diff --git a/fs/nfs/localio.c b/fs/nfs/localio.c
index e55c5977fcc3..d3e480888eb1 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/localio.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/localio.c
@@ -699,6 +699,29 @@ static void nfs_local_call_read(struct work_struct *work)
 	}
 }
 
+/*
+ * Decide whether LOCALIO must defer submission to the dedicated
+ * !WQ_MEM_RECLAIM nfslocaliod_workqueue rather than issue the IO inline.
+ *
+ * LOCALIO issues IO directly into a stacked local filesystem (e.g. XFS),
+ * which may in turn flush its own !WQ_MEM_RECLAIM workqueue.  Doing so from a
+ * memory-reclaim context -- either a WQ_MEM_RECLAIM worker (most importantly
+ * writeback's wb_workfn running on bdi_wq) or an explicit reclaim task
+ * (PF_MEMALLOC) -- would trip check_flush_dependency() and risks a
+ * forward-progress deadlock; see commit b9f5dd57f4a5 ("nfs/localio: use
+ * dedicated workqueues for filesystem read and write").  In that case defer
+ * to nfslocaliod_workqueue.
+ *
+ * Otherwise (ordinary application/task context, e.g. O_DIRECT or fsync-driven
+ * submission) issue the IO inline: this preserves the NFS client's inherent
+ * application-context parallelism and avoids the per-IO workqueue hop.
+ */
+static inline bool nfs_local_defer_io(void)
+{
+	return (current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC) ||
+		current_is_workqueue_mem_reclaim();
+}
+
 static void nfs_local_do_read(struct nfs_local_kiocb *iocb,
 			      const struct rpc_call_ops *call_ops)
 {
@@ -711,7 +734,10 @@ static void nfs_local_do_read(struct nfs_local_kiocb *iocb,
 	hdr->res.eof = false;
 
 	INIT_WORK(&iocb->work, nfs_local_call_read);
-	queue_work(nfslocaliod_workqueue, &iocb->work);
+	if (nfs_local_defer_io())
+		queue_work(nfslocaliod_workqueue, &iocb->work);
+	else
+		nfs_local_call_read(&iocb->work);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -929,7 +955,10 @@ static void nfs_local_do_write(struct nfs_local_kiocb *iocb,
 	nfs_set_local_verifier(hdr->inode, hdr->res.verf, hdr->args.stable);
 
 	INIT_WORK(&iocb->work, nfs_local_call_write);
-	queue_work(nfslocaliod_workqueue, &iocb->work);
+	if (nfs_local_defer_io())
+		queue_work(nfslocaliod_workqueue, &iocb->work);
+	else
+		nfs_local_call_write(&iocb->work);
 }
 
 static struct nfs_local_kiocb *
diff --git a/include/linux/workqueue.h b/include/linux/workqueue.h
index a283766a192a..c8a36423cb34 100644
--- a/include/linux/workqueue.h
+++ b/include/linux/workqueue.h
@@ -661,6 +661,7 @@ extern void workqueue_set_min_active(struct workqueue_struct *wq,
 				     int min_active);
 extern struct work_struct *current_work(void);
 extern bool current_is_workqueue_rescuer(void);
+extern bool current_is_workqueue_mem_reclaim(void);
 extern bool workqueue_congested(int cpu, struct workqueue_struct *wq);
 extern unsigned int work_busy(struct work_struct *work);
 extern __printf(1, 2) void set_worker_desc(const char *fmt, ...);
diff --git a/kernel/workqueue.c b/kernel/workqueue.c
index 78068ae8f28a..7bb41bec621f 100644
--- a/kernel/workqueue.c
+++ b/kernel/workqueue.c
@@ -6215,6 +6215,30 @@ bool current_is_workqueue_rescuer(void)
 	return worker && worker->rescue_wq;
 }
 
+/**
+ * current_is_workqueue_mem_reclaim - is %current a %WQ_MEM_RECLAIM worker?
+ *
+ * Determine whether %current is a workqueue worker executing on a workqueue
+ * created with %WQ_MEM_RECLAIM.  This mirrors the condition that
+ * check_flush_dependency() warns on: flushing (or otherwise waiting on) a
+ * !WQ_MEM_RECLAIM workqueue from such a context breaks the forward-progress
+ * guarantee and can deadlock.  Callers that may recurse into such a flush --
+ * e.g. NFS LOCALIO submitting into a stacked filesystem that flushes its own
+ * !WQ_MEM_RECLAIM workqueue -- can use this to decide whether they must defer
+ * the work to a !WQ_MEM_RECLAIM workqueue rather than run it inline.
+ *
+ * Return: %true if %current is a %WQ_MEM_RECLAIM worker.  %false otherwise.
+ */
+bool current_is_workqueue_mem_reclaim(void)
+{
+	struct worker *worker = current_wq_worker();
+
+	return worker &&
+		((worker->current_pwq->wq->flags &
+		  (WQ_MEM_RECLAIM | __WQ_LEGACY)) == WQ_MEM_RECLAIM);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(current_is_workqueue_mem_reclaim);
+
 /**
  * workqueue_congested - test whether a workqueue is congested
  * @cpu: CPU in question