diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/nested.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/nested.c
index 3a5571c3c114..903ccabca78c 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/nested.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/nested.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ struct vncr_tlb {
 	struct s1_walk_result	wr;
 
 	u64			hpa;
+	bool			hpa_writable;
 
 	/* -1 when not mapped on a CPU */
 	int			cpu;
@@ -1401,7 +1402,7 @@ static int kvm_translate_vncr(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, bool *is_gmem)
 	if (!*is_gmem) {
 		pfn = __kvm_faultin_pfn(memslot, gfn, write_fault ? FOLL_WRITE : 0,
 					&writable, &page);
-		if (is_error_noslot_pfn(pfn) || (write_fault && !writable))
+		if (is_error_noslot_pfn(pfn))
 			return -EFAULT;
 	} else {
 		ret = kvm_gmem_get_pfn(vcpu->kvm, memslot, gfn, &pfn, &page, NULL);
@@ -1410,6 +1411,8 @@ static int kvm_translate_vncr(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, bool *is_gmem)
 					      write_fault, false, false);
 			return ret;
 		}
+
+		writable = !(memslot->flags & KVM_MEM_READONLY);
 	}
 
 	scoped_guard(write_lock, &vcpu->kvm->mmu_lock) {
@@ -1420,28 +1423,41 @@ static int kvm_translate_vncr(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, bool *is_gmem)
 
 		vt->gva = va;
 		vt->hpa = pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
+		vt->hpa_writable = writable;
 		vt->valid = true;
 		vt->cpu = -1;
 
 		kvm_make_request(KVM_REQ_MAP_L1_VNCR_EL2, vcpu);
-		kvm_release_faultin_page(vcpu->kvm, page, false, vt->wr.pw);
+		kvm_release_faultin_page(vcpu->kvm, page, false, vt->wr.pw && vt->hpa_writable);
 	}
 
-	if (vt->wr.pw)
+	if (vt->wr.pw && vt->hpa_writable)
 		mark_page_dirty(vcpu->kvm, gfn);
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void inject_vncr_perm(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
+static void handle_vncr_perm(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 {
 	struct vncr_tlb *vt = vcpu->arch.vncr_tlb;
 	u64 esr = kvm_vcpu_get_esr(vcpu);
+	u64 fsc;
+
+	/*
+	 * Promote to an external abort if the stage-1 permits writes but the
+	 * HPA is read-only (e.g. RO memslot).
+	 */
+	if (kvm_is_write_fault(vcpu) && vt->wr.pw && !vt->hpa_writable)
+		fsc = ESR_ELx_FSC_EXTABT;
+	/*
+	 * Otherwise, inject a permission fault using the guest's translation
+	 * level rather than the host's.
+	 */
+	else
+		fsc = ESR_ELx_FSC_PERM_L(vt->wr.level);
 
-	/* Adjust the fault level to reflect that of the guest's */
 	esr &= ~ESR_ELx_FSC;
-	esr |= FIELD_PREP(ESR_ELx_FSC,
-			  ESR_ELx_FSC_PERM_L(vt->wr.level));
+	esr |= FIELD_PREP(ESR_ELx_FSC, fsc);
 
 	kvm_inject_nested_sync(vcpu, esr);
 }
@@ -1475,7 +1491,7 @@ int kvm_handle_vncr_abort(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 		return kvm_handle_guest_sea(vcpu);
 
 	if (esr_fsc_is_permission_fault(esr)) {
-		inject_vncr_perm(vcpu);
+		handle_vncr_perm(vcpu);
 	} else if (esr_fsc_is_translation_fault(esr)) {
 		bool valid, is_gmem = false;
 		int ret;
@@ -1523,7 +1539,7 @@ int kvm_handle_vncr_abort(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 			break;
 		case -EPERM:
 			/* Hack to deal with POE until we get kernel support */
-			inject_vncr_perm(vcpu);
+			handle_vncr_perm(vcpu);
 			break;
 		case 0:
 			break;
@@ -1567,7 +1583,7 @@ static void kvm_map_l1_vncr(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 
 	vt->cpu = smp_processor_id();
 
-	if (vt->wr.pw && vt->wr.pr)
+	if (vt->hpa_writable && vt->wr.pw && vt->wr.pr)
 		prot = PAGE_KERNEL;
 	else if (vt->wr.pr)
 		prot = PAGE_KERNEL_RO;