diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/arm.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/arm.c
index 34c9950884d5..9453321ef8c6 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/arm.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/arm.c
@@ -555,8 +555,10 @@ int kvm_arch_vcpu_create(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 	kvm_destroy_mpidr_data(vcpu->kvm);
 
 	err = kvm_vgic_vcpu_init(vcpu);
-	if (err)
+	if (err) {
+		kvm_vgic_vcpu_destroy(vcpu);
 		return err;
+	}
 
 	err = kvm_share_hyp(vcpu, vcpu + 1);
 	if (err)
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/trace.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/trace.c
index a6ca27b18e15..e7e150ab265f 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/trace.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/trace.c
@@ -164,13 +164,16 @@ static int hyp_trace_buffer_load(struct hyp_trace_buffer *trace_buffer,
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static bool hyp_trace_desc_validate(struct hyp_trace_desc *desc, size_t desc_size)
+static bool hyp_trace_desc_is_valid(struct hyp_trace_desc *desc, size_t desc_size)
 {
 	struct ring_buffer_desc *rb_desc;
 	unsigned int cpu;
 	size_t nr_bpages;
 	void *desc_end;
 
+	if (!is_protected_kvm_enabled())
+		return true;
+
 	/*
 	 * Both desc_size and bpages_backing_size are untrusted host-provided
 	 * values. We rely on __pkvm_host_donate_hyp() to enforce their validity.
@@ -212,8 +215,10 @@ int __tracing_load(unsigned long desc_hva, size_t desc_size)
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 
-	if (!hyp_trace_desc_validate(desc, desc_size))
+	if (!hyp_trace_desc_is_valid(desc, desc_size)) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
 		goto err_release_desc;
+	}
 
 	hyp_spin_lock(&trace_buffer.lock);
 
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic-its.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic-its.c
index 2ea9f1c7ebcd..1d7e5d560af4 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic-its.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic-its.c
@@ -2307,6 +2307,10 @@ static int vgic_its_restore_dte(struct vgic_its *its, u32 id,
 	/* dte entry is valid */
 	offset = (entry & KVM_ITS_DTE_NEXT_MASK) >> KVM_ITS_DTE_NEXT_SHIFT;
 
+	/* Mimic the MAPD behaviour and reject invalid EID bits. */
+	if (num_eventid_bits > VITS_TYPER_IDBITS)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
 	if (!vgic_its_check_id(its, baser, id, NULL))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
diff --git a/arch/riscv/kvm/vcpu_insn.c b/arch/riscv/kvm/vcpu_insn.c
index 4d89b94128ae..f09f9251d1f0 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/kvm/vcpu_insn.c
+++ b/arch/riscv/kvm/vcpu_insn.c
@@ -415,7 +415,6 @@ int kvm_riscv_vcpu_mmio_load(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_run *run,
 		shift = 8 * (sizeof(ulong) - len);
 	} else if ((insn & INSN_MASK_LBU) == INSN_MATCH_LBU) {
 		len = 1;
-		shift = 8 * (sizeof(ulong) - len);
 #ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
 	} else if ((insn & INSN_MASK_LD) == INSN_MATCH_LD) {
 		len = 8;
@@ -649,22 +648,22 @@ int kvm_riscv_vcpu_mmio_return(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_run *run)
 	case 1:
 		data8 = *((u8 *)run->mmio.data);
 		SET_RD(insn, &vcpu->arch.guest_context,
-			(ulong)data8 << shift >> shift);
+			(long)((ulong)data8 << shift) >> shift);
 		break;
 	case 2:
 		data16 = *((u16 *)run->mmio.data);
 		SET_RD(insn, &vcpu->arch.guest_context,
-			(ulong)data16 << shift >> shift);
+			(long)((ulong)data16 << shift) >> shift);
 		break;
 	case 4:
 		data32 = *((u32 *)run->mmio.data);
 		SET_RD(insn, &vcpu->arch.guest_context,
-			(ulong)data32 << shift >> shift);
+			(long)((ulong)data32 << shift) >> shift);
 		break;
 	case 8:
 		data64 = *((u64 *)run->mmio.data);
 		SET_RD(insn, &vcpu->arch.guest_context,
-			(ulong)data64 << shift >> shift);
+			(long)((ulong)data64 << shift) >> shift);
 		break;
 	default:
 		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
diff --git a/arch/riscv/kvm/vcpu_pmu.c b/arch/riscv/kvm/vcpu_pmu.c
index a935ed96bc17..bb46dcbfb24d 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/kvm/vcpu_pmu.c
+++ b/arch/riscv/kvm/vcpu_pmu.c
@@ -453,8 +453,10 @@ int kvm_riscv_vcpu_pmu_snapshot_set_shmem(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, unsigned long s
 	}
 
 	kvpmu->sdata = kzalloc(snapshot_area_size, GFP_ATOMIC);
-	if (!kvpmu->sdata)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	if (!kvpmu->sdata) {
+		sbiret = SBI_ERR_FAILURE;
+		goto out;
+	}
 
 	/* No need to check writable slot explicitly as kvm_vcpu_write_guest does it internally */
 	if (kvm_vcpu_write_guest(vcpu, saddr, kvpmu->sdata, snapshot_area_size)) {
@@ -499,8 +501,10 @@ int kvm_riscv_vcpu_pmu_event_info(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, unsigned long saddr_low
 	}
 
 	einfo = kzalloc(shmem_size, GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!einfo)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	if (!einfo) {
+		ret = SBI_ERR_FAILURE;
+		goto out;
+	}
 
 	ret = kvm_vcpu_read_guest(vcpu, shmem, einfo, shmem_size);
 	if (ret) {
diff --git a/arch/riscv/kvm/vcpu_sbi_sta.c b/arch/riscv/kvm/vcpu_sbi_sta.c
index 3b834709b429..60e50296a008 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/kvm/vcpu_sbi_sta.c
+++ b/arch/riscv/kvm/vcpu_sbi_sta.c
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ void kvm_riscv_vcpu_record_steal_time(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 	gfn = shmem >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 	hva = kvm_vcpu_gfn_to_hva(vcpu, gfn);
 
-	if (WARN_ON(kvm_is_error_hva(hva))) {
+	if (kvm_is_error_hva(hva)) {
 		vcpu->arch.sta.shmem = INVALID_GPA;
 		return;
 	}
diff --git a/arch/riscv/kvm/vcpu_sbi_v01.c b/arch/riscv/kvm/vcpu_sbi_v01.c
index 188d5ea5b3b8..c9c323d4577a 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/kvm/vcpu_sbi_v01.c
+++ b/arch/riscv/kvm/vcpu_sbi_v01.c
@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ static int kvm_sbi_ext_v01_handler(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_run *run,
 
 		for_each_set_bit(i, &hmask, BITS_PER_LONG) {
 			rvcpu = kvm_get_vcpu_by_id(vcpu->kvm, i);
+			if (!rvcpu)
+				continue;
 			ret = kvm_riscv_vcpu_set_interrupt(rvcpu, IRQ_VS_SOFT);
 			if (ret < 0)
 				break;
diff --git a/arch/s390/kvm/dat.c b/arch/s390/kvm/dat.c
index 7b8d70fe406d..4a41c0247ffa 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kvm/dat.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kvm/dat.c
@@ -267,6 +267,7 @@ static int dat_split_ste(struct kvm_s390_mmu_cache *mc, union pmd *pmdp, gfn_t g
 			/* No need to take locks as the page table is not installed yet. */
 			pgste_init.prefix_notif = old.s.fc1.prefix_notif;
 			pgste_init.vsie_notif = old.s.fc1.vsie_notif;
+			pgste_init.vsie_gmem = old.s.fc1.vsie_notif;
 			pgste_init.pcl = uses_skeys && init.h.i;
 			dat_init_pgstes(pt, pgste_init.val);
 		} else {
diff --git a/arch/s390/kvm/dat.h b/arch/s390/kvm/dat.h
index 8f8278c44879..873e13ac5a27 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kvm/dat.h
+++ b/arch/s390/kvm/dat.h
@@ -145,7 +145,8 @@ union pgste {
 		unsigned long cmma_d       : 1; /* Dirty flag for CMMA bits */
 		unsigned long prefix_notif : 1; /* Guest prefix invalidation notification */
 		unsigned long vsie_notif   : 1; /* Referenced in a shadow table */
-		unsigned long              : 5;
+		unsigned long vsie_gmem    : 1; /* Contains nested guest memory */
+		unsigned long              : 4;
 		unsigned long              : 8;
 	};
 	struct {
diff --git a/arch/s390/kvm/gaccess.c b/arch/s390/kvm/gaccess.c
index b07accd19618..4f8d5592c9a9 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kvm/gaccess.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kvm/gaccess.c
@@ -1445,6 +1445,7 @@ static int _do_shadow_pte(struct gmap *sg, gpa_t raddr, union pte *ptep_h, union
 	} else {
 		pgste = _gmap_ptep_xchg(sg->parent, ptep_h, newpte, pgste, f->gfn, false);
 		pgste.vsie_notif = 1;
+		pgste.vsie_gmem = 1;
 	}
 	pgste_set_unlock(ptep_h, pgste);
 	if (rc)
diff --git a/arch/s390/kvm/gmap.c b/arch/s390/kvm/gmap.c
index 3c26e35af0ef..957126ab991c 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kvm/gmap.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kvm/gmap.c
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ struct gmap *gmap_new_child(struct gmap *parent, gfn_t limit)
 
 int gmap_set_limit(struct gmap *gmap, gfn_t limit)
 {
-	struct kvm_s390_mmu_cache *mc;
+	struct kvm_s390_mmu_cache *mc __free(kvm_s390_mmu_cache) = NULL;
 	int rc, type;
 
 	type = gmap_limit_to_type(limit);
@@ -142,7 +142,6 @@ int gmap_set_limit(struct gmap *gmap, gfn_t limit)
 			rc = dat_set_asce_limit(mc, &gmap->asce, type);
 	} while (rc == -ENOMEM);
 
-	kvm_s390_free_mmu_cache(mc);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -822,8 +821,8 @@ int gmap_ucas_translate(struct kvm_s390_mmu_cache *mc, struct gmap *gmap, gpa_t
 
 int gmap_ucas_map(struct gmap *gmap, gfn_t p_gfn, gfn_t c_gfn, unsigned long count)
 {
-	struct kvm_s390_mmu_cache *mc;
-	int rc;
+	struct kvm_s390_mmu_cache *mc __free(kvm_s390_mmu_cache) = NULL;
+	int rc = 0;
 
 	mc = kvm_s390_new_mmu_cache();
 	if (!mc)
@@ -1026,13 +1025,15 @@ int gmap_insert_rmap(struct gmap *sg, gfn_t p_gfn, gfn_t r_gfn, int level)
 int gmap_protect_rmap(struct kvm_s390_mmu_cache *mc, struct gmap *sg, gfn_t p_gfn, gfn_t r_gfn,
 		      kvm_pfn_t pfn, int level, bool wr)
 {
+	unsigned long bitmask;
 	union crste *crstep;
 	union pgste pgste;
 	union pte *ptep;
 	union pte pte;
 	int flags, rc;
 
-	KVM_BUG_ON(!is_shadow(sg), sg->kvm);
+	if (KVM_BUG_ON(!is_shadow(sg) || level <= TABLE_TYPE_PAGE_TABLE, sg->kvm))
+		return -EINVAL;
 	lockdep_assert_held(&sg->parent->children_lock);
 
 	flags = DAT_WALK_SPLIT_ALLOC | (uses_skeys(sg->parent) ? DAT_WALK_USES_SKEYS : 0);
@@ -1041,8 +1042,9 @@ int gmap_protect_rmap(struct kvm_s390_mmu_cache *mc, struct gmap *sg, gfn_t p_gf
 	if (rc)
 		return rc;
 	if (level <= TABLE_TYPE_REGION1) {
+		bitmask = -1UL << (8 + 11 * level);
 		scoped_guard(spinlock, &sg->host_to_rmap_lock)
-			rc = gmap_insert_rmap(sg, p_gfn, r_gfn, level);
+			rc = gmap_insert_rmap(sg, p_gfn, r_gfn & bitmask, level);
 	}
 	if (rc)
 		return rc;
@@ -1143,8 +1145,10 @@ void _gmap_handle_vsie_unshadow_event(struct gmap *parent, gfn_t gfn)
 		}
 		scoped_guard(spinlock, &sg->host_to_rmap_lock)
 			head = radix_tree_delete(&sg->host_to_rmap, gfn);
-		gmap_for_each_rmap_safe(rmap, rnext, head)
+		gmap_for_each_rmap_safe(rmap, rnext, head) {
 			gmap_unshadow_level(sg, rmap->r_gfn, rmap->level);
+			kfree(rmap);
+		}
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/arch/s390/kvm/gmap.h b/arch/s390/kvm/gmap.h
index 96ee1395a592..742e42a31744 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kvm/gmap.h
+++ b/arch/s390/kvm/gmap.h
@@ -167,6 +167,36 @@ static inline bool gmap_unmap_prefix(struct gmap *gmap, gfn_t gfn, gfn_t end)
 	return _gmap_unmap_prefix(gmap, gfn, end, false);
 }
 
+/**
+ * pte_needs_unshadow() -- Check if the pte operations triggers unshadowing.
+ * @oldpte: the previous value for the guest pte.
+ * @newpte: the new pte being set.
+ * @pgste: the pgste for the pte entry.
+ *
+ * If the pgste.vsie_notif bit is not set, return false: the page is not
+ * involved in vsie and thus should not trigger an unshadow operation.
+ *
+ * If the pgste.vsie_gmem bit is set, this pte represents shadowed guest
+ * memory. The access rights on g3's memory should be synchronized with g1's
+ * and g2's. Therefore unshadowing is triggered if the new and old pte
+ * differ in protection, or if the new pte is invalid.
+ *
+ * If the pgste.vsie_gmem bit is not set, this pte maps the g2 dat tables
+ * for g3. If the entry becomes writable or absent, it becomes impossible to
+ * guarantee that the shadow mapping will match g2's mapping. In that case,
+ * trigger an unshadow event.
+ *
+ * Return: true if an unshadow event should be triggered, otherwise false.
+ */
+static inline bool pte_needs_unshadow(union pte oldpte, union pte newpte, union pgste pgste)
+{
+	if (!pgste.vsie_notif)
+		return false;
+	if (pgste.vsie_gmem)
+		return (oldpte.h.p != newpte.h.p) || newpte.h.i;
+	return !newpte.h.p || !newpte.s.pr;
+}
+
 static inline union pgste _gmap_ptep_xchg(struct gmap *gmap, union pte *ptep, union pte newpte,
 					  union pgste pgste, gfn_t gfn, bool needs_lock)
 {
@@ -180,8 +210,9 @@ static inline union pgste _gmap_ptep_xchg(struct gmap *gmap, union pte *ptep, un
 		pgste.prefix_notif = 0;
 		gmap_unmap_prefix(gmap, gfn, gfn + 1);
 	}
-	if (pgste.vsie_notif && (ptep->h.p != newpte.h.p || newpte.h.i)) {
+	if (pte_needs_unshadow(*ptep, newpte, pgste)) {
 		pgste.vsie_notif = 0;
+		pgste.vsie_gmem = 0;
 		if (needs_lock)
 			gmap_handle_vsie_unshadow_event(gmap, gfn);
 		else
@@ -189,6 +220,7 @@ static inline union pgste _gmap_ptep_xchg(struct gmap *gmap, union pte *ptep, un
 	}
 	if (!ptep->s.d && newpte.s.d && !newpte.s.s)
 		SetPageDirty(pfn_to_page(newpte.h.pfra));
+	pgste.zero = 0;
 	return __dat_ptep_xchg(ptep, pgste, newpte, gfn, gmap->asce, uses_skeys(gmap));
 }
 
@@ -198,6 +230,30 @@ static inline union pgste gmap_ptep_xchg(struct gmap *gmap, union pte *ptep, uni
 	return _gmap_ptep_xchg(gmap, ptep, newpte, pgste, gfn, true);
 }
 
+/**
+ * crste_needs_unshadow() -- Check if the crste operations triggers unshadowing.
+ * @oldcrste: the previous value for the crste.
+ * @newcrste: the new value for the crste.
+ *
+ * If the old crste did not have the vsie_notif bit set, return false: the
+ * page is not involved in vsie and thus should not trigger an unshadow
+ * operation. Conversely, if the bit is set, it can only be g3 memory, since
+ * dat tables are never mapped using large pages.
+ *
+ * Similar to the pgste.vsie_gmem case of pte_needs_unshadow(), if the
+ * protection bit is changing or the new page is invalid, trigger an
+ * unshadow event. Also trigger an unshadow event if the new crste does not
+ * have the vsie_notif bit set.
+ *
+ * Return: true if an unshadow event should be triggered, otherwise false.
+ */
+static inline bool crste_needs_unshadow(union crste oldcrste, union crste newcrste)
+{
+	if (!oldcrste.s.fc1.vsie_notif)
+		return false;
+	return (newcrste.h.p != oldcrste.h.p) || newcrste.h.i || !newcrste.s.fc1.vsie_notif;
+}
+
 static inline bool __must_check _gmap_crstep_xchg_atomic(struct gmap *gmap, union crste *crstep,
 							 union crste oldcrste, union crste newcrste,
 							 gfn_t gfn, bool needs_lock)
@@ -216,8 +272,7 @@ static inline bool __must_check _gmap_crstep_xchg_atomic(struct gmap *gmap, unio
 		newcrste.s.fc1.prefix_notif = 0;
 		gmap_unmap_prefix(gmap, gfn, gfn + align);
 	}
-	if (crste_leaf(oldcrste) && oldcrste.s.fc1.vsie_notif &&
-	    (newcrste.h.p || newcrste.h.i || !newcrste.s.fc1.vsie_notif)) {
+	if (crste_leaf(oldcrste) && crste_needs_unshadow(oldcrste, newcrste)) {
 		newcrste.s.fc1.vsie_notif = 0;
 		if (needs_lock)
 			gmap_handle_vsie_unshadow_event(gmap, gfn);
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/avic.c b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/avic.c
index adf211860949..993b551180fe 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/avic.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/avic.c
@@ -1300,12 +1300,14 @@ bool __init avic_hardware_setup(void)
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Disable IPI virtualization for AMD Family 17h CPUs (Zen1 and Zen2)
-	 * due to erratum 1235, which results in missed VM-Exits on the sender
-	 * and thus missed wake events for blocking vCPUs due to the CPU
-	 * failing to see a software update to clear IsRunning.
+	 * Disable IPI virtualization for AMD Family 17h (Zen1 and Zen2) and
+	 * Hygon Family 18h (derived from AMD Zen1) CPUs due to erratum 1235,
+	 * which results in missed VM-Exits on the sender and thus missed wake
+	 * events for blocking vCPUs due to the CPU failing to see a software
+	 * update to clear IsRunning.
 	 */
-	enable_ipiv = enable_ipiv && boot_cpu_data.x86 != 0x17;
+	if (boot_cpu_data.x86 == 0x17 || boot_cpu_data.x86 == 0x18)
+		enable_ipiv = false;
 
 	amd_iommu_register_ga_log_notifier(&avic_ga_log_notifier);
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
index 0a1b63c63d1a..c1a72d749084 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
@@ -4876,7 +4876,7 @@ int kvm_vm_ioctl_check_extension(struct kvm *kvm, long ext)
 		r = tdp_enabled;
 		break;
 	case KVM_CAP_X86_APIC_BUS_CYCLES_NS:
-		r = APIC_BUS_CYCLE_NS_DEFAULT;
+		r = kvm ? kvm->arch.apic_bus_cycle_ns : APIC_BUS_CYCLE_NS_DEFAULT;
 		break;
 	case KVM_CAP_EXIT_HYPERCALL:
 		r = KVM_EXIT_HYPERCALL_VALID_MASK;
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/elf.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/elf.c
index b689c4df4a01..1924a9895834 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/elf.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/elf.c
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 #include "test_util.h"
 
-#include <bits/endian.h>
+#include <endian.h>
 #include <linux/elf.h>
 
 #include "kvm_util.h"
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86/apic_bus_clock_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86/apic_bus_clock_test.c
index 404f0028e110..0c84c27ea584 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86/apic_bus_clock_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86/apic_bus_clock_test.c
@@ -137,6 +137,10 @@ static void run_apic_bus_clock_test(u64 apic_hz, u64 delay_ms,
 	vm_enable_cap(vm, KVM_CAP_X86_APIC_BUS_CYCLES_NS,
 		      NSEC_PER_SEC / apic_hz);
 
+	TEST_ASSERT_EQ(kvm_check_cap(KVM_CAP_X86_APIC_BUS_CYCLES_NS), 1);
+	TEST_ASSERT_EQ(vm_check_cap(vm, KVM_CAP_X86_APIC_BUS_CYCLES_NS),
+		       NSEC_PER_SEC / apic_hz);
+
 	vcpu = vm_vcpu_add(vm, 0, apic_guest_code);
 	vcpu_args_set(vcpu, 2, apic_hz, delay_ms);