verification/rvgen: Add support for linear temporal logic

Add support for generating RV monitors from linear temporal logic, similar
to the generation of deterministic automaton monitors.

Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Gabriele Monaco <gmonaco@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/f3c63b363ff9c5af3302ba2b5d92a26a98700eaf.1751634289.git.namcao@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Nam Cao <namcao@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
This commit is contained in:
Nam Cao 2025-07-04 15:20:06 +02:00 committed by Steven Rostedt (Google)
parent cce86e03a2
commit 97ffa4ce6a
7 changed files with 915 additions and 1 deletions

3
tools/verification/rvgen/.gitignore vendored Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
__pycache__/
parser.out
parsetab.py

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@ -21,5 +21,7 @@ install:
$(INSTALL) rvgen/dot2k.py -D -m 644 $(DESTDIR)$(PYLIB)/rvgen/dot2k.py $(INSTALL) rvgen/dot2k.py -D -m 644 $(DESTDIR)$(PYLIB)/rvgen/dot2k.py
$(INSTALL) rvgen/container.py -D -m 644 $(DESTDIR)$(PYLIB)/rvgen/container.py $(INSTALL) rvgen/container.py -D -m 644 $(DESTDIR)$(PYLIB)/rvgen/container.py
$(INSTALL) rvgen/generator.py -D -m 644 $(DESTDIR)$(PYLIB)/rvgen/generator.py $(INSTALL) rvgen/generator.py -D -m 644 $(DESTDIR)$(PYLIB)/rvgen/generator.py
$(INSTALL) rvgen/ltl2ba.py -D -m 644 $(DESTDIR)$(PYLIB)/rvgen/ltl2ba.py
$(INSTALL) rvgen/ltl2k.py -D -m 644 $(DESTDIR)$(PYLIB)/rvgen/ltl2k.py
$(INSTALL) __main__.py -D -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/rvgen $(INSTALL) __main__.py -D -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/rvgen
cp -rp rvgen/templates $(DESTDIR)$(PYLIB)/rvgen/ cp -rp rvgen/templates $(DESTDIR)$(PYLIB)/rvgen/

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@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
from rvgen.dot2k import dot2k from rvgen.dot2k import dot2k
from rvgen.generator import Monitor from rvgen.generator import Monitor
from rvgen.container import Container from rvgen.container import Container
from rvgen.ltl2k import ltl2k
import argparse import argparse
import sys import sys
@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
if params.monitor_class == "da": if params.monitor_class == "da":
monitor = dot2k(params.spec, params.monitor_type, vars(params)) monitor = dot2k(params.spec, params.monitor_type, vars(params))
elif params.monitor_class == "ltl": elif params.monitor_class == "ltl":
raise NotImplementedError monitor = ltl2k(params.spec, params.monitor_type, vars(params))
else: else:
print("Unknown monitor class:", params.monitor_class) print("Unknown monitor class:", params.monitor_class)
sys.exit(1) sys.exit(1)

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@ -0,0 +1,540 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
#
# Implementation based on
# Gerth, R., Peled, D., Vardi, M.Y., Wolper, P. (1996).
# Simple On-the-fly Automatic Verification of Linear Temporal Logic.
# https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34892-6_1
# With extra optimizations
from ply.lex import lex
from ply.yacc import yacc
# Grammar:
# ltl ::= opd | ( ltl ) | ltl binop ltl | unop ltl
#
# Operands (opd):
# true, false, user-defined names
#
# Unary Operators (unop):
# always
# eventually
# not
#
# Binary Operators (binop):
# until
# and
# or
# imply
# equivalent
tokens = (
'AND',
'OR',
'IMPLY',
'UNTIL',
'ALWAYS',
'EVENTUALLY',
'VARIABLE',
'LITERAL',
'NOT',
'LPAREN',
'RPAREN',
'ASSIGN',
)
t_AND = r'and'
t_OR = r'or'
t_IMPLY = r'imply'
t_UNTIL = r'until'
t_ALWAYS = r'always'
t_EVENTUALLY = r'eventually'
t_VARIABLE = r'[A-Z_0-9]+'
t_LITERAL = r'true|false'
t_NOT = r'not'
t_LPAREN = r'\('
t_RPAREN = r'\)'
t_ASSIGN = r'='
t_ignore_COMMENT = r'\#.*'
t_ignore = ' \t\n'
def t_error(t):
raise ValueError(f"Illegal character '{t.value[0]}'")
lexer = lex()
class GraphNode:
uid = 0
def __init__(self, incoming: set['GraphNode'], new, old, _next):
self.init = False
self.outgoing = set()
self.labels = set()
self.incoming = incoming.copy()
self.new = new.copy()
self.old = old.copy()
self.next = _next.copy()
self.id = GraphNode.uid
GraphNode.uid += 1
def expand(self, node_set):
if not self.new:
for nd in node_set:
if nd.old == self.old and nd.next == self.next:
nd.incoming |= self.incoming
return node_set
new_current_node = GraphNode({self}, self.next, set(), set())
return new_current_node.expand({self} | node_set)
n = self.new.pop()
return n.expand(self, node_set)
def __lt__(self, other):
return self.id < other.id
class ASTNode:
uid = 1
def __init__(self, op):
self.op = op
self.id = ASTNode.uid
ASTNode.uid += 1
def __hash__(self):
return hash(self.op)
def __eq__(self, other):
return self is other
def __iter__(self):
yield self
yield from self.op
def negate(self):
self.op = self.op.negate()
return self
def expand(self, node, node_set):
return self.op.expand(self, node, node_set)
def __str__(self):
if isinstance(self.op, Literal):
return str(self.op.value)
if isinstance(self.op, Variable):
return self.op.name.lower()
return "val" + str(self.id)
def normalize(self):
# Get rid of:
# - ALWAYS
# - EVENTUALLY
# - IMPLY
# And move all the NOT to be inside
self.op = self.op.normalize()
return self
class BinaryOp:
op_str = "not_supported"
def __init__(self, left: ASTNode, right: ASTNode):
self.left = left
self.right = right
def __hash__(self):
return hash((self.left, self.right))
def __iter__(self):
yield from self.left
yield from self.right
def normalize(self):
raise NotImplementedError
def negate(self):
raise NotImplementedError
def _is_temporal(self):
raise NotImplementedError
def is_temporal(self):
if self.left.op.is_temporal():
return True
if self.right.op.is_temporal():
return True
return self._is_temporal()
@staticmethod
def expand(n: ASTNode, node: GraphNode, node_set) -> set[GraphNode]:
raise NotImplementedError
class AndOp(BinaryOp):
op_str = '&&'
def normalize(self):
return self
def negate(self):
return OrOp(self.left.negate(), self.right.negate())
def _is_temporal(self):
return False
@staticmethod
def expand(n: ASTNode, node: GraphNode, node_set) -> set[GraphNode]:
if not n.op.is_temporal():
node.old.add(n)
return node.expand(node_set)
tmp = GraphNode(node.incoming,
node.new | ({n.op.left, n.op.right} - node.old),
node.old | {n},
node.next)
return tmp.expand(node_set)
class OrOp(BinaryOp):
op_str = '||'
def normalize(self):
return self
def negate(self):
return AndOp(self.left.negate(), self.right.negate())
def _is_temporal(self):
return False
@staticmethod
def expand(n: ASTNode, node: GraphNode, node_set) -> set[GraphNode]:
if not n.op.is_temporal():
node.old |= {n}
return node.expand(node_set)
node1 = GraphNode(node.incoming,
node.new | ({n.op.left} - node.old),
node.old | {n},
node.next)
node2 = GraphNode(node.incoming,
node.new | ({n.op.right} - node.old),
node.old | {n},
node.next)
return node2.expand(node1.expand(node_set))
class UntilOp(BinaryOp):
def normalize(self):
return self
def negate(self):
return VOp(self.left.negate(), self.right.negate())
def _is_temporal(self):
return True
@staticmethod
def expand(n: ASTNode, node: GraphNode, node_set) -> set[GraphNode]:
node1 = GraphNode(node.incoming,
node.new | ({n.op.left} - node.old),
node.old | {n},
node.next | {n})
node2 = GraphNode(node.incoming,
node.new | ({n.op.right} - node.old),
node.old | {n},
node.next)
return node2.expand(node1.expand(node_set))
class VOp(BinaryOp):
def normalize(self):
return self
def negate(self):
return UntilOp(self.left.negate(), self.right.negate())
def _is_temporal(self):
return True
@staticmethod
def expand(n: ASTNode, node: GraphNode, node_set) -> set[GraphNode]:
node1 = GraphNode(node.incoming,
node.new | ({n.op.right} - node.old),
node.old | {n},
node.next | {n})
node2 = GraphNode(node.incoming,
node.new | ({n.op.left, n.op.right} - node.old),
node.old | {n},
node.next)
return node2.expand(node1.expand(node_set))
class ImplyOp(BinaryOp):
def normalize(self):
# P -> Q === !P | Q
return OrOp(self.left.negate(), self.right)
def _is_temporal(self):
return False
def negate(self):
# !(P -> Q) === !(!P | Q) === P & !Q
return AndOp(self.left, self.right.negate())
class UnaryOp:
def __init__(self, child: ASTNode):
self.child = child
def __iter__(self):
yield from self.child
def __hash__(self):
return hash(self.child)
def normalize(self):
raise NotImplementedError
def _is_temporal(self):
raise NotImplementedError
def is_temporal(self):
if self.child.op.is_temporal():
return True
return self._is_temporal()
def negate(self):
raise NotImplementedError
class EventuallyOp(UnaryOp):
def __str__(self):
return "eventually " + str(self.child)
def normalize(self):
# <>F == true U F
return UntilOp(ASTNode(Literal(True)), self.child)
def _is_temporal(self):
return True
def negate(self):
# !<>F == [](!F)
return AlwaysOp(self.child.negate()).normalize()
class AlwaysOp(UnaryOp):
def normalize(self):
# []F === !(true U !F) == false V F
new = ASTNode(Literal(False))
return VOp(new, self.child)
def _is_temporal(self):
return True
def negate(self):
# ![]F == <>(!F)
return EventuallyOp(self.child.negate()).normalize()
class NotOp(UnaryOp):
def __str__(self):
return "!" + str(self.child)
def normalize(self):
return self.child.op.negate()
def negate(self):
return self.child.op
def _is_temporal(self):
return False
@staticmethod
def expand(n: ASTNode, node: GraphNode, node_set) -> set[GraphNode]:
for f in node.old:
if n.op.child is f:
return node_set
node.old |= {n}
return node.expand(node_set)
class Variable:
def __init__(self, name: str):
self.name = name
def __hash__(self):
return hash(self.name)
def __iter__(self):
yield from ()
def negate(self):
new = ASTNode(self)
return NotOp(new)
def normalize(self):
return self
def is_temporal(self):
return False
@staticmethod
def expand(n: ASTNode, node: GraphNode, node_set) -> set[GraphNode]:
for f in node.old:
if isinstance(f, NotOp) and f.op.child is n:
return node_set
node.old |= {n}
return node.expand(node_set)
class Literal:
def __init__(self, value: bool):
self.value = value
def __iter__(self):
yield from ()
def __hash__(self):
return hash(self.value)
def __str__(self):
if self.value:
return "true"
return "false"
def negate(self):
self.value = not self.value
return self
def normalize(self):
return self
def is_temporal(self):
return False
@staticmethod
def expand(n: ASTNode, node: GraphNode, node_set) -> set[GraphNode]:
if not n.op.value:
return node_set
node.old |= {n}
return node.expand(node_set)
def p_spec(p):
'''
spec : assign
| assign spec
'''
if len(p) == 3:
p[2].append(p[1])
p[0] = p[2]
else:
p[0] = [p[1]]
def p_assign(p):
'''
assign : VARIABLE ASSIGN ltl
'''
p[0] = (p[1], p[3])
def p_ltl(p):
'''
ltl : opd
| binop
| unop
'''
p[0] = p[1]
def p_opd(p):
'''
opd : VARIABLE
| LITERAL
| LPAREN ltl RPAREN
'''
if p[1] == "true":
p[0] = ASTNode(Literal(True))
elif p[1] == "false":
p[0] = ASTNode(Literal(False))
elif p[1] == '(':
p[0] = p[2]
else:
p[0] = ASTNode(Variable(p[1]))
def p_unop(p):
'''
unop : ALWAYS ltl
| EVENTUALLY ltl
| NOT ltl
'''
if p[1] == "always":
op = AlwaysOp(p[2])
elif p[1] == "eventually":
op = EventuallyOp(p[2])
elif p[1] == "not":
op = NotOp(p[2])
else:
raise ValueError(f"Invalid unary operator {p[1]}")
p[0] = ASTNode(op)
def p_binop(p):
'''
binop : opd UNTIL ltl
| opd AND ltl
| opd OR ltl
| opd IMPLY ltl
'''
if p[2] == "and":
op = AndOp(p[1], p[3])
elif p[2] == "until":
op = UntilOp(p[1], p[3])
elif p[2] == "or":
op = OrOp(p[1], p[3])
elif p[2] == "imply":
op = ImplyOp(p[1], p[3])
else:
raise ValueError(f"Invalid binary operator {p[2]}")
p[0] = ASTNode(op)
parser = yacc()
def parse_ltl(s: str) -> ASTNode:
spec = parser.parse(s)
rule = None
subexpr = {}
for assign in spec:
if assign[0] == "RULE":
rule = assign[1]
else:
subexpr[assign[0]] = assign[1]
if rule is None:
raise ValueError("Please define your specification in the \"RULE = <LTL spec>\" format")
for node in rule:
if not isinstance(node.op, Variable):
continue
replace = subexpr.get(node.op.name)
if replace is not None:
node.op = replace.op
return rule
def create_graph(s: str):
atoms = set()
ltl = parse_ltl(s)
for c in ltl:
c.normalize()
if isinstance(c.op, Variable):
atoms.add(c.op.name)
init = GraphNode(set(), set(), set(), set())
head = GraphNode({init}, {ltl}, set(), set())
graph = sorted(head.expand(set()))
for i, node in enumerate(graph):
# The id assignment during graph generation has gaps. Reassign them
node.id = i
for incoming in node.incoming:
if incoming is init:
node.init = True
else:
incoming.outgoing.add(node)
for o in node.old:
if not o.op.is_temporal():
node.labels.add(str(o))
return sorted(atoms), graph, ltl

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@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
from pathlib import Path
from . import generator
from . import ltl2ba
COLUMN_LIMIT = 100
def line_len(line: str) -> int:
tabs = line.count('\t')
return tabs * 7 + len(line)
def break_long_line(line: str, indent='') -> list[str]:
result = []
while line_len(line) > COLUMN_LIMIT:
i = line[:COLUMN_LIMIT - line_len(line)].rfind(' ')
result.append(line[:i])
line = indent + line[i + 1:]
if line:
result.append(line)
return result
def build_condition_string(node: ltl2ba.GraphNode):
if not node.labels:
return "(true)"
result = "("
first = True
for label in sorted(node.labels):
if not first:
result += " && "
result += label
first = False
result += ")"
return result
def abbreviate_atoms(atoms: list[str]) -> list[str]:
def shorten(s: str) -> str:
skip = ["is", "by", "or", "and"]
return '_'.join([x[:2] for x in s.lower().split('_') if x not in skip])
abbrs = []
for atom in atoms:
for i in range(len(atom), -1, -1):
if sum(a.startswith(atom[:i]) for a in atoms) > 1:
break
share = atom[:i]
unique = atom[i:]
abbrs.append((shorten(share) + shorten(unique)))
return abbrs
class ltl2k(generator.Monitor):
template_dir = "ltl2k"
def __init__(self, file_path, MonitorType, extra_params={}):
if MonitorType != "per_task":
raise NotImplementedError("Only per_task monitor is supported for LTL")
super().__init__(extra_params)
with open(file_path) as f:
self.atoms, self.ba, self.ltl = ltl2ba.create_graph(f.read())
self.atoms_abbr = abbreviate_atoms(self.atoms)
self.name = extra_params.get("model_name")
if not self.name:
self.name = Path(file_path).stem
def _fill_states(self) -> str:
buf = [
"enum ltl_buchi_state {",
]
for node in self.ba:
buf.append("\tS%i," % node.id)
buf.append("\tRV_NUM_BA_STATES")
buf.append("};")
buf.append("static_assert(RV_NUM_BA_STATES <= RV_MAX_BA_STATES);")
return buf
def _fill_atoms(self):
buf = ["enum ltl_atom {"]
for a in sorted(self.atoms):
buf.append("\tLTL_%s," % a)
buf.append("\tLTL_NUM_ATOM")
buf.append("};")
buf.append("static_assert(LTL_NUM_ATOM <= RV_MAX_LTL_ATOM);")
return buf
def _fill_atoms_to_string(self):
buf = [
"static const char *ltl_atom_str(enum ltl_atom atom)",
"{",
"\tstatic const char *const names[] = {"
]
for name in self.atoms_abbr:
buf.append("\t\t\"%s\"," % name)
buf.extend([
"\t};",
"",
"\treturn names[atom];",
"}"
])
return buf
def _fill_atom_values(self):
buf = []
for node in self.ltl:
if node.op.is_temporal():
continue
if isinstance(node.op, ltl2ba.Variable):
buf.append("\tbool %s = test_bit(LTL_%s, mon->atoms);" % (node, node.op.name))
elif isinstance(node.op, ltl2ba.AndOp):
buf.append("\tbool %s = %s && %s;" % (node, node.op.left, node.op.right))
elif isinstance(node.op, ltl2ba.OrOp):
buf.append("\tbool %s = %s || %s;" % (node, node.op.left, node.op.right))
elif isinstance(node.op, ltl2ba.NotOp):
buf.append("\tbool %s = !%s;" % (node, node.op.child))
buf.reverse()
buf2 = []
for line in buf:
buf2.extend(break_long_line(line, "\t "))
return buf2
def _fill_transitions(self):
buf = [
"static void",
"ltl_possible_next_states(struct ltl_monitor *mon, unsigned int state, unsigned long *next)",
"{"
]
buf.extend(self._fill_atom_values())
buf.extend([
"",
"\tswitch (state) {"
])
for node in self.ba:
buf.append("\tcase S%i:" % node.id)
for o in sorted(node.outgoing):
line = "\t\tif "
indent = "\t\t "
line += build_condition_string(o)
lines = break_long_line(line, indent)
buf.extend(lines)
buf.append("\t\t\t__set_bit(S%i, next);" % o.id)
buf.append("\t\tbreak;")
buf.extend([
"\t}",
"}"
])
return buf
def _fill_start(self):
buf = [
"static void ltl_start(struct task_struct *task, struct ltl_monitor *mon)",
"{"
]
buf.extend(self._fill_atom_values())
buf.append("")
for node in self.ba:
if not node.init:
continue
line = "\tif "
indent = "\t "
line += build_condition_string(node)
lines = break_long_line(line, indent)
buf.extend(lines)
buf.append("\t\t__set_bit(S%i, mon->states);" % node.id)
buf.append("}")
return buf
def fill_tracepoint_handlers_skel(self):
buff = []
buff.append("static void handle_example_event(void *data, /* XXX: fill header */)")
buff.append("{")
buff.append("\tltl_atom_update(task, LTL_%s, true/false);" % self.atoms[0])
buff.append("}")
buff.append("")
return '\n'.join(buff)
def fill_tracepoint_attach_probe(self):
return "\trv_attach_trace_probe(\"%s\", /* XXX: tracepoint */, handle_example_event);" \
% self.name
def fill_tracepoint_detach_helper(self):
return "\trv_detach_trace_probe(\"%s\", /* XXX: tracepoint */, handle_sample_event);" \
% self.name
def fill_atoms_init(self):
buff = []
for a in self.atoms:
buff.append("\tltl_atom_set(mon, LTL_%s, true/false);" % a)
return '\n'.join(buff)
def fill_model_h(self):
buf = [
"/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */",
"",
"/*",
" * C implementation of Buchi automaton, automatically generated by",
" * tools/verification/rvgen from the linear temporal logic specification.",
" * For further information, see kernel documentation:",
" * Documentation/trace/rv/linear_temporal_logic.rst",
" */",
"",
"#include <linux/rv.h>",
"",
"#define MONITOR_NAME " + self.name,
""
]
buf.extend(self._fill_atoms())
buf.append('')
buf.extend(self._fill_atoms_to_string())
buf.append('')
buf.extend(self._fill_states())
buf.append('')
buf.extend(self._fill_start())
buf.append('')
buf.extend(self._fill_transitions())
buf.append('')
return '\n'.join(buf)
def fill_monitor_class_type(self):
return "LTL_MON_EVENTS_ID"
def fill_monitor_class(self):
return "ltl_monitor_id"
def fill_main_c(self):
main_c = super().fill_main_c()
main_c = main_c.replace("%%ATOMS_INIT%%", self.fill_atoms_init())
return main_c

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@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#include <linux/ftrace.h>
#include <linux/tracepoint.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/rv.h>
#include <rv/instrumentation.h>
#define MODULE_NAME "%%MODEL_NAME%%"
/*
* XXX: include required tracepoint headers, e.g.,
* #include <trace/events/sched.h>
*/
#include <rv_trace.h>
%%INCLUDE_PARENT%%
/*
* This is the self-generated part of the monitor. Generally, there is no need
* to touch this section.
*/
#include "%%MODEL_NAME%%.h"
#include <rv/ltl_monitor.h>
static void ltl_atoms_fetch(struct task_struct *task, struct ltl_monitor *mon)
{
/*
* This is called everytime the Buchi automaton is triggered.
*
* This function could be used to fetch the atomic propositions which
* are expensive to trace. It is possible only if the atomic proposition
* does not need to be updated at precise time.
*
* It is recommended to use tracepoints and ltl_atom_update() instead.
*/
}
static void ltl_atoms_init(struct task_struct *task, struct ltl_monitor *mon, bool task_creation)
{
/*
* This should initialize as many atomic propositions as possible.
*
* @task_creation indicates whether the task is being created. This is
* false if the task is already running before the monitor is enabled.
*/
%%ATOMS_INIT%%
}
/*
* This is the instrumentation part of the monitor.
*
* This is the section where manual work is required. Here the kernel events
* are translated into model's event.
*/
%%TRACEPOINT_HANDLERS_SKEL%%
static int enable_%%MODEL_NAME%%(void)
{
int retval;
retval = ltl_monitor_init();
if (retval)
return retval;
%%TRACEPOINT_ATTACH%%
return 0;
}
static void disable_%%MODEL_NAME%%(void)
{
%%TRACEPOINT_DETACH%%
ltl_monitor_destroy();
}
/*
* This is the monitor register section.
*/
static struct rv_monitor rv_%%MODEL_NAME%% = {
.name = "%%MODEL_NAME%%",
.description = "%%DESCRIPTION%%",
.enable = enable_%%MODEL_NAME%%,
.disable = disable_%%MODEL_NAME%%,
};
static int __init register_%%MODEL_NAME%%(void)
{
return rv_register_monitor(&rv_%%MODEL_NAME%%, %%PARENT%%);
}
static void __exit unregister_%%MODEL_NAME%%(void)
{
rv_unregister_monitor(&rv_%%MODEL_NAME%%);
}
module_init(register_%%MODEL_NAME%%);
module_exit(unregister_%%MODEL_NAME%%);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR(/* TODO */);
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("%%MODEL_NAME%%: %%DESCRIPTION%%");

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@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
/*
* Snippet to be included in rv_trace.h
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_RV_MON_%%MODEL_NAME_UP%%
DEFINE_EVENT(event_%%MONITOR_CLASS%%, event_%%MODEL_NAME%%,
TP_PROTO(struct task_struct *task, char *states, char *atoms, char *next),
TP_ARGS(task, states, atoms, next));
DEFINE_EVENT(error_%%MONITOR_CLASS%%, error_%%MODEL_NAME%%,
TP_PROTO(struct task_struct *task),
TP_ARGS(task));
#endif /* CONFIG_RV_MON_%%MODEL_NAME_UP%% */