From 5271b79b7ad68dcb222e893773f92bdabf7750f3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Cen Zhang (Microsoft Security FORGE Labs)" Date: Thu, 27 Aug 2026 19:55:10 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 1/2] tcp: fix use-after-free in do_tcp_getsockopt(TCP_CONGESTION) do_tcp_getsockopt() reads icsk->icsk_ca_ops->name without holding rcu_read_lock(). Since commit 0baf26b0fcd7 ("bpf: tcp: Support tcp_congestion_ops in bpf"), icsk_ca_ops can point to dynamically allocated BPF struct_ops memory that may be freed concurrently via setsockopt(TCP_CONGESTION), leading to a use-after-free. BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in _copy_to_user+0x37/0x60 Read of size 16 at addr ffff888013505260 by task exploit/149 _copy_to_user+0x37/0x60 do_tcp_getsockopt+0x158a/0x2460 (net/ipv4/tcp.c:4585) tcp_getsockopt+0x91/0xf0 __sys_getsockopt+0xf7/0x170 Fix this by holding rcu_read_lock() around the ca_ops->name access, using READ_ONCE() to load icsk_ca_ops, and copying the name to a stack buffer before releasing the lock. Also annotate the relevant icsk_ca_ops stores with WRITE_ONCE() to fix the accompanying KCSAN data-race issue. Fixes: 0baf26b0fcd7 ("bpf: tcp: Support tcp_congestion_ops in bpf") Suggested-by: Eric Dumazet Reported-by: Xiang Mei (Microsoft) Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260821182449.79785-2-blbllhy@gmail.com/ Cc: AutonomousCodeSecurity@microsoft.com Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Reviewed-by: Eric Dumazet Signed-off-by: Cen Zhang (Microsoft Security FORGE Labs) Reviewed-by: Jiayuan Chen Reviewed-by: Matthieu Baerts (NGI0) Reviewed-by: Breno Leitao Link: https://patch.msgid.link/d3f97f1acbf0010898148be6e6406e4b8b4a5c84.1787870710.git.blbllhy@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski --- net/ipv4/tcp.c | 14 +++++++++++--- net/ipv4/tcp_cong.c | 4 ++-- net/ipv4/tcp_dctcp.c | 2 +- net/ipv4/tcp_minisocks.c | 2 +- net/ipv4/tcp_output.c | 2 +- 5 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp.c b/net/ipv4/tcp.c index 93d723d8c109..740999c9efff 100644 --- a/net/ipv4/tcp.c +++ b/net/ipv4/tcp.c @@ -4576,16 +4576,24 @@ int do_tcp_getsockopt(struct sock *sk, int level, val = !inet_csk_in_pingpong_mode(sk); break; - case TCP_CONGESTION: + case TCP_CONGESTION: { + char ca_name[TCP_CA_NAME_MAX] = {}; + if (copy_from_sockptr(&len, optlen, sizeof(int))) return -EFAULT; len = min_t(unsigned int, len, TCP_CA_NAME_MAX); if (copy_to_sockptr(optlen, &len, sizeof(int))) return -EFAULT; - if (copy_to_sockptr(optval, icsk->icsk_ca_ops->name, len)) + + rcu_read_lock(); + memcpy(ca_name, READ_ONCE(icsk->icsk_ca_ops)->name, + sizeof(ca_name)); + rcu_read_unlock(); + + if (copy_to_sockptr(optval, ca_name, len)) return -EFAULT; return 0; - + } case TCP_ULP: if (copy_from_sockptr(&len, optlen, sizeof(int))) return -EFAULT; diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_cong.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_cong.c index e9f6c77e0631..8e83ef81fc18 100644 --- a/net/ipv4/tcp_cong.c +++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_cong.c @@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ void tcp_assign_congestion_control(struct sock *sk) ca = rcu_dereference(net->ipv4.tcp_congestion_control); if (unlikely(!bpf_try_module_get(ca, ca->owner))) ca = &tcp_reno; - icsk->icsk_ca_ops = ca; + WRITE_ONCE(icsk->icsk_ca_ops, ca); rcu_read_unlock(); memset(icsk->icsk_ca_priv, 0, sizeof(icsk->icsk_ca_priv)); @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ static void tcp_reinit_congestion_control(struct sock *sk, struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk); tcp_cleanup_congestion_control(sk); - icsk->icsk_ca_ops = ca; + WRITE_ONCE(icsk->icsk_ca_ops, ca); icsk->icsk_ca_setsockopt = 1; memset(icsk->icsk_ca_priv, 0, sizeof(icsk->icsk_ca_priv)); diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_dctcp.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_dctcp.c index 274e628e7cf8..99f68c2992d0 100644 --- a/net/ipv4/tcp_dctcp.c +++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_dctcp.c @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ __bpf_kfunc static void dctcp_init(struct sock *sk) /* No ECN support? Fall back to Reno. Also need to clear * ECT from sk since it is set during 3WHS for DCTCP. */ - inet_csk(sk)->icsk_ca_ops = &dctcp_reno; + WRITE_ONCE(inet_csk(sk)->icsk_ca_ops, &dctcp_reno); INET_ECN_dontxmit(sk); } diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_minisocks.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_minisocks.c index f3fa0b18eda0..0ddfd5af6e58 100644 --- a/net/ipv4/tcp_minisocks.c +++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_minisocks.c @@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ void tcp_ca_openreq_child(struct sock *sk, const struct dst_entry *dst) ca = tcp_ca_find_key(ca_key); if (likely(ca && bpf_try_module_get(ca, ca->owner))) { icsk->icsk_ca_dst_locked = tcp_ca_dst_locked(dst); - icsk->icsk_ca_ops = ca; + WRITE_ONCE(icsk->icsk_ca_ops, ca); ca_got_dst = true; } rcu_read_unlock(); diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_output.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_output.c index c5ffffee4349..d960e3de7d50 100644 --- a/net/ipv4/tcp_output.c +++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_output.c @@ -4092,7 +4092,7 @@ static void tcp_ca_dst_init(struct sock *sk, const struct dst_entry *dst) if (likely(ca && bpf_try_module_get(ca, ca->owner))) { bpf_module_put(icsk->icsk_ca_ops, icsk->icsk_ca_ops->owner); icsk->icsk_ca_dst_locked = tcp_ca_dst_locked(dst); - icsk->icsk_ca_ops = ca; + WRITE_ONCE(icsk->icsk_ca_ops, ca); } rcu_read_unlock(); } From 385e474086c2e7e29e2dded690be40dc273e20ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Cen Zhang (Microsoft Security FORGE Labs)" Date: Thu, 27 Aug 2026 19:55:11 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 2/2] tcp: fix use-after-free in do_tcp_getsockopt(TCP_CC_INFO) do_tcp_getsockopt() reads icsk->icsk_ca_ops and dereferences the get_info function pointer without rcu_read_lock(). With BPF struct_ops congestion control, ca_ops can point to dynamically allocated memory that is freed concurrently, resulting in a use-after-free when the kernel dereferences or calls through the stale pointer. BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in do_tcp_getsockopt+0x2037/0x23e0 Read of size 8 at addr ffff888013701258 by task exploit/149 do_tcp_getsockopt+0x2037/0x23e0 (net/ipv4/tcp.c:4564) tcp_getsockopt+0x91/0xf0 __sys_getsockopt+0xf7/0x170 Fix this by wrapping the ca_ops load and get_info call within rcu_read_lock()/rcu_read_unlock(), and using READ_ONCE() to load the icsk_ca_ops pointer. Fixes: 0baf26b0fcd7 ("bpf: tcp: Support tcp_congestion_ops in bpf") Suggested-by: Eric Dumazet Cc: AutonomousCodeSecurity@microsoft.com Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Reviewed-by: Eric Dumazet Signed-off-by: Cen Zhang (Microsoft Security FORGE Labs) Reviewed-by: Jiayuan Chen Reviewed-by: Matthieu Baerts (NGI0) Link: https://patch.msgid.link/65fd3816ed5d541d9edd4bf4fcf97104a2cf907a.1787870710.git.blbllhy@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski --- net/ipv4/tcp.c | 4 +++- net/ipv4/tcp_dctcp.c | 2 +- 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp.c b/net/ipv4/tcp.c index 740999c9efff..1c867a302444 100644 --- a/net/ipv4/tcp.c +++ b/net/ipv4/tcp.c @@ -4561,9 +4561,11 @@ int do_tcp_getsockopt(struct sock *sk, int level, if (copy_from_sockptr(&len, optlen, sizeof(int))) return -EFAULT; - ca_ops = icsk->icsk_ca_ops; + rcu_read_lock(); + ca_ops = READ_ONCE(icsk->icsk_ca_ops); if (ca_ops && ca_ops->get_info) sz = ca_ops->get_info(sk, ~0U, &attr, &info); + rcu_read_unlock(); len = min_t(unsigned int, len, sz); if (copy_to_sockptr(optlen, &len, sizeof(int))) diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_dctcp.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_dctcp.c index 99f68c2992d0..5b457f68a581 100644 --- a/net/ipv4/tcp_dctcp.c +++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_dctcp.c @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ static size_t dctcp_get_info(struct sock *sk, u32 ext, int *attr, if (ext & (1 << (INET_DIAG_DCTCPINFO - 1)) || ext & (1 << (INET_DIAG_VEGASINFO - 1))) { memset(&info->dctcp, 0, sizeof(info->dctcp)); - if (inet_csk(sk)->icsk_ca_ops != &dctcp_reno) { + if (READ_ONCE(inet_csk(sk)->icsk_ca_ops) != &dctcp_reno) { info->dctcp.dctcp_enabled = 1; info->dctcp.dctcp_ce_state = (u16) ca->ce_state; info->dctcp.dctcp_alpha = ca->dctcp_alpha;