only/Guest-Only bits in the
     mediated PMU

   - Don't advertise support for unusable VM types, and account for VM
     types that are disabled by firmware, e.g. to mitigate security
     vulnerabilities

   - Rewrite the SEV {en,de}crypt debug ioctls as they were riddle with
     bugs and unnecessarily complicated, and add comprehensive tests

   - Clean up and deduplicate the SEV page pinning code

   - Fix minor goofs related to writing back CPUID information after
     firmware rejects a CPUID page for an SNP vCPU

  Generic:

   - Rename invalidate_begin() to invalidate_start() throughout KVM to
     follow the kernel's nomenclature, e.g. for mmu_notifiers

   - Use guard() to cleanup up various KVM+VFIO flows

   - Minor cleanups

  guest_memfd:

   - Return -EEXIST instead of -EINVAL if userspace attempts to bind a
     gmem range to multiple memslots, and fix the test that was supposed
     to ensure KVM returns -EEXIST

   - Treat memslot binding offsets and sizes as unsigned values to fix a
     bug where KVM interprets a large "offset + size" as a negative
     value and allows a nonsensical offset

   - Use the inode number instead of the page offset for the NUMA
     interleaving index to fix a bug where the effective index would
     jump by two for consecutive pages (the caller also adds in the page
     offset)

  Selftests:

   - Randomize the dirty log test's delay when reaping the bitmap on the
     first pass, as always waiting only 1ms hid a KVM RISC-V bug as the
     test reaped the bitmap before KVM could build up enough state to
     hit the bug

   - A pile of one-off fixes and cleanups"

* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: (326 commits)
  KVM: x86/mmu: Ensure hugepage is in by slot before checking max mapping level
  KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected role
  KVM: s390: Introducing kvm_arch_set_irq_inatomic fast inject
  KVM: s390: Enable adapter_indicators_set to use mapped pages
  KVM: s390: Add map/unmap ioctl and clean mappings post-guest
  riscv: kvm: Use endian-specific __lelong for NACL shared memory
  KVM: selftests: access_tracking_perf_test: bump number of NUMA nodes to 32
  KVM: s390: vsie: Implement ASTFLEIE facility 2
  KVM: s390: vsie: Refactor handle_stfle
  s390/sclp: Detect ASTFLEIE 2 facility
  KVM: s390: Minor refactor of base/ext facility lists
  KVM: x86/mmu: move pdptrs out of the MMU
  KVM: x86: check that kvm_handle_invpcid is only invoked with shadow paging
  KVM: nSVM: invalidate cached PDPTRs across nested NPT transitions
  KVM: nVMX: remove unnecessary code in prepare_vmcs02_rare
  KVM: x86: remove nested_mmu from mmu_is_nested()
  KVM: arm64: vgic-its: Make ABI commit helpers return void
  KVM: s390: Initialize KVM_S390_GET_CMMA_BITS memory
  LoongArch: KVM: Add missing slots_lock for device register/unregister
  LoongArch: KVM: Validate irqchip index in irqfd routing
  ...
2026-06-19 08:56:49 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
80476f22b8 arm64 updates for 7.2
CPU errata handling:
 - Extend CnP disabling workaround to HiSilicon HIP09 hardware.
 - Work around eternally broken broadcast TLB invalidation on more CPUs.
 - Documentation and code cleanups.
 
 CPU features:
 - Add new hwcaps for the 2025 dpISA extensions.
 
 Floating point / SVE / SME:
 - Significant cleanup to the low-level state management code in the core
   architecture code and KVM.
 - Use correct register widths during SVE/SME save/restore assembly.
 - Expose SVE/SME save/restore memory accesses to sanitisers.
 
 Memory management:
 - Preparatory work for unmapping the kernel data and bss sections from
   the linear map.
 
 Miscellaneous:
 - Inline DAIF manipulation helpers so they can be used safely from
   non-instrumentable code.
 - Fix handling of the 'nosmp' cmdline option to avoid marking secondary
   cores as "possible".
 
 MPAM:
 - Add support for v0.1 of the MPAM architecture.
 
 Perf:
 - Update HiSilicon PMU MAINTAINERS entry.
 - Fix event encodings for the DVM node in the CMN driver.
 
 Selftests:
 - Extend sigframe tests to cover POE context.
 - Add coverage for the newly added 2025 dpISA hwcaps.
 
 System registers:
 - Add new registers and ESR encodings for the HDBSS feature.
 
 Plus minor fixes and cleanups across the board.
 -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
 
 iQFEBAABCgAuFiEEPxTL6PPUbjXGY88ct6xw3ITBYzQFAmoun+0QHHdpbGxAa2Vy
 bmVsLm9yZwAKCRC3rHDchMFjNFEvB/9scDYXHUCxQOqoRB5TPUi63pgl5vl83IfI
 TWE2r2wNsrjqXlAV2FDbzuTWxLpACS+vpk5ltsb57aUfENQ5wZEFCDvJlbpNZuHS
 5/zAQmCajPpgC5TFDo7rbgSv2BSR4TXuFfvGS349+a82c9C12EUulBFvR1DDVElh
 FCYT5PfHNu1Khas4YiUln+9WSqS8qSHfYsz4Qb/lDaZcAmh22jQBPZQFU7fMlZST
 Fr/nzSy6cxkARotqU7RlRQLgtDHBEqTYrNHCP0WSQ2aPJN8SeFUyjEcQas/Zak+S
 Bme8OHcqn4pZPll5TfHUTaJp91oIJAA9uX5RSwE+G3NvAGNbptuw
 =LXuh
 -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

Merge tag 'arm64-upstream' of gitolite.kernel.org:pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux

Pull arm64 updates from Will Deacon:
 "It feels like the new world of AI tooling has slowed us down a little
  on the feature side when compared to the fixes side. The extra rounds
  of Sashiko review have also pushed a few things out until next time.

  Still, there's some good foundational stuff here for the fpsimd code
  and hardening work towards removing the predictable linear alias of
  the kernel image.

  CPU errata handling:
   - Extend CnP disabling workaround to HiSilicon HIP09 hardware.
   - Work around eternally broken broadcast TLB invalidation on more
     CPUs.
   - Documentation and code cleanups.

  CPU features:
   - Add new hwcaps for the 2025 dpISA extensions.

  Floating point / SVE / SME:
   - Significant cleanup to the low-level state management code in the
     core architecture code and KVM.
   - Use correct register widths during SVE/SME save/restore assembly.
   - Expose SVE/SME save/restore memory accesses to sanitisers.

  Memory management:
   - Preparatory work for unmapping the kernel data and bss sections
     from the linear map.

  Miscellaneous:
   - Inline DAIF manipulation helpers so they can be used safely from
     non-instrumentable code.
   - Fix handling of the 'nosmp' cmdline option to avoid marking
     secondary cores as "possible".

  MPAM:
   - Add support for v0.1 of the MPAM architecture.

  Perf:
   - Update HiSilicon PMU MAINTAINERS entry.
   - Fix event encodings for the DVM node in the CMN driver.

  Selftests:
   - Extend sigframe tests to cover POE context.
   - Add coverage for the newly added 2025 dpISA hwcaps.

  System registers:
   - Add new registers and ESR encodings for the HDBSS feature.

  Plus minor fixes and cleanups across the board"

* tag 'arm64-upstream' of gitolite.kernel.org:pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux: (73 commits)
  arm64: errata: Mitigate TLBI errata on Microsoft Azure Cobalt 100 CPU
  arm64: errata: Mitigate TLBI errata on NVIDIA Olympus CPU
  arm64: errata: Mitigate TLBI errata on various Arm CPUs
  arm64: cputype: Add C1-Premium definitions
  arm64: cputype: Add C1-Ultra definitions
  Revert "arm64: mm: Unmap kernel data/bss entirely from the linear map"
  Revert "arm64: mm: Defer remap of linear alias of data/bss"
  arm64: arch_timer: reuse arch_timer_read_cnt{p,v}ct_el0() helpers
  arm64/mm: Rename ptdesc_t
  arm64: mm: Defer remap of linear alias of data/bss
  KVM: arm64: Omit tag sync on stage-2 mappings of the zero page
  arm64: Avoid double evaluation of __ptep_get()
  kasan: Move generic KASAN page tables out of BSS too
  arm64: Rename page table BSS section to .bss..pgtbl
  arm64: patching: replace min_t with min in __text_poke
  perf/arm-cmn: Fix DVM node events
  arm64: fpsimd: Remove <asm/fpsimdmacros.h>
  arm64: fpsimd: Move SME save/restore inline
  arm64: fpsimd: Move sve_flush_live() inline
  arm64: fpsimd: Move SVE save/restore inline
  ...
2026-06-16 05:18:04 +05:30
Mark Rutland
2768101b39 arm64: fpsimd: Move SVE save/restore inline
Currently the SVE register save/restore sequences are written in
out-of-line assembly routines. While this works, it's somewhat painful:

* As KVM needs to be able to use the sequences in hyp code, separate
  assembly files are used for the regular kernel and KVM code. While the
  common logic is shared in assembly macros, this still requires some
  duplication, and has lead to some trivial divergence.

* As the SVE LDR/STR instrucitons have limited addressing modes, the
  assembly macros use an awkward pattern requiring negative offsets.
  This could be written more clearly with addresses being generated in C
  code.

* As the FFR does not always exist in streaming mode, some awkward
  conditional branching has been written in assembly which could be
  clearer in C (and would permit the compiler to optimize out
  unnecessary branches in some cases).

* For historical reasons, the assembly macros take some register
  arguments as numerical indices (e.g. "sve_save 0, x1" uses x0 and x1),
  which is simply confusing.

* For historical reasons, the SVE save/restore code and FPSIMD
  save/restore code have a distinct sequences for FPSR and FPCR. Ideally
  this logic would be shared.

* The assembly sequences can't be instrumented, and so it's harder than
  necessary to catch memory safety issues.

To handle the above, move the SVE register save/restore sequences
to inline assembly.

Neither GCC nor LLVM instrument memory arguments to inline assembly, so
explicit instrumentation is added in the same manner as other assembly
routines. This instrumentation is implicitly disabled by Kbuild for nVHE
hyp code.

Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Vladimir Murzin <vladimir.murzin@arm.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Cc: Oliver Upton <oupton@kernel.org>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2026-06-03 16:50:49 +01:00
Zenghui Yu (Huawei)
e72b425f61 KVM: arm64: Remove @arch from __load_stage2()
Since commit fe49fd940e ("KVM: arm64: Move VTCR_EL2 into struct s2_mmu"),
@arch is no longer required to obtain the per-kvm_s2_mmu vtcr and can be
removed from __load_stage2().

Signed-off-by: Zenghui Yu (Huawei) <zenghui.yu@linux.dev>
Reviewed-by: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260318144305.56831-1-zenghui.yu@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
2026-05-28 18:52:55 +01:00
Fuad Tabba
214a821c14 KVM: arm64: Guard against NULL vcpu on VHE hyp panic path
On VHE, __hyp_call_panic() unconditionally calls __deactivate_traps(vcpu)
on the vcpu pointer read from host_ctxt->__hyp_running_vcpu. That pointer
is cleared after every guest exit (and is never set when no guest is
running), so an unexpected EL2 exception landing in _guest_exit_panic,
e.g. via the el2t*_invalid / el2h_irq_invalid vectors - reaches this
function with vcpu == NULL. __deactivate_traps() then dereferences vcpu
via ___deactivate_traps() -> vserror_state_is_nested() -> vcpu_has_nv()
-> vcpu->arch.features, faulting inside the panic handler and obscuring
the original failure.

The nVHE counterpart (hyp_panic() in arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/switch.c)
already guards its vcpu-using cleanup with "if (vcpu)"; mirror that
here. sysreg_restore_host_state_vhe() does not depend on vcpu and
continues to run unconditionally, preserving panic forensics. The
trailing panic("...VCPU:%p", vcpu) prints "(null)" safely via printk's
%p handling.

Fixes: 6a0259ed29 ("KVM: arm64: Remove hyp_panic arguments")
Assisted-by: Gemini:gemini-3.1-pro review-prompts
Signed-off-by: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260501112149.2824881-3-tabba@google.com
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
2026-05-27 14:20:56 +01:00
Fuad Tabba
300fac4cc2 KVM: arm64: Guard against NULL vcpu on VHE hyp panic path
On VHE, __hyp_call_panic() unconditionally calls __deactivate_traps(vcpu)
on the vcpu pointer read from host_ctxt->__hyp_running_vcpu. That pointer
is cleared after every guest exit (and is never set when no guest is
running), so an unexpected EL2 exception landing in _guest_exit_panic,
e.g. via the el2t*_invalid / el2h_irq_invalid vectors - reaches this
function with vcpu == NULL. __deactivate_traps() then dereferences vcpu
via ___deactivate_traps() -> vserror_state_is_nested() -> vcpu_has_nv()
-> vcpu->arch.features, faulting inside the panic handler and obscuring
the original failure.

The nVHE counterpart (hyp_panic() in arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/switch.c)
already guards its vcpu-using cleanup with "if (vcpu)"; mirror that
here. sysreg_restore_host_state_vhe() does not depend on vcpu and
continues to run unconditionally, preserving panic forensics. The
trailing panic("...VCPU:%p", vcpu) prints "(null)" safely via printk's
%p handling.

Fixes: 6a0259ed29 ("KVM: arm64: Remove hyp_panic arguments")
Assisted-by: Gemini:gemini-3.1-pro review-prompts
Signed-off-by: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260501112149.2824881-3-tabba@google.com
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
2026-05-07 14:12:41 +01:00
Linus Torvalds
01f492e181 Arm:
- Add support for tracing in the standalone EL2 hypervisor code, which
   should help both debugging and performance analysis.  This uses the
   new infrastructure for 'remote' trace buffers that can be exposed
   by non-kernel entities such as firmware, and which came through the
   tracing tree.
 
 - Add support for GICv5 Per Processor Interrupts (PPIs), as the starting
   point for supporting the new GIC architecture in KVM.
 
 - Finally add support for pKVM protected guests, where pages are unmapped
   from the host as they are faulted into the guest and can be shared back
   from the guest using pKVM hypercalls.  Protected guests are created
   using a new machine type identifier.  As the elusive guestmem has not
   yet delivered on its promises, anonymous memory is also supported.
 
   This is only a first step towards full isolation from the host; for
   example, the CPU register state and DMA accesses are not yet isolated.
   Because this does not really yet bring fully what it promises, it is
   hidden behind CONFIG_ARM_PKVM_GUEST + 'kvm-arm.mode=protected', and
   also triggers TAINT_USER when a VM is created.  Caveat emptor.
 
 - Rework the dreaded user_mem_abort() function to make it more
   maintainable, reducing the amount of state being exposed to the
   various helpers and rendering a substantial amount of state immutable.
 
 - Expand the Stage-2 page table dumper to support NV shadow page tables
   on a per-VM basis.
 
 - Tidy up the pKVM PSCI proxy code to be slightly less hard to follow.
 
 - Fix both SPE and TRBE in non-VHE configurations so that they do not
   generate spurious, out of context table walks that ultimately lead
   to very bad HW lockups.
 
 - A small set of patches fixing the Stage-2 MMU freeing in error cases.
 
 - Tighten-up accepted SMC immediate value to be only #0 for host
   SMCCC calls.
 
 - The usual cleanups and other selftest churn.
 
 LoongArch:
 
 - Use CSR_CRMD_PLV for kvm_arch_vcpu_in_kernel().
 
 - Add DMSINTC irqchip in kernel support.
 
 RISC-V:
 
 - Fix steal time shared memory alignment checks
 
 - Fix vector context allocation leak
 
 - Fix array out-of-bounds in pmu_ctr_read() and pmu_fw_ctr_read_hi()
 
 - Fix double-free of sdata in kvm_pmu_clear_snapshot_area()
 
 - Fix integer overflow in kvm_pmu_validate_counter_mask()
 
 - Fix shift-out-of-bounds in make_xfence_request()
 
 - Fix lost write protection on huge pages during dirty logging
 
 - Split huge pages during fault handling for dirty logging
 
 - Skip CSR restore if VCPU is reloaded on the same core
 
 - Implement kvm_arch_has_default_irqchip() for KVM selftests
 
 - Factored-out ISA checks into separate sources
 
 - Added hideleg to struct kvm_vcpu_config
 
 - Factored-out VCPU config into separate sources
 
 - Support configuration of per-VM HGATP mode from KVM user space
 
 s390:
 
 - Support for ESA (31-bit) guests inside nested hypervisors.
 
 - Remove restriction on memslot alignment, which is not needed anymore with
   the new gmap code.
 
 - Fix LPSW/E to update the bear (which of course is the breaking event
   address register).
 
 x86:
 
 - Shut up various UBSAN warnings on reading module parameter before they
   were initialized.
 
 - Don't zero-allocate page tables that are used for splitting hugepages in
   the TDP MMU, as KVM is guaranteed to set all SPTEs in the page table and
   thus write all bytes.
 
 - As an optimization, bail early when trying to unsync 4KiB mappings if the
   target gfn can just be mapped with a 2MiB hugepage.
 
 x86 generic:
 
 - Copy single-chunk MMIO write values into struct kvm_vcpu (more precisely
   struct kvm_mmio_fragment) to fix use-after-free stack bugs where KVM
   would dereference stack pointer after an exit to userspace.
 
 - Clean up and comment the emulated MMIO code to try to make it easier to
   maintain (not necessarily "easy", but "easier").
 
 - Move VMXON+VMXOFF and EFER.SVME toggling out of KVM (not *all* of VMX
   and SVM enabling) as it is needed for trusted I/O.
 
 - Advertise support for AVX512 Bit Matrix Multiply (BMM) instructions
 
 - Immediately fail the build if a required #define is missing in one of
   KVM's headers that is included multiple times.
 
 - Reject SET_GUEST_DEBUG with -EBUSY if there's an already injected
   exception, mostly to prevent syzkaller from abusing the uAPI to
   trigger WARNs, but also because it can help prevent userspace from
   unintentionally crashing the VM.
 
 - Exempt SMM from CPUID faulting on Intel, as per the spec.
 
 - Misc hardening and cleanup changes.
 
 x86 (AMD):
 
 - Fix and optimize IRQ window inhibit handling for AVIC; make it per-vCPU
   so that KVM doesn't prematurely re-enable AVIC if multiple
   vCPUs have to-be-injected IRQs.
 
 - Clean up and optimize the OSVW handling, avoiding a bug in which KVM would
   overwrite state when enabling virtualization on multiple CPUs in parallel.
   This should not be a problem because OSVW should usually be the same for
   all CPUs.
 
 - Drop a WARN in KVM_MEMORY_ENCRYPT_REG_REGION where KVM complains about a
   "too large" size based purely on user input.
 
 - Clean up and harden the pinning code for KVM_MEMORY_ENCRYPT_REG_REGION.
 
 - Disallow synchronizing a VMSA of an already-launched/encrypted vCPU, as
   doing so for an SNP guest will crash the host due to an RMP violation
   page fault.
 
 - Overhaul KVM's APIs for detecting SEV+ guests so that VM-scoped queries
   are required to hold kvm->lock, and enforce it by lockdep.  Fix various
   bugs where sev_guest() was not ensured to be stable for the whole
   duration of a function or ioctl.
 
 - Convert a pile of kvm->lock SEV code to guard().
 
 - Play nicer with userspace that does not enable KVM_CAP_EXCEPTION_PAYLOAD,
   for which KVM needs to set CR2 and DR6 as a response to ioctls such as
   KVM_GET_VCPU_EVENTS (even if the payload would end up in EXITINFO2
   rather than CR2, for example).  Only set CR2 and DR6 when consumption of
   the payload is imminent, but on the other hand force delivery of the
   payload in all paths where userspace retrieves CR2 or DR6.
 
 - Use vcpu->arch.cr2 when updating vmcb12's CR2 on nested #VMEXIT instead
   of vmcb02->save.cr2.  The value is out of sync after a save/restore
   or after a #PF is injected into L2.
 
 - Fix a class of nSVM bugs where some fields written by the CPU are not
   synchronized from vmcb02 to cached vmcb12 after VMRUN, and so are not
   up-to-date when saved by KVM_GET_NESTED_STATE.
 
 - Fix a class of bugs where the ordering between KVM_SET_NESTED_STATE and
   KVM_SET_{S}REGS could cause vmcb02 to be incorrectly initialized after
   save+restore.
 
 - Add a variety of missing nSVM consistency checks.
 
 - Fix several bugs where KVM failed to correctly update VMCB fields on
   nested #VMEXIT.
 
 - Fix several bugs where KVM failed to correctly synthesize #UD or #GP for
   SVM-related instructions.
 
 - Add support for save+restore of virtualized LBRs (on SVM).
 
 - Refactor various helpers and macros to improve clarity and (hopefully)
   make the code easier to maintain.
 
 - Aggressively sanitize fields when copying from vmcb12, to guard against
   unintentionally allowing L1 to utilize yet-to-be-defined features.
 
 - Fix several bugs where KVM botched rAX legality checks when emulating SVM
   instructions.  There are remaining issues in that KVM doesn't handle size
   prefix overrides for 64-bit guests.
 
 - Fail emulation of VMRUN/VMLOAD/VMSAVE if mapping vmcb12 fails instead of
   somewhat arbitrarily synthesizing #GP (i.e. don't double down on AMD's
   architectural but sketchy behavior of generating #GP for "unsupported"
   addresses).
 
 - Cache all used vmcb12 fields to further harden against TOCTOU bugs.
 
 x86 (Intel):
 
 - Drop obsolete branch hint prefixes from the VMX instruction macros.
 
 - Use ASM_INPUT_RM() in __vmcs_writel() to coerce clang into using a
   register input when appropriate.
 
 - Code cleanups.
 
 guest_memfd:
 
 - Don't mark guest_memfd folios as accessed, as guest_memfd doesn't support
   reclaim, the memory is unevictable, and there is no storage to write
   back to.
 
 LoongArch selftests:
 
 - Add KVM PMU test cases
 
 s390 selftests:
 
 - Enable more memory selftests.
 
 x86 selftests:
 
 - Add support for Hygon CPUs in KVM selftests.
 
 - Fix a bug in the MSR test where it would get false failures on AMD/Hygon
   CPUs with exactly one of RDPID or RDTSCP.
 
 - Add an MADV_COLLAPSE testcase for guest_memfd as a regression test for a
   bug where the kernel would attempt to collapse guest_memfd folios against
   KVM's will.
 -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
 
 iQFIBAABCAAyFiEE8TM4V0tmI4mGbHaCv/vSX3jHroMFAmnftRQUHHBib256aW5p
 QHJlZGhhdC5jb20ACgkQv/vSX3jHroPAzwf+NKO4Ktv+7A22ImN0SBl0nlUuulsz
 vTcw3+hxdRoIw83GdNS+hG5js0wrpMDnbv3t4+VliDNBSSxrBzcSWX2wpilW0Xtw
 qGo1MWhs2lKPy1NlaRVOwPS6j7uF3AR0TQ1iQLGMedQuCU9WpiKJxyhNXJdbLrt3
 8EgFzsvtEsv+jKNRUNDf9+d0j4gZsFyIe+Brhianbw+u3/UCiUClLCdsKPc4+5ZX
 08otYXytacGNIf/5Ev1vT4pHkHL0yqKXAtX7LEtaS3+0KrPuLjV4slemivzE9vf5
 Evafm5AhA4wpaNMb1ZerhY3T94lsMaJpWxotjR//0Q7C9B59pCQnXCm8mg==
 =CcE0
 -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

Merge tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm

Pull kvm updates from Paolo Bonzini:
 "Arm:

   - Add support for tracing in the standalone EL2 hypervisor code,
     which should help both debugging and performance analysis. This
     uses the new infrastructure for 'remote' trace buffers that can be
     exposed by non-kernel entities such as firmware, and which came
     through the tracing tree

   - Add support for GICv5 Per Processor Interrupts (PPIs), as the
     starting point for supporting the new GIC architecture in KVM

   - Finally add support for pKVM protected guests, where pages are
     unmapped from the host as they are faulted into the guest and can
     be shared back from the guest using pKVM hypercalls. Protected
     guests are created using a new machine type identifier. As the
     elusive guestmem has not yet delivered on its promises, anonymous
     memory is also supported

     This is only a first step towards full isolation from the host; for
     example, the CPU register state and DMA accesses are not yet
     isolated. Because this does not really yet bring fully what it
     promises, it is hidden behind CONFIG_ARM_PKVM_GUEST +
     'kvm-arm.mode=protected', and also triggers TAINT_USER when a VM is
     created. Caveat emptor

   - Rework the dreaded user_mem_abort() function to make it more
     maintainable, reducing the amount of state being exposed to the
     various helpers and rendering a substantial amount of state
     immutable

   - Expand the Stage-2 page table dumper to support NV shadow page
     tables on a per-VM basis

   - Tidy up the pKVM PSCI proxy code to be slightly less hard to
     follow

   - Fix both SPE and TRBE in non-VHE configurations so that they do not
     generate spurious, out of context table walks that ultimately lead
     to very bad HW lockups

   - A small set of patches fixing the Stage-2 MMU freeing in error
     cases

   - Tighten-up accepted SMC immediate value to be only #0 for host
     SMCCC calls

   - The usual cleanups and other selftest churn

  LoongArch:

   - Use CSR_CRMD_PLV for kvm_arch_vcpu_in_kernel()

   - Add DMSINTC irqchip in kernel support

  RISC-V:

   - Fix steal time shared memory alignment checks

   - Fix vector context allocation leak

   - Fix array out-of-bounds in pmu_ctr_read() and pmu_fw_ctr_read_hi()

   - Fix double-free of sdata in kvm_pmu_clear_snapshot_area()

   - Fix integer overflow in kvm_pmu_validate_counter_mask()

   - Fix shift-out-of-bounds in make_xfence_request()

   - Fix lost write protection on huge pages during dirty logging

   - Split huge pages during fault handling for dirty logging

   - Skip CSR restore if VCPU is reloaded on the same core

   - Implement kvm_arch_has_default_irqchip() for KVM selftests

   - Factored-out ISA checks into separate sources

   - Added hideleg to struct kvm_vcpu_config

   - Factored-out VCPU config into separate sources

   - Support configuration of per-VM HGATP mode from KVM user space

  s390:

   - Support for ESA (31-bit) guests inside nested hypervisors

   - Remove restriction on memslot alignment, which is not needed
     anymore with the new gmap code

   - Fix LPSW/E to update the bear (which of course is the breaking
     event address register)

  x86:

   - Shut up various UBSAN warnings on reading module parameter before
     they were initialized

   - Don't zero-allocate page tables that are used for splitting
     hugepages in the TDP MMU, as KVM is guaranteed to set all SPTEs in
     the page table and thus write all bytes

   - As an optimization, bail early when trying to unsync 4KiB mappings
     if the target gfn can just be mapped with a 2MiB hugepage

  x86 generic:

   - Copy single-chunk MMIO write values into struct kvm_vcpu (more
     precisely struct kvm_mmio_fragment) to fix use-after-free stack
     bugs where KVM would dereference stack pointer after an exit to
     userspace

   - Clean up and comment the emulated MMIO code to try to make it
     easier to maintain (not necessarily "easy", but "easier")

   - Move VMXON+VMXOFF and EFER.SVME toggling out of KVM (not *all* of
     VMX and SVM enabling) as it is needed for trusted I/O

   - Advertise support for AVX512 Bit Matrix Multiply (BMM) instructions

   - Immediately fail the build if a required #define is missing in one
     of KVM's headers that is included multiple times

   - Reject SET_GUEST_DEBUG with -EBUSY if there's an already injected
     exception, mostly to prevent syzkaller from abusing the uAPI to
     trigger WARNs, but also because it can help prevent userspace from
     unintentionally crashing the VM

   - Exempt SMM from CPUID faulting on Intel, as per the spec

   - Misc hardening and cleanup changes

  x86 (AMD):

   - Fix and optimize IRQ window inhibit handling for AVIC; make it
     per-vCPU so that KVM doesn't prematurely re-enable AVIC if multiple
     vCPUs have to-be-injected IRQs

   - Clean up and optimize the OSVW handling, avoiding a bug in which
     KVM would overwrite state when enabling virtualization on multiple
     CPUs in parallel. This should not be a problem because OSVW should
     usually be the same for all CPUs

   - Drop a WARN in KVM_MEMORY_ENCRYPT_REG_REGION where KVM complains
     about a "too large" size based purely on user input

   - Clean up and harden the pinning code for KVM_MEMORY_ENCRYPT_REG_REGION

   - Disallow synchronizing a VMSA of an already-launched/encrypted
     vCPU, as doing so for an SNP guest will crash the host due to an
     RMP violation page fault

   - Overhaul KVM's APIs for detecting SEV+ guests so that VM-scoped
     queries are required to hold kvm->lock, and enforce it by lockdep.
     Fix various bugs where sev_guest() was not ensured to be stable for
     the whole duration of a function or ioctl

   - Convert a pile of kvm->lock SEV code to guard()

   - Play nicer with userspace that does not enable
     KVM_CAP_EXCEPTION_PAYLOAD, for which KVM needs to set CR2 and DR6
     as a response to ioctls such as KVM_GET_VCPU_EVENTS (even if the
     payload would end up in EXITINFO2 rather than CR2, for example).
     Only set CR2 and DR6 when consumption of the payload is imminent,
     but on the other hand force delivery of the payload in all paths
     where userspace retrieves CR2 or DR6

   - Use vcpu->arch.cr2 when updating vmcb12's CR2 on nested #VMEXIT
     instead of vmcb02->save.cr2. The value is out of sync after a
     save/restore or after a #PF is injected into L2

   - Fix a class of nSVM bugs where some fields written by the CPU are
     not synchronized from vmcb02 to cached vmcb12 after VMRUN, and so
     are not up-to-date when saved by KVM_GET_NESTED_STATE

   - Fix a class of bugs where the ordering between KVM_SET_NESTED_STATE
     and KVM_SET_{S}REGS could cause vmcb02 to be incorrectly
     initialized after save+restore

   - Add a variety of missing nSVM consistency checks

   - Fix several bugs where KVM failed to correctly update VMCB fields
     on nested #VMEXIT

   - Fix several bugs where KVM failed to correctly synthesize #UD or
     #GP for SVM-related instructions

   - Add support for save+restore of virtualized LBRs (on SVM)

   - Refactor various helpers and macros to improve clarity and
     (hopefully) make the code easier to maintain

   - Aggressively sanitize fields when copying from vmcb12, to guard
     against unintentionally allowing L1 to utilize yet-to-be-defined
     features

   - Fix several bugs where KVM botched rAX legality checks when
     emulating SVM instructions. There are remaining issues in that KVM
     doesn't handle size prefix overrides for 64-bit guests

   - Fail emulation of VMRUN/VMLOAD/VMSAVE if mapping vmcb12 fails
     instead of somewhat arbitrarily synthesizing #GP (i.e. don't double
     down on AMD's architectural but sketchy behavior of generating #GP
     for "unsupported" addresses)

   - Cache all used vmcb12 fields to further harden against TOCTOU bugs

  x86 (Intel):

   - Drop obsolete branch hint prefixes from the VMX instruction macros

   - Use ASM_INPUT_RM() in __vmcs_writel() to coerce clang into using a
     register input when appropriate

   - Code cleanups

  guest_memfd:

   - Don't mark guest_memfd folios as accessed, as guest_memfd doesn't
     support reclaim, the memory is unevictable, and there is no storage
     to write back to

  LoongArch selftests:

   - Add KVM PMU test cases

  s390 selftests:

   - Enable more memory selftests

  x86 selftests:

   - Add support for Hygon CPUs in KVM selftests

   - Fix a bug in the MSR test where it would get false failures on
     AMD/Hygon CPUs with exactly one of RDPID or RDTSCP

   - Add an MADV_COLLAPSE testcase for guest_memfd as a regression test
     for a bug where the kernel would attempt to collapse guest_memfd
     folios against KVM's will"

* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: (373 commits)
  KVM: x86: use inlines instead of macros for is_sev_*guest
  x86/virt: Treat SVM as unsupported when running as an SEV+ guest
  KVM: SEV: Goto an existing error label if charging misc_cg for an ASID fails
  KVM: SVM: Move lock-protected allocation of SEV ASID into a separate helper
  KVM: SEV: use mutex guard in snp_handle_guest_req()
  KVM: SEV: use mutex guard in sev_mem_enc_unregister_region()
  KVM: SEV: use mutex guard in sev_mem_enc_ioctl()
  KVM: SEV: use mutex guard in snp_launch_update()
  KVM: SEV: Assert that kvm->lock is held when querying SEV+ support
  KVM: SEV: Document that checking for SEV+ guests when reclaiming memory is "safe"
  KVM: SEV: Hide "struct kvm_sev_info" behind CONFIG_KVM_AMD_SEV=y
  KVM: SEV: WARN on unhandled VM type when initializing VM
  KVM: LoongArch: selftests: Add PMU overflow interrupt test
  KVM: LoongArch: selftests: Add basic PMU event counting test
  KVM: LoongArch: selftests: Add cpucfg read/write helpers
  LoongArch: KVM: Add DMSINTC inject msi to vCPU
  LoongArch: KVM: Add DMSINTC device support
  LoongArch: KVM: Make vcpu_is_preempted() as a macro rather than function
  LoongArch: KVM: Move host CSR_GSTAT save and restore in context switch
  LoongArch: KVM: Move host CSR_EENTRY save and restore in context switch
  ...
2026-04-17 07:18:03 -07:00
Catalin Marinas
480a9e57cc Merge branches 'for-next/misc', 'for-next/tlbflush', 'for-next/ttbr-macros-cleanup', 'for-next/kselftest', 'for-next/feat_lsui', 'for-next/mpam', 'for-next/hotplug-batched-tlbi', 'for-next/bbml2-fixes', 'for-next/sysreg', 'for-next/generic-entry' and 'for-next/acpi', remote-tracking branches 'arm64/for-next/perf' and 'arm64/for-next/read-once' into for-next/core
* arm64/for-next/perf:
  : Perf updates
  perf/arm-cmn: Fix resource_size_t printk specifier in arm_cmn_init_dtc()
  perf/arm-cmn: Fix incorrect error check for devm_ioremap()
  perf: add NVIDIA Tegra410 C2C PMU
  perf: add NVIDIA Tegra410 CPU Memory Latency PMU
  perf/arm_cspmu: nvidia: Add Tegra410 PCIE-TGT PMU
  perf/arm_cspmu: nvidia: Add Tegra410 PCIE PMU
  perf/arm_cspmu: Add arm_cspmu_acpi_dev_get
  perf/arm_cspmu: nvidia: Add Tegra410 UCF PMU
  perf/arm_cspmu: nvidia: Rename doc to Tegra241
  perf/arm-cmn: Stop claiming entire iomem region
  arm64: cpufeature: Use pmuv3_implemented() function
  arm64: cpufeature: Make PMUVer and PerfMon unsigned
  KVM: arm64: Read PMUVer as unsigned

* arm64/for-next/read-once:
  : Fixes for __READ_ONCE() with CONFIG_LTO=y
  arm64, compiler-context-analysis: Permit alias analysis through __READ_ONCE() with CONFIG_LTO=y
  arm64: Optimize __READ_ONCE() with CONFIG_LTO=y

* for-next/misc:
  : Miscellaneous cleanups/fixes
  arm64: rsi: use linear-map alias for realm config buffer
  arm64: Kconfig: fix duplicate word in CMDLINE help text
  arm64: mte: Skip TFSR_EL1 checks and barriers in synchronous tag check mode
  arm64/hwcap: Generate the KERNEL_HWCAP_ definitions for the hwcaps
  arm64: kexec: Remove duplicate allocation for trans_pgd
  arm64: mm: Use generic enum pgtable_level
  arm64: scs: Remove redundant save/restore of SCS SP on entry to/from EL0
  arm64: remove ARCH_INLINE_*

* for-next/tlbflush:
  : Refactor the arm64 TLB invalidation API and implementation
  arm64: mm: __ptep_set_access_flags must hint correct TTL
  arm64: mm: Provide level hint for flush_tlb_page()
  arm64: mm: Wrap flush_tlb_page() around __do_flush_tlb_range()
  arm64: mm: More flags for __flush_tlb_range()
  arm64: mm: Refactor __flush_tlb_range() to take flags
  arm64: mm: Refactor flush_tlb_page() to use __tlbi_level_asid()
  arm64: mm: Simplify __flush_tlb_range_limit_excess()
  arm64: mm: Simplify __TLBI_RANGE_NUM() macro
  arm64: mm: Re-implement the __flush_tlb_range_op macro in C
  arm64: mm: Inline __TLBI_VADDR_RANGE() into __tlbi_range()
  arm64: mm: Push __TLBI_VADDR() into __tlbi_level()
  arm64: mm: Implicitly invalidate user ASID based on TLBI operation
  arm64: mm: Introduce a C wrapper for by-range TLB invalidation
  arm64: mm: Re-implement the __tlbi_level macro as a C function

* for-next/ttbr-macros-cleanup:
  : Cleanups of the TTBR1_* macros
  arm64/mm: Directly use TTBRx_EL1_CnP
  arm64/mm: Directly use TTBRx_EL1_ASID_MASK
  arm64/mm: Describe TTBR1_BADDR_4852_OFFSET

* for-next/kselftest:
  : arm64 kselftest updates
  selftests/arm64: Implement cmpbr_sigill() to hwcap test

* for-next/feat_lsui:
  : Futex support using FEAT_LSUI instructions to avoid toggling PAN
  arm64: armv8_deprecated: Disable swp emulation when FEAT_LSUI present
  arm64: Kconfig: Add support for LSUI
  KVM: arm64: Use CAST instruction for swapping guest descriptor
  arm64: futex: Support futex with FEAT_LSUI
  arm64: futex: Refactor futex atomic operation
  KVM: arm64: kselftest: set_id_regs: Add test for FEAT_LSUI
  KVM: arm64: Expose FEAT_LSUI to guests
  arm64: cpufeature: Add FEAT_LSUI

* for-next/mpam: (40 commits)
  : Expose MPAM to user-space via resctrl:
  :  - Add architecture context-switch and hiding of the feature from KVM.
  :  - Add interface to allow MPAM to be exposed to user-space using resctrl.
  :  - Add errata workaoround for some existing platforms.
  :  - Add documentation for using MPAM and what shape of platforms can use resctrl
  arm64: mpam: Add initial MPAM documentation
  arm_mpam: Quirk CMN-650's CSU NRDY behaviour
  arm_mpam: Add workaround for T241-MPAM-6
  arm_mpam: Add workaround for T241-MPAM-4
  arm_mpam: Add workaround for T241-MPAM-1
  arm_mpam: Add quirk framework
  arm_mpam: resctrl: Call resctrl_init() on platforms that can support resctrl
  arm64: mpam: Select ARCH_HAS_CPU_RESCTRL
  arm_mpam: resctrl: Add empty definitions for assorted resctrl functions
  arm_mpam: resctrl: Update the rmid reallocation limit
  arm_mpam: resctrl: Add resctrl_arch_rmid_read()
  arm_mpam: resctrl: Allow resctrl to allocate monitors
  arm_mpam: resctrl: Add support for csu counters
  arm_mpam: resctrl: Add monitor initialisation and domain boilerplate
  arm_mpam: resctrl: Add kunit test for control format conversions
  arm_mpam: resctrl: Add support for 'MB' resource
  arm_mpam: resctrl: Wait for cacheinfo to be ready
  arm_mpam: resctrl: Add rmid index helpers
  arm_mpam: resctrl: Convert to/from MPAMs fixed-point formats
  arm_mpam: resctrl: Hide CDP emulation behind CONFIG_EXPERT
  ...

* for-next/hotplug-batched-tlbi:
  : arm64/mm: Enable batched TLB flush in unmap_hotplug_range()
  arm64/mm: Reject memory removal that splits a kernel leaf mapping
  arm64/mm: Enable batched TLB flush in unmap_hotplug_range()

* for-next/bbml2-fixes:
  : Fixes for realm guest and BBML2_NOABORT
  arm64: mm: Remove pmd_sect() and pud_sect()
  arm64: mm: Handle invalid large leaf mappings correctly
  arm64: mm: Fix rodata=full block mapping support for realm guests

* for-next/sysreg:
  : arm64 sysreg updates
  arm64/sysreg: Update ID_AA64SMFR0_EL1 description to DDI0601 2025-12
  arm64/sysreg: Update ID_AA64ZFR0_EL1 description to DDI0601 2025-12
  arm64/sysreg: Update ID_AA64FPFR0_EL1 description to DDI0601 2025-12
  arm64/sysreg: Update ID_AA64ISAR2_EL1 description to DDI0601 2025-12
  arm64/sysreg: Update ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1 description to DDI0601 2025-12
  arm64/sysreg: Update SMIDR_EL1 to DDI0601 2025-06

* for-next/generic-entry:
  : More arm64 refactoring towards using the generic entry code
  arm64: Check DAIF (and PMR) at task-switch time
  arm64: entry: Use split preemption logic
  arm64: entry: Use irqentry_{enter_from,exit_to}_kernel_mode()
  arm64: entry: Consistently prefix arm64-specific wrappers
  arm64: entry: Don't preempt with SError or Debug masked
  entry: Split preemption from irqentry_exit_to_kernel_mode()
  entry: Split kernel mode logic from irqentry_{enter,exit}()
  entry: Move irqentry_enter() prototype later
  entry: Remove local_irq_{enable,disable}_exit_to_user()
  entry: Fix stale comment for irqentry_enter()

* for-next/acpi:
  : arm64 ACPI updates
  ACPI: AGDI: fix missing newline in error message
2026-04-10 14:22:24 +01:00
James Morse
67faed4ccb KVM: arm64: Force guest EL1 to use user-space's partid configuration
While we trap the guest's attempts to read/write the MPAM control
registers, the hardware continues to use them. Guest-EL0 uses KVM's
user-space's configuration, as the value is left in the register, and
guest-EL1 uses either the host kernel's configuration, or in the case of
VHE, the UNKNOWN reset value of MPAM1_EL1.

We want to force the guest-EL1 to use KVM's user-space's MPAM
configuration. On nVHE rely on MPAM0_EL1 and MPAM1_EL1 always being
programmed the same and on VHE copy MPAM0_EL1 into the guest's
MPAM1_EL1. There is no need to restore as this is out of context once TGE
is set.

Tested-by: Gavin Shan <gshan@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Shaopeng Tan <tan.shaopeng@jp.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: Peter Newman <peternewman@google.com>
Tested-by: Zeng Heng <zengheng4@huawei.com>
Tested-by: Punit Agrawal <punit.agrawal@oss.qualcomm.com>
Tested-by: Jesse Chick <jessechick@os.amperecomputing.com>
Reviewed-by: Zeng Heng <zengheng4@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Shaopeng Tan <tan.shaopeng@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Jonathan Cameron <jonathan.cameron@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Gavin Shan <gshan@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Co-developed-by: Ben Horgan <ben.horgan@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Horgan <ben.horgan@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
2026-03-27 15:29:17 +00:00
Sascha Bischoff
af325e87af KVM: arm64: gic-v5: Add vgic-v5 save/restore hyp interface
Introduce the following hyp functions to save/restore GICv5 state:

* __vgic_v5_save_apr()
* __vgic_v5_restore_vmcr_apr()
* __vgic_v5_save_ppi_state()	- no hypercall required
* __vgic_v5_restore_ppi_state()	- no hypercall required
* __vgic_v5_save_state()	- no hypercall required
* __vgic_v5_restore_state()	- no hypercall required

Note that the functions tagged as not requiring hypercalls are always
called directly from the same context. They are either called via the
vgic_save_state()/vgic_restore_state() path when running with VHE, or
via __hyp_vgic_save_state()/__hyp_vgic_restore_state() otherwise. This
mimics how vgic_v3_save_state()/vgic_v3_restore_state() are
implemented.

Overall, the state of the following registers is saved/restored:

* ICC_ICSR_EL1
* ICH_APR_EL2
* ICH_PPI_ACTIVERx_EL2
* ICH_PPI_DVIRx_EL2
* ICH_PPI_ENABLERx_EL2
* ICH_PPI_PENDRx_EL2
* ICH_PPI_PRIORITYRx_EL2
* ICH_VMCR_EL2

All of these are saved/restored to/from the KVM vgic_v5 CPUIF shadow
state, with the exception of the PPI active, pending, and enable
state. The pending state is saved and restored from kvm_host_data as
any changes here need to be tracked and propagated back to the
vgic_irq shadow structures (coming in a future commit). Therefore, an
entry and an exit copy is required. The active and enable state is
restored from the vgic_v5 CPUIF, but is saved to kvm_host_data. Again,
this needs to by synced back into the shadow data structures.

The ICSR must be save/restored as this register is shared between host
and guest. Therefore, to avoid leaking host state to the guest, this
must be saved and restored. Moreover, as this can by used by the host
at any time, it must be save/restored eagerly. Note: the host state is
not preserved as the host should only use this register when
preemption is disabled.

As with GICv3, the VMCR is eagerly saved as this is required when
checking if interrupts can be injected or not, and therefore impacts
things such as WFI.

As part of restoring the ICH_VMCR_EL2 and ICH_APR_EL2, GICv3-compat
mode is also disabled by setting the ICH_VCTLR_EL2.V3 bit to 0. The
correspoinding GICv3-compat mode enable is part of the VMCR & APR
restore for a GICv3 guest as it only takes effect when actually
running a guest.

Co-authored-by: Timothy Hayes <timothy.hayes@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Timothy Hayes <timothy.hayes@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Sascha Bischoff <sascha.bischoff@arm.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260319154937.3619520-17-sascha.bischoff@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
2026-03-19 18:21:28 +00:00
Will Deacon
a371003560 arm64: mm: Push __TLBI_VADDR() into __tlbi_level()
The __TLBI_VADDR() macro takes an ASID and an address and converts them
into a single argument formatted correctly for a TLB invalidation
instruction.

Rather than have callers worry about this (especially in the case where
the ASID is zero), push the macro down into __tlbi_level() via a new
__tlbi_level_asid() helper.

Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Linu Cherian <linu.cherian@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Jonathan Cameron <jonathan.cameron@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2026-03-13 17:23:03 +00:00
Mark Rutland
a8f78680ee arm64: tlb: Optimize ARM64_WORKAROUND_REPEAT_TLBI
The ARM64_WORKAROUND_REPEAT_TLBI workaround is used to mitigate several
errata where broadcast TLBI;DSB sequences don't provide all the
architecturally required synchronization. The workaround performs more
work than necessary, and can have significant overhead. This patch
optimizes the workaround, as explained below.

The workaround was originally added for Qualcomm Falkor erratum 1009 in
commit:

  d9ff80f83e ("arm64: Work around Falkor erratum 1009")

As noted in the message for that commit, the workaround is applied even
in cases where it is not strictly necessary.

The workaround was later reused without changes for:

* Arm Cortex-A76 erratum #1286807
  SDEN v33: https://developer.arm.com/documentation/SDEN-885749/33-0/

* Arm Cortex-A55 erratum #2441007
  SDEN v16: https://developer.arm.com/documentation/SDEN-859338/1600/

* Arm Cortex-A510 erratum #2441009
  SDEN v19: https://developer.arm.com/documentation/SDEN-1873351/1900/

The important details to note are as follows:

1. All relevant errata only affect the ordering and/or completion of
   memory accesses which have been translated by an invalidated TLB
   entry. The actual invalidation of TLB entries is unaffected.

2. The existing workaround is applied to both broadcast and local TLB
   invalidation, whereas for all relevant errata it is only necessary to
   apply a workaround for broadcast invalidation.

3. The existing workaround replaces every TLBI with a TLBI;DSB;TLBI
   sequence, whereas for all relevant errata it is only necessary to
   execute a single additional TLBI;DSB sequence after any number of
   TLBIs are completed by a DSB.

   For example, for a sequence of batched TLBIs:

       TLBI <op1>[, <arg1>]
       TLBI <op2>[, <arg2>]
       TLBI <op3>[, <arg3>]
       DSB ISH

   ... the existing workaround will expand this to:

       TLBI <op1>[, <arg1>]
       DSB ISH                  // additional
       TLBI <op1>[, <arg1>]     // additional
       TLBI <op2>[, <arg2>]
       DSB ISH                  // additional
       TLBI <op2>[, <arg2>]     // additional
       TLBI <op3>[, <arg3>]
       DSB ISH                  // additional
       TLBI <op3>[, <arg3>]     // additional
       DSB ISH

   ... whereas it is sufficient to have:

       TLBI <op1>[, <arg1>]
       TLBI <op2>[, <arg2>]
       TLBI <op3>[, <arg3>]
       DSB ISH
       TLBI <opX>[, <argX>]     // additional
       DSB ISH                  // additional

   Using a single additional TBLI and DSB at the end of the sequence can
   have significantly lower overhead as each DSB which completes a TLBI
   must synchronize with other PEs in the system, with potential
   performance effects both locally and system-wide.

4. The existing workaround repeats each specific TLBI operation, whereas
   for all relevant errata it is sufficient for the additional TLBI to
   use *any* operation which will be broadcast, regardless of which
   translation regime or stage of translation the operation applies to.

   For example, for a single TLBI:

       TLBI ALLE2IS
       DSB ISH

   ... the existing workaround will expand this to:

       TLBI ALLE2IS
       DSB ISH
       TLBI ALLE2IS             // additional
       DSB ISH                  // additional

   ... whereas it is sufficient to have:

       TLBI ALLE2IS
       DSB ISH
       TLBI VALE1IS, XZR        // additional
       DSB ISH                  // additional

   As the additional TLBI doesn't have to match a specific earlier TLBI,
   the additional TLBI can be implemented in separate code, with no
   memory of the earlier TLBIs. The additional TLBI can also use a
   cheaper TLBI operation.

5. The existing workaround is applied to both Stage-1 and Stage-2 TLB
   invalidation, whereas for all relevant errata it is only necessary to
   apply a workaround for Stage-1 invalidation.

   Architecturally, TLBI operations which invalidate only Stage-2
   information (e.g. IPAS2E1IS) are not required to invalidate TLB
   entries which combine information from Stage-1 and Stage-2
   translation table entries, and consequently may not complete memory
   accesses translated by those combined entries. In these cases,
   completion of memory accesses is only guaranteed after subsequent
   invalidation of Stage-1 information (e.g. VMALLE1IS).

Taking the above points into account, this patch reworks the workaround
logic to reduce overhead:

* New __tlbi_sync_s1ish() and __tlbi_sync_s1ish_hyp() functions are
  added and used in place of any dsb(ish) which is used to complete
  broadcast Stage-1 TLB maintenance. When the
  ARM64_WORKAROUND_REPEAT_TLBI workaround is enabled, these helpers will
  execute an additional TLBI;DSB sequence.

  For consistency, it might make sense to add __tlbi_sync_*() helpers
  for local and stage 2 maintenance. For now I've left those with
  open-coded dsb() to keep the diff small.

* The duplication of TLBIs in __TLBI_0() and __TLBI_1() is removed. This
  is no longer needed as the necessary synchronization will happen in
  __tlbi_sync_s1ish() or __tlbi_sync_s1ish_hyp().

* The additional TLBI operation is chosen to have minimal impact:

  - __tlbi_sync_s1ish() uses "TLBI VALE1IS, XZR". This is only used at
    EL1 or at EL2 with {E2H,TGE}=={1,1}, where it will target an unused
    entry for the reserved ASID in the kernel's own translation regime,
    and have no adverse affect.

  - __tlbi_sync_s1ish_hyp() uses "TLBI VALE2IS, XZR". This is only used
    in hyp code, where it will target an unused entry in the hyp code's
    TTBR0 mapping, and should have no adverse effect.

* As __TLBI_0() and __TLBI_1() no longer replace each TLBI with a
  TLBI;DSB;TLBI sequence, batching TLBIs is worthwhile, and there's no
  need for arch_tlbbatch_should_defer() to consider
  ARM64_WORKAROUND_REPEAT_TLBI.

When building defconfig with GCC 15.1.0, compared to v6.19-rc1, this
patch saves ~1KiB of text, makes the vmlinux ~42KiB smaller, and makes
the resulting Image 64KiB smaller:

| [mark@lakrids:~/src/linux]% size vmlinux-*
|    text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
| 21179831        19660919         708216 41548966        279fca6 vmlinux-after
| 21181075        19660903         708216 41550194        27a0172 vmlinux-before
| [mark@lakrids:~/src/linux]% ls -l vmlinux-*
| -rwxr-xr-x 1 mark mark 157771472 Feb  4 12:05 vmlinux-after
| -rwxr-xr-x 1 mark mark 157815432 Feb  4 12:05 vmlinux-before
| [mark@lakrids:~/src/linux]% ls -l Image-*
| -rw-r--r-- 1 mark mark 41007616 Feb  4 12:05 Image-after
| -rw-r--r-- 1 mark mark 41073152 Feb  4 12:05 Image-before

Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Cc: Oliver Upton <oupton@kernel.org>
Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2026-02-25 21:37:44 +00:00
Marc Zyngier
6316366129 Merge branch kvm-arm64/misc-6.20 into kvmarm-master/next
* kvm-arm64/misc-6.20:
  : .
  : Misc KVM/arm64 changes for 6.20
  :
  : - Trivial FPSIMD cleanups
  :
  : - Calculate hyp VA size only once, avoiding potential mapping issues when
  :   VA bits is smaller than expected
  :
  : - Silence sparse warning for the HYP stack base
  :
  : - Fix error checking when handling FFA_VERSION
  :
  : - Add missing trap configuration for DBGWCR15_EL1
  :
  : - Don't try to deal with nested S2 when NV isn't enabled for a guest
  :
  : - Various spelling fixes
  : .
  KVM: arm64: nv: Avoid NV stage-2 code when NV is not supported
  KVM: arm64: Fix various comments
  KVM: arm64: nv: Add trap config for DBGWCR<15>_EL1
  KVM: arm64: Fix error checking for FFA_VERSION
  KVM: arm64: Fix missing <asm/stackpage/nvhe.h> include
  KVM: arm64: Calculate hyp VA size only once
  KVM: arm64: Remove ISB after writing FPEXC32_EL2
  KVM: arm64: Shuffle KVM_HOST_DATA_FLAG_* indices
  KVM: arm64: Fix comment in fpsimd_lazy_switch_to_host()

Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
2026-02-05 09:17:58 +00:00
Zenghui Yu (Huawei)
82a32eacba KVM: arm64: Fix various comments
Use tab instead of whitespaces, as well as 2 minor typo fixes.

Signed-off-by: Zenghui Yu (Huawei) <zenghui.yu@linux.dev>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260128075208.23024-1-zenghui.yu@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
2026-01-30 09:57:12 +00:00
Alexandru Elisei
d252c7898e KVM: arm64: Remove unused parameter in synchronize_vcpu_pstate()
synchronize_vcpu_pstate() doesn't make use of the reference to exit_code,
remove the parameter.

Reviewed-by: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexandru Elisei <alexandru.elisei@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Link: https://msgid.link/20251216103053.47224-5-alexandru.elisei@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oupton@kernel.org>
2026-01-08 12:56:17 -08:00
Oliver Upton
05d9f34083 KVM: arm64: nv: Exclude guest's TWED configuration when TWE isn't set
Ignore the guest hypervisor's configured TWE delay if it hasn't actually
requested WFE traps. Otherwise, OR'ing these fields into the effective
HCR when the guest sets TWE is safe as KVM doesn't use FEAT_TWED and
leaves the fields initialized to 0.

Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
2025-09-19 14:01:35 +01:00
Marc Zyngier
9049fb1227 KVM: arm64: Ignore HCR_EL2.FIEN set by L1 guest's EL2
An EL2 guest can set HCR_EL2.FIEN, which gives access to the RASv1p1
fault injection mechanism. This would allow an EL1 guest to inject
error records into the system, which does sound like a terrible idea.

Prevent this situation by added FIEN to the list of bits we silently
exclude from being inserted into the host configuration.

Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Joey Gouly <joey.gouly@arm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250817202158.395078-4-maz@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
2025-08-21 16:28:46 -07:00
Marc Zyngier
303084ad12 KVM: arm64: Filter out HCR_EL2 bits when running in hypervisor context
Most HCR_EL2 bits are not supposed to affect EL2 at all, but only
the guest. However, we gladly merge these bits with the host's
HCR_EL2 configuration, irrespective of entering L1 or L2.

This leads to some funky behaviour, such as L1 trying to inject
a virtual SError for L2, and getting a taste of its own medecine.
Not quite what the architecture anticipated.

In the end, the only bits that matter are those we have defined as
invariants, either because we've made them RESx (E2H, HCD...), or
that we actively refuse to merge because the mess with KVM's own
logic.

Use the sanitisation infrastructure to get the RES1 bits, and let
things rip in a safer way.

Fixes: 04ab519bb8 ("KVM: arm64: nv: Configure HCR_EL2 for FEAT_NV2")
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250721101955.535159-3-maz@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
2025-07-21 09:35:57 -07:00
Oliver Upton
02dd33ec88 KVM: arm64: Context switch SCTLR2_ELx when advertised to the guest
Restore SCTLR2_EL1 with the correct value for the given context when
FEAT_SCTLR2 is advertised to the guest.

Reviewed-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250708172532.1699409-13-oliver.upton@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
2025-07-08 11:36:35 -07:00
Mark Rutland
04c5355b2a KVM: arm64: VHE: Centralize ISBs when returning to host
The VHE hyp code has recently gained a few ISBs. Simplify this to one
unconditional ISB in __kvm_vcpu_run_vhe(), and remove the unnecessary
ISB from the kvm_call_hyp_ret() macro.

While kvm_call_hyp_ret() is also used to invoke
__vgic_v3_get_gic_config(), but no ISB is necessary in that case either.

For the moment, an ISB is left in kvm_call_hyp(), as there are many more
users, and removing the ISB would require a more thorough audit.

Suggested-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Cc: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Cc: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250617133718.4014181-8-mark.rutland@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
2025-06-19 13:34:59 +01:00
Mark Rutland
e62dd50784 KVM: arm64: Reorganise CPTR trap manipulation
The NVHE/HVHE and VHE modes have separate implementations of
__activate_cptr_traps() and __deactivate_cptr_traps() in their
respective switch.c files. There's some duplication of logic, and it's
not currently possible to reuse this logic elsewhere.

Move the logic into the common switch.h header so that it can be reused,
and de-duplicate the common logic.

This rework changes the way SVE traps are deactivated in VHE mode,
aligning it with NVHE/HVHE modes:

* Before this patch, VHE's __deactivate_cptr_traps() would
  unconditionally enable SVE for host EL2 (but not EL0), regardless of
  whether the ARM64_SVE cpucap was set.

* After this patch, VHE's __deactivate_cptr_traps() will take the
  ARM64_SVE cpucap into account. When ARM64_SVE is not set, SVE will be
  trapped from EL2 and below.

The old and new behaviour are both benign:

* When ARM64_SVE is not set, the host will not touch SVE state, and will
  not reconfigure SVE traps. Host EL0 access to SVE will be trapped as
  expected.

* When ARM64_SVE is set, the host will configure EL0 SVE traps before
  returning to EL0 as part of reloading the EL0 FPSIMD/SVE/SME state.

Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Cc: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Cc: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250617133718.4014181-4-mark.rutland@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
2025-06-19 13:06:19 +01:00
Mark Rutland
257d0aa8e2 KVM: arm64: VHE: Synchronize CPTR trap deactivation
Currently there is no ISB between __deactivate_cptr_traps() disabling
traps that affect EL2 and fpsimd_lazy_switch_to_host() manipulating
registers potentially affected by CPTR traps.

When NV is not in use, this is safe because the relevant registers are
only accessed when guest_owns_fp_regs() && vcpu_has_sve(vcpu), and this
also implies that SVE traps affecting EL2 have been deactivated prior to
__guest_entry().

When NV is in use, a guest hypervisor may have configured SVE traps for
a nested context, and so it is necessary to have an ISB between
__deactivate_cptr_traps() and fpsimd_lazy_switch_to_host().

Due to the current lack of an ISB, when a guest hypervisor enables SVE
traps in CPTR, the host can take an unexpected SVE trap from within
fpsimd_lazy_switch_to_host(), e.g.

| Unhandled 64-bit el1h sync exception on CPU1, ESR 0x0000000066000000 -- SVE
| CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 164 Comm: kvm-vcpu-0 Not tainted 6.15.0-rc4-00138-ga05e0f012c05 #3 PREEMPT
| Hardware name: FVP Base RevC (DT)
| pstate: 604023c9 (nZCv DAIF +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)
| pc : __kvm_vcpu_run+0x6f4/0x844
| lr : __kvm_vcpu_run+0x150/0x844
| sp : ffff800083903a60
| x29: ffff800083903a90 x28: ffff000801f4a300 x27: 0000000000000000
| x26: 0000000000000000 x25: ffff000801f90000 x24: ffff000801f900f0
| x23: ffff800081ff7720 x22: 0002433c807d623f x21: ffff000801f90000
| x20: ffff00087f730730 x19: 0000000000000000 x18: 0000000000000000
| x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000000 x15: 0000000000000000
| x14: 0000000000000000 x13: 0000000000000000 x12: 0000000000000000
| x11: 0000000000000000 x10: 0000000000000000 x9 : 0000000000000000
| x8 : 0000000000000000 x7 : 0000000000000000 x6 : ffff000801f90d70
| x5 : 0000000000001000 x4 : ffff8007fd739000 x3 : ffff000801f90000
| x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 00000000000003cc x0 : ffff800082f9d000
| Kernel panic - not syncing: Unhandled exception
| CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 164 Comm: kvm-vcpu-0 Not tainted 6.15.0-rc4-00138-ga05e0f012c05 #3 PREEMPT
| Hardware name: FVP Base RevC (DT)
| Call trace:
|  show_stack+0x18/0x24 (C)
|  dump_stack_lvl+0x60/0x80
|  dump_stack+0x18/0x24
|  panic+0x168/0x360
|  __panic_unhandled+0x68/0x74
|  el1h_64_irq_handler+0x0/0x24
|  el1h_64_sync+0x6c/0x70
|  __kvm_vcpu_run+0x6f4/0x844 (P)
|  kvm_arm_vcpu_enter_exit+0x64/0xa0
|  kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x21c/0x870
|  kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x1a8/0x9d0
|  __arm64_sys_ioctl+0xb4/0xf4
|  invoke_syscall+0x48/0x104
|  el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x40/0xe0
|  do_el0_svc+0x1c/0x28
|  el0_svc+0x30/0xcc
|  el0t_64_sync_handler+0x10c/0x138
|  el0t_64_sync+0x198/0x19c
| SMP: stopping secondary CPUs
| Kernel Offset: disabled
| CPU features: 0x0000,000002c0,02df4fb9,97ee773f
| Memory Limit: none
| ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: Unhandled exception ]---

Fix this by adding an ISB between __deactivate_traps() and
fpsimd_lazy_switch_to_host().

Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Cc: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Cc: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250617133718.4014181-3-mark.rutland@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
2025-06-19 13:06:19 +01:00
Marc Zyngier
8800b7c4bb KVM: arm64: Add RMW specific sysreg accessor
In a number of cases, we perform a Read-Modify-Write operation on
a system register, meaning that we would apply the RESx masks twice.

Instead, provide a new accessor that performs this RMW operation,
allowing the masks to be applied exactly once per operation.

Reviewed-by: Miguel Luis <miguel.luis@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250603070824.1192795-3-maz@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
2025-06-05 14:18:01 +01:00
Marc Zyngier
6678791ee3 KVM: arm64: Add assignment-specific sysreg accessor
Assigning a value to a system register doesn't do what it is
supposed to be doing if that register is one that has RESx bits.

The main problem is that we use __vcpu_sys_reg(), which can be used
both as a lvalue and rvalue. When used as a lvalue, the bit masking
occurs *before* the new value is assigned, meaning that we (1) do
pointless work on the old cvalue, and (2) potentially assign an
invalid value as we fail to apply the masks to it.

Fix this by providing a new __vcpu_assign_sys_reg() that does
what it says on the tin, and sanitises the *new* value instead of
the old one. This comes with a significant amount of churn.

Reviewed-by: Miguel Luis <miguel.luis@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250603070824.1192795-2-maz@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
2025-06-05 14:17:32 +01:00
Marc Zyngier
1b85d923ba Merge branch kvm-arm64/misc-6.16 into kvmarm-master/next
* kvm-arm64/misc-6.16:
  : .
  : Misc changes and improvements for 6.16:
  :
  : - Add a new selftest for the SVE host state being corrupted by a guest
  :
  : - Keep HCR_EL2.xMO set at all times for systems running with the kernel at EL2,
  :   ensuring that the window for interrupts is slightly bigger, and avoiding
  :   a pretty bad erratum on the AmpereOne HW
  :
  : - Replace a couple of open-coded on/off strings with str_on_off()
  :
  : - Get rid of the pKVM memblock sorting, which now appears to be superflous
  :
  : - Drop superflous clearing of ICH_LR_EOI in the LR when nesting
  :
  : - Add workaround for AmpereOne's erratum AC04_CPU_23, which suffers from
  :   a pretty bad case of TLB corruption unless accesses to HCR_EL2 are
  :   heavily synchronised
  :
  : - Add a per-VM, per-ITS debugfs entry to dump the state of the ITS tables
  :   in a human-friendly fashion
  : .
  KVM: arm64: Fix documentation for vgic_its_iter_next()
  KVM: arm64: vgic-its: Add debugfs interface to expose ITS tables
  arm64: errata: Work around AmpereOne's erratum AC04_CPU_23
  KVM: arm64: nv: Remove clearing of ICH_LR<n>.EOI if ICH_LR<n>.HW == 1
  KVM: arm64: Drop sort_memblock_regions()
  KVM: arm64: selftests: Add test for SVE host corruption
  KVM: arm64: Force HCR_EL2.xMO to 1 at all times in VHE mode
  KVM: arm64: Replace ternary flags with str_on_off() helper

Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
2025-05-23 10:59:43 +01:00
D Scott Phillips
fed55f49fa arm64: errata: Work around AmpereOne's erratum AC04_CPU_23
On AmpereOne AC04, updates to HCR_EL2 can rarely corrupt simultaneous
translations for data addresses initiated by load/store instructions.
Only instruction initiated translations are vulnerable, not translations
from prefetches for example. A DSB before the store to HCR_EL2 is
sufficient to prevent older instructions from hitting the window for
corruption, and an ISB after is sufficient to prevent younger
instructions from hitting the window for corruption.

Signed-off-by: D Scott Phillips <scott@os.amperecomputing.com>
Reviewed-by: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250513184514.2678288-1-scott@os.amperecomputing.com
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
2025-05-19 12:46:26 +01:00
Marc Zyngier
4ffa72ad8f KVM: arm64: nv: Add S1 TLB invalidation primitive for VNCR_EL2
A TLBI by VA for S1 must take effect on our pseudo-TLB for VNCR
and potentially knock the fixmap mapping. Even worse, that TLBI
must be able to work cross-vcpu.

For that, we track on a per-VM basis if any VNCR is mapped, using
an atomic counter. Whenever a TLBI S1E2 occurs and that this counter
is non-zero, we take the long road all the way back to the core code.

There, we iterate over all vcpus and check whether this particular
invalidation has any damaging effect. If it does, we nuke the pseudo
TLB and the corresponding fixmap.

Yes, this is costly.

Reviewed-by: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250514103501.2225951-14-maz@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
2025-05-19 08:01:19 +01:00
Marc Zyngier
73e1b621b2 KVM: arm64: nv: Program host's VNCR_EL2 to the fixmap address
Since we now have a way to map the guest's VNCR_EL2 on the host,
we can point the host's VNCR_EL2 to it and go full circle!

Note that we unconditionally assign the fixmap to VNCR_EL2,
irrespective of the guest's version being mapped or not. We want
to take a fault on first access, so the fixmap either contains
something guranteed to be either invalid or a guest mapping.

Reviewed-by: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250514103501.2225951-13-maz@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
2025-05-19 08:01:19 +01:00
Marc Zyngier
bd914a9814 KVM: arm64: nv: Don't adjust PSTATE.M when L2 is nesting
We currently check for HCR_EL2.NV being set to decide whether we
need to repaint PSTATE.M to say EL2 instead of EL1 on exit.

However, this isn't correct when L2 is itself a hypervisor, and
that L1 as set its own HCR_EL2.NV. That's because we "flatten"
the state and inherit parts of the guest's own setup. In that case,
we shouldn't adjust PSTATE.M, as this is really EL1 for both us
and the guest.

Instead of trying to try and work out how we ended-up with HCR_EL2.NV
being set by introspecting both the host and guest states, use
a per-CPU flag to remember the context (HYP or not), and use that
information to decide whether PSTATE needs tweaking.

Reviewed-by: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250514103501.2225951-7-maz@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
2025-05-19 07:59:46 +01:00
Oliver Upton
4f2774c57a Merge branch 'kvm-arm64/writable-midr' into kvmarm/next
* kvm-arm64/writable-midr:
  : Writable implementation ID registers, courtesy of Sebastian Ott
  :
  : Introduce a new capability that allows userspace to set the
  : ID registers that identify a CPU implementation: MIDR_EL1, REVIDR_EL1,
  : and AIDR_EL1. Also plug a hole in KVM's trap configuration where
  : SMIDR_EL1 was readable at EL1, despite the fact that KVM does not
  : support SME.
  KVM: arm64: Fix documentation for KVM_CAP_ARM_WRITABLE_IMP_ID_REGS
  KVM: arm64: Copy MIDR_EL1 into hyp VM when it is writable
  KVM: arm64: Copy guest CTR_EL0 into hyp VM
  KVM: selftests: arm64: Test writes to MIDR,REVIDR,AIDR
  KVM: arm64: Allow userspace to change the implementation ID registers
  KVM: arm64: Load VPIDR_EL2 with the VM's MIDR_EL1 value
  KVM: arm64: Maintain per-VM copy of implementation ID regs
  KVM: arm64: Set HCR_EL2.TID1 unconditionally

Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
2025-03-19 14:54:32 -07:00
Oliver Upton
2c433f70dc KVM: arm64: Compute synthetic sysreg ESR for Apple PMUv3 traps
Apple M* CPUs provide an IMPDEF trap for PMUv3 sysregs, where ESR_EL2.EC
is a reserved value (0x3F) and a sysreg-like ISS is reported in
AFSR1_EL2.

Compute a synthetic ESR for these PMUv3 traps, giving the illusion of
something architectural to the rest of KVM.

Tested-by: Janne Grunau <j@jannau.net>
Reviewed-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250305202641.428114-10-oliver.upton@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
2025-03-11 12:54:29 -07:00
Oliver Upton
d0d81e03e6 KVM: arm64: Load VPIDR_EL2 with the VM's MIDR_EL1 value
Userspace will soon be able to change the value of MIDR_EL1. Prepare by
loading VPIDR_EL2 with the guest value for non-nested VMs.

Since VPIDR_EL2 is set for any VM, get rid of the NV-specific cleanup of
reloading the hardware value on vcpu_put(). And for nVHE, load the
hardware value before switching to the host.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250225005401.679536-4-oliver.upton@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
2025-02-26 01:32:05 -08:00
Mark Rutland
59419f1004 KVM: arm64: Eagerly switch ZCR_EL{1,2}
In non-protected KVM modes, while the guest FPSIMD/SVE/SME state is live on the
CPU, the host's active SVE VL may differ from the guest's maximum SVE VL:

* For VHE hosts, when a VM uses NV, ZCR_EL2 contains a value constrained
  by the guest hypervisor, which may be less than or equal to that
  guest's maximum VL.

  Note: in this case the value of ZCR_EL1 is immaterial due to E2H.

* For nVHE/hVHE hosts, ZCR_EL1 contains a value written by the guest,
  which may be less than or greater than the guest's maximum VL.

  Note: in this case hyp code traps host SVE usage and lazily restores
  ZCR_EL2 to the host's maximum VL, which may be greater than the
  guest's maximum VL.

This can be the case between exiting a guest and kvm_arch_vcpu_put_fp().
If a softirq is taken during this period and the softirq handler tries
to use kernel-mode NEON, then the kernel will fail to save the guest's
FPSIMD/SVE state, and will pend a SIGKILL for the current thread.

This happens because kvm_arch_vcpu_ctxsync_fp() binds the guest's live
FPSIMD/SVE state with the guest's maximum SVE VL, and
fpsimd_save_user_state() verifies that the live SVE VL is as expected
before attempting to save the register state:

| if (WARN_ON(sve_get_vl() != vl)) {
|         force_signal_inject(SIGKILL, SI_KERNEL, 0, 0);
|         return;
| }

Fix this and make this a bit easier to reason about by always eagerly
switching ZCR_EL{1,2} at hyp during guest<->host transitions. With this
happening, there's no need to trap host SVE usage, and the nVHE/nVHE
__deactivate_cptr_traps() logic can be simplified to enable host access
to all present FPSIMD/SVE/SME features.

In protected nVHE/hVHE modes, the host's state is always saved/restored
by hyp, and the guest's state is saved prior to exit to the host, so
from the host's PoV the guest never has live FPSIMD/SVE/SME state, and
the host's ZCR_EL1 is never clobbered by hyp.

Fixes: 8c8010d69c ("KVM: arm64: Save/restore SVE state for nVHE")
Fixes: 2e3cf82063 ("KVM: arm64: nv: Ensure correct VL is loaded before saving SVE state")
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Cc: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Cc: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250210195226.1215254-9-mark.rutland@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
2025-02-13 17:55:06 +00:00
Mark Rutland
9b66195063 KVM: arm64: Refactor exit handlers
The hyp exit handling logic is largely shared between VHE and nVHE/hVHE,
with common logic in arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/include/hyp/switch.h. The code
in the header depends on function definitions provided by
arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/vhe/switch.c and arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/switch.c
when they include the header.

This is an unusual header dependency, and prevents the use of
arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/include/hyp/switch.h in other files as this would
result in compiler warnings regarding missing definitions, e.g.

| In file included from arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/hyp-main.c:8:
| ./arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/include/hyp/switch.h:733:31: warning: 'kvm_get_exit_handler_array' used but never defined
|   733 | static const exit_handler_fn *kvm_get_exit_handler_array(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
|       |                               ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| ./arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/include/hyp/switch.h:735:13: warning: 'early_exit_filter' used but never defined
|   735 | static void early_exit_filter(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u64 *exit_code);
|       |             ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Refactor the logic such that the header doesn't depend on anything from
the C files. There should be no functional change as a result of this
patch.

Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Cc: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Cc: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
Reviewed-by: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250210195226.1215254-7-mark.rutland@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
2025-02-13 17:55:00 +00:00
Mark Rutland
ee14db31a9 KVM: arm64: Refactor CPTR trap deactivation
For historical reasons, the VHE and nVHE/hVHE implementations of
__activate_cptr_traps() pair with a common implementation of
__kvm_reset_cptr_el2(), which ideally would be named
__deactivate_cptr_traps().

Rename __kvm_reset_cptr_el2() to __deactivate_cptr_traps(), and split it
into separate VHE and nVHE/hVHE variants so that each can be paired with
its corresponding implementation of __activate_cptr_traps().

At the same time, fold kvm_write_cptr_el2() into its callers. This
makes it clear in-context whether a write is made to the CPACR_EL1
encoding or the CPTR_EL2 encoding, and removes the possibility of
confusion as to whether kvm_write_cptr_el2() reformats the sysreg fields
as cpacr_clear_set() does.

In the nVHE/hVHE implementation of __activate_cptr_traps(), placing the
sysreg writes within the if-else blocks requires that the call to
__activate_traps_fpsimd32() is moved earlier, but as this was always
called before writing to CPTR_EL2/CPACR_EL1, this should not result in a
functional change.

Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Cc: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Cc: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
Reviewed-by: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250210195226.1215254-6-mark.rutland@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
2025-02-13 17:54:57 +00:00
Mark Rutland
8eca7f6d51 KVM: arm64: Remove host FPSIMD saving for non-protected KVM
Now that the host eagerly saves its own FPSIMD/SVE/SME state,
non-protected KVM never needs to save the host FPSIMD/SVE/SME state,
and the code to do this is never used. Protected KVM still needs to
save/restore the host FPSIMD/SVE state to avoid leaking guest state to
the host (and to avoid revealing to the host whether the guest used
FPSIMD/SVE/SME), and that code needs to be retained.

Remove the unused code and data structures.

To avoid the need for a stub copy of kvm_hyp_save_fpsimd_host() in the
VHE hyp code, the nVHE/hVHE version is moved into the shared switch
header, where it is only invoked when KVM is in protected mode.

Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
Cc: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Cc: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
Reviewed-by: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250210195226.1215254-3-mark.rutland@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
2025-02-13 17:54:44 +00:00
Marc Zyngier
3643b334aa Merge branch kvm-arm64/nv-resx-fixes-6.14 into kvmarm-master/next
* kvm-arm64/nv-resx-fixes-6.14:
  : .
  : Fixes for NV sysreg accessors. From the cover letter:
  :
  : "Joey recently reported that some rather basic tests were failing on
  : NV, and managed to track it down to critical register fields (such as
  : HCR_EL2.E2H) not having their expect value.
  :
  : Further investigation has outlined a couple of critical issues:
  :
  : - Evaluating HCR_EL2.E2H must always be done with a sanitising
  :   accessor, no ifs, no buts. Given that KVM assumes a fixed value for
  :   this bit, we cannot leave it to the guest to mess with.
  :
  : - Resetting the sysreg file must result in the RESx bits taking
  :   effect. Otherwise, we may end-up making the wrong decision (see
  :   above), and we definitely expose invalid values to the guest. Note
  :   that because we compute the RESx masks very late in the VM setup, we
  :   need to apply these masks at that particular point as well.
  : [...]"
  : .
  KVM: arm64: nv: Apply RESx settings to sysreg reset values
  KVM: arm64: nv: Always evaluate HCR_EL2 using sanitising accessors

Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>

# Conflicts:
#	arch/arm64/kvm/nested.c
2025-01-17 11:06:33 +00:00
Marc Zyngier
080612b294 Merge branch kvm-arm64/nv-timers into kvmarm-master/next
* kvm-arm64/nv-timers:
  : .
  : Nested Virt support for the EL2 timers. From the initial cover letter:
  :
  : "Here's another batch of NV-related patches, this time bringing in most
  : of the timer support for EL2 as well as nested guests.
  :
  : The code is pretty convoluted for a bunch of reasons:
  :
  : - FEAT_NV2 breaks the timer semantics by redirecting HW controls to
  :   memory, meaning that a guest could setup a timer and never see it
  :   firing until the next exit
  :
  : - We go try hard to reflect the timer state in memory, but that's not
  :   great.
  :
  : - With FEAT_ECV, we can finally correctly emulate the virtual timer,
  :   but this emulation is pretty costly
  :
  : - As a way to make things suck less, we handle timer reads as early as
  :   possible, and only defer writes to the normal trap handling
  :
  : - Finally, some implementations are badly broken, and require some
  :   hand-holding, irrespective of NV support. So we try and reuse the NV
  :   infrastructure to make them usable. This could be further optimised,
  :   but I'm running out of patience for this sort of HW.
  :
  : [...]"
  : .
  KVM: arm64: nv: Fix doc header layout for timers
  KVM: arm64: nv: Document EL2 timer API
  KVM: arm64: Work around x1e's CNTVOFF_EL2 bogosity
  KVM: arm64: nv: Sanitise CNTHCTL_EL2
  KVM: arm64: nv: Propagate CNTHCTL_EL2.EL1NV{P,V}CT bits
  KVM: arm64: nv: Add trap routing for CNTHCTL_EL2.EL1{NVPCT,NVVCT,TVT,TVCT}
  KVM: arm64: Handle counter access early in non-HYP context
  KVM: arm64: nv: Accelerate EL0 counter accesses from hypervisor context
  KVM: arm64: nv: Accelerate EL0 timer read accesses when FEAT_ECV in use
  KVM: arm64: nv: Use FEAT_ECV to trap access to EL0 timers
  KVM: arm64: nv: Publish emulated timer interrupt state in the in-memory state
  KVM: arm64: nv: Sync nested timer state with FEAT_NV2
  KVM: arm64: nv: Add handling of EL2-specific timer registers

Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
2025-01-17 11:04:53 +00:00
Marc Zyngier
c139b6d1b4 KVM: arm64: nv: Always evaluate HCR_EL2 using sanitising accessors
A lot of the NV code depends on HCR_EL2.{E2H,TGE}, and we assume
in places that at least HCR_EL2.E2H is invariant for a given guest.

However, we make a point in *not* using the sanitising accessor
that would enforce this, and are at the mercy of the guest doing
stupid things. Clearly, that's not good.

Rework the HCR_EL2 accessors to use __vcpu_sys_reg() instead,
guaranteeing that the RESx settings get applied, specially
when HCR_EL2.E2H is evaluated. This results in fewer accessors
overall.

Huge thanks to Joey who spent a long time tracking this bug down.

Reported-by: Joey Gouly <Joey.Gouly@arm.com>
Tested-by: Joey Gouly <joey.gouly@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Joey Gouly <joey.gouly@arm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250112165029.1181056-2-maz@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
2025-01-14 11:27:25 +00:00
Marc Zyngier
e880b16efb Merge branch kvm-arm64/pkvm-fixed-features-6.14 into kvmarm-master/next
* kvm-arm64/pkvm-fixed-features-6.14: (24 commits)
  : .
  : Complete rework of the pKVM handling of features, catching up
  : with the rest of the code deals with it these days.
  : Patches courtesy of Fuad Tabba. From the cover letter:
  :
  : "This patch series uses the vm's feature id registers to track the
  : supported features, a framework similar to nested virt to set the
  : trap values, and removes the need to store cptr_el2 per vcpu in
  : favor of setting its value when traps are activated, as VHE mode
  : does."
  :
  : This branch drags the arm64/for-next/cpufeature branch to solve
  : ugly conflicts in -next.
  : .
  KVM: arm64: Fix FEAT_MTE in pKVM
  KVM: arm64: Use kvm_vcpu_has_feature() directly for struct kvm
  KVM: arm64: Convert the SVE guest vcpu flag to a vm flag
  KVM: arm64: Remove PtrAuth guest vcpu flag
  KVM: arm64: Fix the value of the CPTR_EL2 RES1 bitmask for nVHE
  KVM: arm64: Refactor kvm_reset_cptr_el2()
  KVM: arm64: Calculate cptr_el2 traps on activating traps
  KVM: arm64: Remove redundant setting of HCR_EL2 trap bit
  KVM: arm64: Remove fixed_config.h header
  KVM: arm64: Rework specifying restricted features for protected VMs
  KVM: arm64: Set protected VM traps based on its view of feature registers
  KVM: arm64: Fix RAS trapping in pKVM for protected VMs
  KVM: arm64: Initialize feature id registers for protected VMs
  KVM: arm64: Use KVM extension checks for allowed protected VM capabilities
  KVM: arm64: Remove KVM_ARM_VCPU_POWER_OFF from protected VMs allowed features in pKVM
  KVM: arm64: Move checking protected vcpu features to a separate function
  KVM: arm64: Group setting traps for protected VMs by control register
  KVM: arm64: Consolidate allowed and restricted VM feature checks
  arm64/sysreg: Get rid of CPACR_ELx SysregFields
  arm64/sysreg: Convert *_EL12 accessors to Mapping
  ...

Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>

# Conflicts:
#	arch/arm64/kvm/fpsimd.c
#	arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/pkvm.c
2025-01-12 10:40:10 +00:00