diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.c b/fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.c
index c44e0417af87..34c1de63e43b 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.c
@@ -883,6 +883,7 @@ static int bch2_invalidate_buckets(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca)
 
 		ret = __bch2_alloc_write_key(c, ca, b, &iter,
 				must_flush ? &journal_seq : NULL,
+				BTREE_INSERT_GC_LOCK_HELD|
 				!fifo_empty(&ca->free_inc) ? BTREE_INSERT_NOWAIT : 0);
 	}
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_update_leaf.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_update_leaf.c
index e052a3debadb..d1a2ac48ed29 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_update_leaf.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_update_leaf.c
@@ -624,6 +624,9 @@ int __bch2_btree_insert_at(struct btree_insert *trans)
 	/* for the sake of sanity: */
 	BUG_ON(trans->nr > 1 && !(trans->flags & BTREE_INSERT_ATOMIC));
 
+	if (trans->flags & BTREE_INSERT_GC_LOCK_HELD)
+		lockdep_assert_held(&c->gc_lock);
+
 	bubble_sort(trans->entries, trans->nr, btree_trans_cmp);
 
 	trans_for_each_entry(trans, i)