diff --git a/fs/ntfs/file.c b/fs/ntfs/file.c
index e8b056c3e4cc..bb8641103d26 100644
--- a/fs/ntfs/file.c
+++ b/fs/ntfs/file.c
@@ -637,9 +637,10 @@ static ssize_t ntfs_file_write_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from)
 
 	/*
 	 * The volume must be marked dirty before the modification is made,
-	 * without an unlocked check of the in-memory flag: ntfs_sync_fs()
-	 * can clear the bit concurrently and the modification would then
-	 * land on a volume that is clean on disk.
+	 * without an unlocked check of the in-memory flag: the dirty bit
+	 * is only cleared at the quiescent transitions, under the same
+	 * $Volume mrec_lock this call takes, so an unlocked skip could
+	 * lose the set to one of them.
 	 */
 	ntfs_set_volume_flags(vol, VOLUME_IS_DIRTY);
 
diff --git a/fs/ntfs/super.c b/fs/ntfs/super.c
index 42d895776f32..a08523457fe0 100644
--- a/fs/ntfs/super.c
+++ b/fs/ntfs/super.c
@@ -493,8 +493,9 @@ int ntfs_set_volume_flags(struct ntfs_volume *vol, __le16 flags)
  * This is the single point that persists the in-memory error state to disk.
  * The runtime error paths only record NVolErrors() because they run under a
  * variety of ntfs locks the dirty-bit write cannot be taken under (runlist
- * locks, vol->lcnbmp_lock, vol->mftbmp_lock, mrec_locks); the first
- * ntfs_sync_fs(), a remount, or the unmount then persists the flag here.
+ * locks, vol->lcnbmp_lock, vol->mftbmp_lock, mrec_locks); a sync of a
+ * volume with recorded errors, a remount to read-only, or the unmount,
+ * then persists the flag here.
  *
  * A hibernated volume is not written from these persistence paths:
  * resuming Windows from a modified image corrupts it, so the dirty bit
@@ -2023,7 +2024,7 @@ static void ntfs_shutdown(struct super_block *sb)
 static int ntfs_sync_fs(struct super_block *sb, int wait)
 {
 	struct ntfs_volume *vol = NTFS_SB(sb);
-	int err = 0;
+	int ret, err = 0;
 
 	if (NVolShutdown(vol))
 		return -EIO;
@@ -2031,14 +2032,30 @@ static int ntfs_sync_fs(struct super_block *sb, int wait)
 	if (!wait)
 		return 0;
 
-	/* If there are some dirty buffers in the bdev inode */
-	if (ntfs_sync_volume_dirty_state(vol)) {
+	/*
+	 * The volume dirty bit is deliberately not cleared here: a sync
+	 * running concurrently with an in-flight modification could clear
+	 * and persist a bit that was just set, leaving the modification
+	 * on a volume that is clean on disk.  The bit is only cleared at
+	 * the quiescent state transitions, remounting read-only and clean
+	 * unmount.  A recorded error state, however, is persisted right
+	 * away so that it is not lost to a crash on a volume that has
+	 * seen no modification; with NVolErrors() set this can only set
+	 * the bit, never clear it.
+	 */
+	if (NVolErrors(vol) &&
+	    ntfs_sync_volume_dirty_state(vol)) {
 		ntfs_warning(sb, "Failed to sync dirty bit in volume information flags.  Run chkdsk.");
 		err = -EIO;
 	}
 	sync_inodes_sb(sb);
-	sync_blockdev(sb->s_bdev);
-	blkdev_issue_flush(sb->s_bdev);
+	ret = sync_blockdev(sb->s_bdev);
+	if (ret && !err)
+		err = ret;
+
+	ret = blkdev_issue_flush(sb->s_bdev);
+	if (ret && !err)
+		err = ret;
 	return err;
 }